heritage tourism taj mahal

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• Description

An immense mausoleum of white marble, built in Agra between 1631 and 1648 by order of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favourite wife, the Taj Mahal is the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Le Taj Mahal

Immense mausolée funéraire de marbre blanc édifiée entre 1631 et 1648 à Agra sur l'ordre de l'empereur moghol Shah Jahan pour perpétuer le souvenir de son épouse favorite, le Taj Mahal, joyau le plus parfait de l'art musulman en Inde, est l'un des chefs-d'œuvre universellement admirés du patrimoine de l'humanité.

إنّ تاج محل هو ضريح جنائزي هائل شُيّد من الرخام الأبيض بين عامي 1631 و1648 في أغرا بناءً على أوامر الإمبراطور المغولي شاه جهان بهدف تخليد ذكرى زوجته المفضّلة. ويشكّل تاج محل الذي يُعتبر أفضل جوهرة في الفن الإسلامي في الهند إحدى أبرز تُحف التراث البشري التي هي محطّ إعجاب العالم بأسره.

source: UNESCO/CPE Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

泰姬陵是一座由白色大理石建成的巨大陵墓清真寺，是莫卧儿皇帝沙贾汗(Shah Jahan)为纪念他心爱的妃子于1631年至1648年在阿格拉修建的。泰姬陵是印度穆斯林艺术的瑰宝奇葩，是世界遗产中令世人赞叹的经典杰作之一。

Outstanding Universal Value

Brief synthesis

The Taj Mahal is located on the right bank of the Yamuna River in a vast Mughal garden that encompasses nearly 17 hectares, in the Agra District in Uttar Pradesh. It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal with construction starting in 1632 AD and completed in 1648 AD, with the mosque, the guest house and the main gateway on the south, the outer courtyard and its cloisters were added subsequently and completed in 1653 AD. The existence of several historical and Quaranic inscriptions in Arabic script have facilitated setting the chronology of Taj Mahal. For its construction, masons, stone-cutters, inlayers, carvers, painters, calligraphers, dome builders and other artisans were requisitioned from the whole of the empire and also from the Central Asia and Iran. Ustad-Ahmad Lahori was the main architect of the Taj Mahal.

The Taj Mahal is considered to be the greatest architectural achievement in the whole range of Indo-Islamic architecture. Its recognised architectonic beauty has a rhythmic combination of solids and voids, concave and convex and light shadow; such as arches and domes further increases the aesthetic aspect. The colour combination of lush green scape reddish pathway and blue sky over it show cases the monument in ever changing tints and moods. The relief work in marble and inlay with precious and semi precious stones make it a monument apart. 

The uniqueness of Taj Mahal lies in some truly remarkable innovations carried out by the horticulture planners and architects of Shah Jahan. One such genius planning is the placing of tomb at one end of the quadripartite garden rather than in the exact centre, which added rich depth and perspective to the distant view of the monument. It is also, one of the best examples of raised tomb variety. The tomb is further raised on a square platform with the four sides of the octagonal base of the minarets extended beyond the square at the corners. The top of the platform is reached through a lateral flight of steps provided in the centre of the southern side. The ground plan of the Taj Mahal is in perfect balance of composition, the octagonal tomb chamber in the centre, encompassed by the portal halls and the four corner rooms. The plan is repeated on the upper floor. The exterior of the tomb is square in plan, with chamfered corners. The large double storied domed chamber, which houses the cenotaphs of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan, is a perfect octagon in plan. The exquisite octagonal marble lattice screen encircling both cenotaphs is a piece of superb workmanship. It is highly polished and richly decorated with inlay work. The borders of the frames are inlaid with precious stones representing flowers executed with wonderful perfection. The hues and the shades of the stones used to make the leaves and the flowers appear almost real. The cenotaph of Mumtaz Mahal is in perfect centre of the tomb chamber, placed on a rectangular platform decorated with inlaid flower plant motifs. The cenotaph of Shah Jahan is greater than Mumtaz Mahal and installed more than thirty years later by the side of the latter on its west. The upper cenotaphs are only illusory and the real graves are in the lower tomb chamber (crypt), a practice adopted in the imperial Mughal tombs.

The four free-standing minarets at the corners of the platform added a hitherto unknown dimension to the Mughal architecture. The four minarets provide not only a kind of spatial reference to the monument but also give a three dimensional effect to the edifice.

The most impressive in the Taj Mahal complex next to the tomb, is the main gate which stands majestically in the centre of the southern wall of the forecourt. The gate is flanked on the north front by double arcade galleries. The garden in front of the galleries is subdivided into four quarters by two main walk-ways and each quarters in turn subdivided by the narrower cross-axial walkways, on the Timurid-Persian scheme of the walled in garden. The enclosure walls on the east and west have a pavilion at the centre.

The Taj Mahal is a perfect symmetrical planned building, with an emphasis of bilateral symmetry along a central axis on which the main features are placed. The building material used is brick-in-lime mortar veneered with red sandstone and marble and inlay work of precious/semi precious stones. The mosque and the guest house in the Taj Mahal complex are built of red sandstone in contrast to the marble tomb in the centre. Both the buildings have a large platform over the terrace at their front. Both the mosque and the guest house are the identical structures. They have an oblong massive prayer hall consist of three vaulted bays arranged in a row with central dominant portal. The frame of the portal arches and the spandrels are veneered in white marble. The spandrels are filled with flowery arabesques of stone intarsia and the arches bordered with rope molding.

Criterion (i): Taj Mahal represents the finest architectural and artistic achievement through perfect harmony and excellent craftsmanship in a whole range of Indo-Islamic sepulchral architecture. It is a masterpiece of architectural style in conception, treatment and execution and has unique aesthetic qualities in balance, symmetry and harmonious blending of various elements.

Integrity is maintained in the intactness of tomb, mosque, guest house, main gate and the whole Taj Mahal complex. The physical fabric is in good condition and structural stability, nature of foundation, verticality of the minarets and other constructional aspects of Taj Mahal have been studied and continue to be monitored. To control the impact of deterioration due for atmospheric pollutants, an air control monitoring station is installed to constantly monitor air quality and control decay factors as they arise. To ensure the protection of the setting, the adequate management and enforcement of regulations in the extended buffer zone is needed. In addition, future development for tourist facilities will need to ensure that the functional and visual integrity of the property is maintained, particularly in the relationship with the Agra Fort.

Authenticity

The tomb, mosque, guest house, main gate and the overall Taj Mahal complex have maintained the conditions of authenticity at the time of inscription. Although an important amount of repairs and conservation works have been carried out right from the British period in India these have not compromised to the original qualities of the buildings. Future conservation work will need to follow guidelines that ensure that qualities such as form and design continue to be preserved.

Protection and management requirements

The management of Taj Mahal complex is carried out by the Archaeological Survey of India and the legal protection of the monument and the control over the regulated area around the monument is through the various legislative and regulatory frameworks that have been established, including the Ancient Monument and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958 and Rules 1959 Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation); which is adequate to the overall administration of the property and buffer areas. Additional supplementary laws ensure the protection of the property in terms of development in the surroundings.

An area of 10,400 sq km around the Taj Mahal is defined to protect the monument from pollution. The Supreme Court of India in December, 1996, delivered a ruling banning use of coal/coke in industries located in the Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ) and switching over to natural gas or relocating them outside the TTZ. The TTZ comprises of 40 protected monuments including three World Heritage Sites - Taj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri.

The fund provided by the federal government is adequate for the buffer areas. The fund provided by the federal government is adequate for the overall conservation, preservation and maintenance of the complex to supervise activities at the site under the guidance of the Superintending Archaeologist of the Agra Circle. The implementation of an Integrated Management plan is necessary to ensure that the property maintains the existing conditions, particularly in the light of significant pressures derived from visitation that will need to be adequately managed. The Management plan should also prescribe adequate guidelines for proposed infrastructure development and establish a comprehensive Public Use plan.

• Moghal Gardens (World Heritage Review)
• World Heritage in India (Archaeological Survey of India)

State of Conservation (SOC)

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States › Uttar Pradesh › Agra › Top Tourist Attractions › Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal Uttar Pradesh

Taj Mahal is the epitome of grandeur and splendour, you cannot fathom the beauty of this white marbled monument unless you stand in front of it. As you approach Taj Mahal, it gradually becomes known to you that this is no ordinary monument, but a vision come to life! Moved by its beauty and the deep affection of Shah Jahan for Mumtaz, the Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore called it "a teardrop on the face of eternity". A UNESCO World Heritage Site, it is located on the bank of the Yamuna River and is counted among the most popular heritage monuments in India.

Built between 1631 and 1648 AD, the Taj Mahal stands as the finest example of Indo-Islamic architecture, and is one of the seven wonders of the world. The timeless beauty of the Taj is a reflection of the profound pain and longing which Shah Jahan was overcome by after the death of Mumtaz Mahal. Today, visitors celebrate, reflect and admire the splendour of the Taj. Inside, both Shah Jahan and Mumtaz lie buried in their graves, divided in life, but united in death.

There is nothing ordinary about the Taj. From its minarets which are always bent curiously outwards to its inlay work, calligraphy, gateways, panels and arches, every nook and corner is a manifestation of divine grace that its builder seems to have been blessed with. Every intricate detail that catches your eye is worthy of being described in thousands way for its exquisite beauty. Unsurprisingly, Taj Mahal always occupies the first place in the heritage tourism attractions in Uttar Pradesh.

Architecture

The Taj Mahal is the finest example of Indo-Persian architecture. It incorporates Persian, Indian and Islamic architectural styles. The main gateway of the Taj Mahal, which is the most photographed section of the monument, consists of a door carved from solid silver. It is believed that this door was built to prevent the tomb which is located inside from being visible from anywhere. The tomb, therefore, is only visible when you have arrived at the gateway itself. Look up though and you will find the ceiling decorated with verses from the Holy Quran in wonderful calligraphy.

The tomb itself is built in a rectangular shape and lies at the northern end of the Taj Mahal. While the ceiling is decorated with floral patterns, the floors and other areas of the room are adorned with floral designs. Here, it is interesting to know that the tombs visible to the public and tourists are not the real tombs of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz. The real ones are protected in a crypt.

One feature of the Taj Mahal which makes its presence everywhere are the lily flowers. This suggests the love of the Mughals for gardens. Indeed, some of the best gardens in India were built by the Mughals. The central hall is surrounded by eight rooms which are connected by a common corridor.

No description of the architecture of the Taj Mahal is complete without mentioning its dome. It stands like a crown on a king and plays a big role in lending this monument a feeling of eternity. Bulbous shaped, the outer doom stands at a height of almost 44.4m, while the inner dome stands at a height of almost 24.3m. It is popularly believed that this dome was built by Ismail Afandi from Turkey, a renowned palace dome designer in Turkey. Here too, the combination of Hindu and Islamic styles of architectures is visible in the form of “chhatris” (an umbrella like structure), which is a feature mostly found in temples.

Interesting Facts about Taj Mahal

• The construction of the Taj Mahal took around 22,000 painters, stonecutters, embroidery artists and labourers.
• Around 1,000 elephants were used to transport the materials to the construction site.
• Shah Jahan wanted to build a black Taj Mahal which would stand across from the original one. However, before he could do so, he was deposed by his own son Aurangzeb.
• The minarets are leaning away from the monument in order to prevent any damage to it in the event of a collapse.
• It took 17 years to complete the building of the Taj Mahal.

• The Taj Mahal appears to change colors throughout the day. In the morning, it is milky white, in the afternoon, it looks like its tinged with crimson while at night, it sparkles under the moonlight.
• Although most of the Taj Mahal is ornately decorated, the only part which is not is the tomb.
• Henry Saint Clair Fredericks, an American Grammy Award Winning Blues musician, was so enamored of the Taj Mahal that he named himself after it.
• The Taj Mahal seems to get smaller as you move towards it, and larger as you move away from it.
• During times of war, the Taj Mahal is hidden with a scaffolding so as to prevent it from any attack. This was done during World War 2, the 1971 India-Pakistan War and in the 9/11 attack.

There are different entry fees for domestic and international tourists. Foreign tourists have to pay 1100 INR + 200 INR. There is an additional fee for visiting the mausoleum, which is optional. Citizens of SAARC and BIMSTEC countries have to pay 540 INR + 200 INR. There is a separate fee for those wanting to visit the memorial. Domestic tourists have to pay 50 INR + 200 INR (for those wanting to visit the mausoleum).

• Best Time to Visit

Taj Mahal, one of the top heritage attractions of India, can be visited throughout the year. During summer, it can get quite hot. If you are brave enough to face the heat, then you can visit it without any problem. However, the cool and pleasant weather during winters creates the perfect conditions for visiting it. Taj Mahal opens 30 minutes before sunrise and closes 30 minutes before sunset. It is closed for general viewing to all visitors on Fridays.

Nearby Tourist Attractions

There are several famous monuments located in close proximity to the Taj Mahal, one of the UNESCO Heritage Sites in India. Some of these are:

• Agra Fort (2.9 km):  A UNESCO World Heritage Site, it evokes admiration from onlookers for its colossal size and magnificence.
• Fatehpur Sikri (41.4 km): Like the Taj Mahal and Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• Itmad-ud-Daulah Tomb (6.7 km): It is the first tomb in India built out of pure white marble.
• Shri Mankameshwar Temple (4.2 km): Mankameshwar Temple one of the four ancient Shiva temples standing on each corner of the Agra city.
• Akbar's Tomb (14.8 km): Located in Sikandra, Akbar’s Tomb is also a very popular tourist attraction. As the name suggests, this is the final resting place of Akbar.

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Essential Guide to Visiting the Taj Mahal

Taj mahal location, how to get to agra and the taj mahal.

• Best Time to Visit
• Entrance Cost and Rules
• What to Bring with You
• What to Wear at the Taj
• Why Book a Guided Tour
• How to See Without Going Inside

Where to Stay in Agra

What else is there to do in agra.

The Taj Mahal is one of the Seven Wonders of the World and on the top of everyone's list when visiting India. This incredible white marble structure is not only beautiful but is also a testament to the love that Mughal emperor Shah Jahan had for his wife Mumtaz Mahal.

Built in the mid-1600s over a period of 22 years using 20,000 workers, the Taj is truly a testament to otherworldly beauty and architecture.

On this page, you'll find everything you need to know when visiting the Taj Mahal including where it is, how to get there, what to wear, entrance fees, the best time to visit, and other things to do nearby. 

The Taj Mahal is located in Agra, India. Agra is a small city in North India a few hours drive or 200 kilometers (125 miles) from the capital of New Delhi. Agra is often visited on the Golden Triangle travel route which includes the most popular stops in India: Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur. 

Agra was a very important city during the Mughal rule of North India, but since then has a decrease in political importance and today only has 1.7 million people. The Taj Mahal is located to the east of the city near the banks of the holy Yamuna River. 

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Agra is normally visited by travelers on the Golden Triangle circuit because it is around 200 kilometers from both Delhi and Jaipur. You can also make a day trip from Delhi to Agra to see the Taj Mahal and then return to Delhi. We recommend staying in Agra for 1 or 2 days to see some of the other World Heritage Sites there such as the Agra Fort and Baby Taj. 

You can reach Agra from Delhi by train. The high-speed Shatabdi Express has trains that run between Agra, Delhi, and other cities in Rajasthan. A train from Delhi to Agra will likely take around 1 hour and 20 minutes.

You can also travel to Agra from Delhi by private car on the Yamuna Expressway. If you book a Golden Triangle tour, traveling between the three cities by private car will be included in the price. The car journey from Delhi to Agra takes around 3 hours and is often more comfortable and convenient than traveling by train. 

Once you reach Agra, the Taj Mahal will be easy to reach from your hotel by either private car or rickshaw. We recommend taking a private car with a guide in order to avoid scams at the entrance. 

Best Time to Visit the Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal can be visited all year round, but the best time to visit is from November to February . This period is during the winter months in India when the weather is cool and dry and the skies are clear. 

This time of year is the high season for visiting the Taj, so you can expect there to be larger crowds visiting this world wonder. During December and January, the Taj Mahal is often shrouded by fog in the morning so if you want the perfect sunrise shot, its best to go in November or February.

You can also visit the Taj Mahal from March to May and June to October. March, April, and May are the hot season in Agra with temperatures reaching up to 40°C (104°F). During the hot season, we recommend visiting in the early morning to catch the beautiful sunrise and avoid the heat.

March is the best hot season month to visit because the temperatures are still manageable and the crowds are much smaller.

June to October is the rainy season in Agra. This season is slightly cooler than the hot season but is still warm and humid. Agra doesn't get as much rain as other parts of India. The wettest month in Agra is August with an average of 272mm (10.7 inches) of rain. 

You can still see the Taj during the rainy season, but you will need to spend a few more days in Agra to make sure that you have time to see everything and avoid the showers. 

September is a good month to go for affordable hotel rates and travel. The last two weeks of September are often dry. October is the beginning of the high season and hotel prices normally rise on the 1st of the month. 

Get more information on the best time to visit the Taj Mahal in a day.

Taj Mahal Entrance Cost and Rules

The Taj Mahal is open from 6 am to 7 pm every day except for Fridays when it is closed for prayer. The Taj also reopens every day from 8:30 pm to 12:30 am for 4 nights around the full moon.

The price of entrance tickets into the Taj is 1,100 rupees ($15) for non-Indians. You can get a 50 rupee discount if you pay with a card. Children younger than 15 can enter for free whether they are foreigners or Indians. Your ticket comes with a water bottle, shoe covers, and a map of Agra. Shoe covers must be worn inside the main building of the Taj Mahal.

The full moon night viewing tickets cost a little less than day tickets. For foreigners, night entrance is 750 rupees ($10) .

Taj Mahal tickets can be purchased at the entrance gates or online. 

There are three entrance gates into the Taj Mahal complex: South, East, and West. The West Gate is the main date and normally has the longest lines throughout the day. The South Gate is the least used as it is in the heart of a congested market and a little difficult to access. The East Gate is most used by foreign visitors because it is close to many nice hotels and often has shorter lines. 

The Taj Mahal is India's most important monument and has high levels of security at the entrance. When entering the Taj, your bags will be searched and no large bags are allowed inside. 

Other items that are not allowed inside the Taj include food, cigarettes and lighters, tripods, and lighting equipment. Cameras are also not allowed inside the mausoleum as taking photos of the inside is prohibited. 

If you bring a big bag or backpack, you may want to store it in a locker outside the monument so as to decrease your time at the security check. 

What to Bring with You to the Taj

Because security is so high at the Taj Mahal and many things are not allowed, it's a good idea to only bring a small bag with a few belongings. Some items you may want to bring when visiting the Taj include:

• The Taj Mahal was constructed to be immensely beautiful. It is completely symmetrical and surrounded by gardens. The white walls of the Taj reflect the colors of the sky from orange in the early morning to dark blue at night.
• The Taj Mahal is a tomb containing the bodies of emperor Shah Jahan and his wife Mumtaz Mahal and is decorated to depict an image of heaven. The marble of the Taj is carved into beautiful floral designs and inlaid with semiprecious stones from Persia, Russia, Afghanistan, China, and the Indian Ocean. 
• The story of its creator, Shah Jahan, is a sad one with his son betraying him after the death of Mumtaz Mahal and locking him away in the tower of the Agra Fort where he could still see the Taj from a distance.

Sunblock is especially important during the hot season, but you should consider wearing it no matter what time of year you visit the Taj. The sun reflects off of the white marble walls and garden pools causing your skin to be more exposed to the sun's rays than normal.

Bug spray is also important, especially during the rainy season, as the Taj is located next to the Yamuna River and sometimes has many mosquitos. 

What to Wear to the Taj Mahal

There is no dress code for entering the Taj Mahal, but even so, it is important to be respectful of the local culture. It's a good idea to wear loose and long clothing. For women, a loose long-sleeved shirt and loose pants or a skirt are perfect. This way, you will be respectful and still stay cool in Agra's hot climate.

The general rule for how to dress appropriately in India is to cover everything above the knee and your shoulders. 

To enter the mosque that is located on the grounds of the Taj Mahal, women will need to cover their heads, shoulders, and knees. 

Why You Should Book A Guided Tour

Visiting the Taj on a guided tour is the best way to see this world wonder. Guides will take you to the Taj in a private car and help you get your tickets and through security. They will also show you around the Taj Mahal and give you all the information you could want to know.

Guides can also protect you from the many notorious scammers and hawkers who hang out near the Taj Mahal trying to catch unaware tourists.

If you visit the Taj with a guide, it is best to book through your hotel or through a tour company on a Golden Triangle tour. Outside the Taj, many people pose as guides who are not actually qualified to do so. To avoid this scam, make sure to book beforehand.

If you choose not to use a guide at the Taj, just make sure to keep your wits about you and turn down anyone who asks for photos or to be your guide. You can purchase an audio guide at the entrance of the Taj for around 105 rupees. Audio guides are available in many languages including English, German, Spanish, and French.

How to See the Taj Mahal Without Going Inside

Besides entering the official Taj Mahal grounds, there are a few other ways in Agra to see the Taj Mahal .

One of the most popular Taj viewing points is from Mehtab Bagh which is a large Mughal garden located just across the Yamuna river. Entrance to Mehtab Bagh costs around 300 rupees ($4) and the garden provides incredible views of the world wonder. This is an especially great place to view the Taj during sunrise.

You can also see the Taj Mahal from many hotel rooftop restaurants in Agra. You can see the beautiful mausoleum for free from the roof of the Taj Ganj hotel. You can also get great views of the Taj from the dining room of the Oberoi Amarvilas luxury hotel. 

Lastly, you can see the Taj Mahal at a distance from the windows of the Agra Fort . The Agra Fort was also partially built by Emperor Shah Jahan and is the building where he was imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb. 

Because Agra is such a large tourist area in India, the city is full of hotels for all budgets many of which are located near the Taj Mahal and offer rooftop views. Luxury hotels are particularly popular in the city and are great places for fine dining and spa experiences. 

The Oberoi Amarvilas is the best hotel in Agra for luxury experiences. It is located around 600 meters from the Taj Mahal and its architecture was inspired by the monument. The hotel has fountains pavilions, gardens, and pools. It also has an incredible dining room where you can sip champagne while watching the sunset behind the Taj. 

Another great luxury hotel in the city is Jaypee Palace. This hotel sits on 25 acres of and that is full of pools, gardens, and palm trees. Jaypee Palace is located in the center of Agra and close to all major attractions. They also have an outdoor dining location that features nightly performances.

If you are looking to stay in a resort, our favorites are the Trident and ITC Mughal. If you are looking for more affordable options then the DoubleTree by Hilton is a great one that also offers views of the Taj Mahal. 

While the Taj Mahal is without a doubt the main attraction in Agra, there are plenty of other things to see in this ancient Mughal capital.

The Agra Fort is also a stunning location and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was built in the 16th-century. Inside the fort, you see a number of palaces that were built by different Mughal kings and also the place where Shah Jahan was imprisoned. 

If you are interested in beautiful architecture, you can also go and see the tomb of Itimad-ud-Daulah . This tomb is only about a 25-minute drive from the Taj Mahal and is often called the "Baby Taj" because it was one of the architectural inspirations for the world wonder. This tomb contains the grandfather of Shah Jahan and was the first Mughal structure to be made of white marble. 

Another UNESCO World Heritage site near Agra is Fatehpur Sikri which is the ruins of an ancient city that was originally built by the Mughal emperor Akbar as a place for his family to live. The city is made of red sandstone and contains the beautiful ruins of palaces, mosques, and homes.

If you are looking for some socially responsible activities, you can check out the Elephant Conservation Centre which is run by Wildlife SOS and works on the rehabilitation and care of rescue elephants. The city is also home to Sheroes Hangout which is a small cafe that is run by victims of acid attacks. Here you can grab a coffee and listen to the women's stories.

Some great restaurants in Agra include the fine dining Esphahan, the more relaxed Mama Chicken, and the delicious Pinch of Spice.

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By: History.com Editors

Updated: June 5, 2023 | Original: June 13, 2011

The Taj Mahal is an enormous mausoleum complex commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan to house the remains of his beloved wife. Constructed over a 20-year period on the southern bank of the Yamuna River in Agra, India, the famed complex is one of the most outstanding examples of Mughal architecture, which combined Indian, Persian and Islamic influences. At its center is the Taj Mahal itself, built of shimmering white marble that seems to change color depending on the daylight. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983, it remains one of the world’s most celebrated structures and a stunning symbol of India’s rich history.

Shah Jahan was a member of the Mughal dynasty that ruled most of northern India from the early 16th to the mid 18th-century. After the death of his father, King Jahangir, in 1627, Shah Jahan emerged the victor of a bitter power struggle with his brothers, and crowned himself emperor at Agra in 1628.

At his side was Arjumand Banu Begum, better known as Mumtaz Mahal (“Chosen One of the Palace”), whom he married in 1612 and cherished as the favorite of his three queens.

In 1631, Mumtaz Mahal died after giving birth to the couple’s 14th child. The grieving Shah Jahan, known for commissioning a number of impressive structures throughout his reign, ordered the building of a magnificent mausoleum across the Yamuna River from his own royal palace at Agra.

Construction began around 1632 and would continue for the next two decades. The chief architect was probably Ustad Ahmad Lahouri, an Indian of Persian descent who would later be credited with designing the Red Fort at Delhi.

In all, more than 20,000 workers from India, Persia, Europe and the Ottoman Empire , along with some 1,000 elephants, were brought in to build the mausoleum complex.

Design and Construction of the Taj Mahal

Named the Taj Mahal in honor of Mumtaz Mahal, the mausoleum was constructed of white marble inlaid with semi-precious stones (including jade, crystal, lapis lazuli, amethyst and turquoise) forming intricate designs in a technique known as pietra dura .

Its central dome reaches a height of 240 feet (73 meters) and is surrounded by four smaller domes; four slender towers, or minarets, stood at the corners. In accordance with the traditions of Islam , verses from the Quran were inscribed in calligraphy on the arched entrances to the mausoleum, in addition to numerous other sections of the complex.

Inside the mausoleum, an octagonal marble chamber adorned with carvings and semi-precious stones housed the cenotaph, or false tomb, of Mumtaz Mahal. The real sarcophagus containing her actual remains lay below, at garden level.

The rest of the Taj Mahal complex included a main gateway of red sandstone and a square garden divided into quarters by long pools of water, as well as a red sandstone mosque and an identical building called a jawab (or “mirror”) directly across from the mosque. Traditional Mughal building practice would allow no future alterations to be made to the complex.

As the story goes, Shah Jahan intended to build a second grand mausoleum across the Yamuna River from the Taj Mahal, where his own remains would be buried when he died; the two structures were to have been connected by a bridge.

In fact, Aurangzeb (Shah Jahan’s third son with Mumtaz Mahal) deposed his ailing father in 1658 and took power himself. Shah Jahan lived out the last years of his life under house arrest in a tower of the Red Fort at Agra, with a view of the majestic resting place he had constructed for his wife; when he died in 1666, he was buried next to her.

Taj Mahal Over the Years

Under Aurangzeb’s long rule (1658-1707), the Mughal empire reached the height of its strength. However, his militant Muslim policies, including the destruction of many Hindu temples and shrines, undermined the enduring strength of the empire and led to its demise by the mid-18th century.

Even as Mughal power crumbled, the Taj Mahal suffered from neglect and disrepair in the two centuries after Shah Jahan’s death. Near the turn of the 19th century, Lord Curzon, then British viceroy of India, ordered a major restoration of the mausoleum complex as part of a colonial effort to preserve India’s artistic and cultural heritage.

Today, some 3 million people a year (or around 45,000 a day during peak tourist season) visit the Taj Mahal.

Air pollution from nearby factories and automobiles poses a continual threat to the mausoleum’s gleaming white marble façade, and in 1998, India’s Supreme Court ordered a number of anti-pollution measures to protect the building from deterioration. Some factories were closed, while vehicular traffic was banned from the immediate vicinity of the complex.

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• From UNESCO

An immense mausoleum of white marble, built in Agra between 1631 and 1648 by order of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favourite wife, the Taj Mahal is the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.

Outstanding Universal Value

Brief synthesis.

The Taj Mahal is located on the right bank of the Yamuna River in a vast Mughal garden that encompasses nearly 17 hectares, in the Agra District in Uttar Pradesh. It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal with construction starting in 1632 AD and completed in 1648 AD, with the mosque, the guest house and the main gateway on the south, the outer courtyard and its cloisters were added subsequently and completed in 1653 AD. The existence of several historical and Quaranic inscriptions in Arabic script have facilitated setting the chronology of Taj Mahal. For its construction, masons, stone-cutters, inlayers, carvers, painters, calligraphers, dome builders and other artisans were requisitioned from the whole of the empire and also from the Central Asia and Iran. Ustad-Ahmad Lahori was the main architect of the Taj Mahal.

The Taj Mahal is considered to be the greatest architectural achievement in the whole range of Indo-Islamic architecture. Its recognised architectonic beauty has a rhythmic combination of solids and voids, concave and convex and light shadow; such as arches and domes further increases the aesthetic aspect. The colour combination of lush green scape reddish pathway and blue sky over it show cases the monument in ever changing tints and moods. The relief work in marble and inlay with precious and semi precious stones make it a monument apart. 

The uniqueness of Taj Mahal lies in some truly remarkable innovations carried out by the horticulture planners and architects of Shah Jahan. One such genius planning is the placing of tomb at one end of the quadripartite garden rather than in the exact centre, which added rich depth and perspective to the distant view of the monument. It is also, one of the best examples of raised tomb variety. The tomb is further raised on a square platform with the four sides of the octagonal base of the minarets extended beyond the square at the corners. The top of the platform is reached through a lateral flight of steps provided in the centre of the southern side. The ground plan of the Taj Mahal is in perfect balance of composition, the octagonal tomb chamber in the centre, encompassed by the portal halls and the four corner rooms. The plan is repeated on the upper floor. The exterior of the tomb is square in plan, with chamfered corners. The large double storied domed chamber, which houses the cenotaphs of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan, is a perfect octagon in plan. The exquisite octagonal marble lattice screen encircling both cenotaphs is a piece of superb workmanship. It is highly polished and richly decorated with inlay work. The borders of the frames are inlaid with precious stones representing flowers executed with wonderful perfection. The hues and the shades of the stones used to make the leaves and the flowers appear almost real. The cenotaph of Mumtaz Mahal is in perfect centre of the tomb chamber, placed on a rectangular platform decorated with inlaid flower plant motifs. The cenotaph of Shah Jahan is greater than Mumtaz Mahal and installed more than thirty years later by the side of the latter on its west. The upper cenotaphs are only illusory and the real graves are in the lower tomb chamber (crypt), a practice adopted in the imperial Mughal tombs.

The four free-standing minarets at the corners of the platform added a hitherto unknown dimension to the Mughal architecture. The four minarets provide not only a kind of spatial reference to the monument but also give a three dimensional effect to the edifice. The most impressive in the Taj Mahal complex next to the tomb, is the main gate which stands majestically in the centre of the southern wall of the forecourt. The gate is flanked on the north front by double arcade galleries. The garden in front of the galleries is subdivided into four quarters by two main walk-ways and each quarters in turn subdivided by the narrower cross-axial walkways, on the Timurid-Persian scheme of the walled in garden. The enclosure walls on the east and west have a pavilion at the centre.

The Taj Mahal is a perfect symmetrical planned building, with an emphasis of bilateral symmetry along a central axis on which the main features are placed. The building material used is brick-in-lime mortar veneered with red sandstone and marble and inlay work of precious/semi precious stones. The mosque and the guest house in the Taj Mahal complex are built of red sandstone in contrast to the marble tomb in the centre. Both the buildings have a large platform over the terrace at their front. Both the mosque and the guest house are the identical structures. They have an oblong massive prayer hall consist of three vaulted bays arranged in a row with central dominant portal. The frame of the portal arches and the spandrels are veneered in white marble. The spandrels are filled with flowery arabesques of stone intarsia and the arches bordered with rope molding.

Criterion (i) : Taj Mahal represents the finest architectural and artistic achievement through perfect harmony and excellent craftsmanship in a whole range of Indo-Islamic sepulchral architecture. It is a masterpiece of architectural style in conception, treatment and execution and has unique aesthetic qualities in balance, symmetry and harmonious blending of various elements.

Integrity is maintained in the intactness of tomb, mosque, guest house, main gate and the whole Taj Mahal complex. The physical fabric is in good condition and structural stability, nature of foundation, verticality of the minarets and other constructional aspects of Taj Mahal have been studied and continue to be monitored. To control the impact of deterioration due for atmospheric pollutants, an air control monitoring station is installed to constantly monitor air quality and control decay factors as they arise. To ensure the protection of the setting, the adequate management and enforcement of regulations in the extended buffer zone is needed. In addition, future development for tourist facilities will need to ensure that the functional and visual integrity of the property is maintained, particularly in the relationship with the Agra Fort.

Authenticity

The tomb, mosque, guest house, main gate and the overall Taj Mahal complex have maintained the conditions of authenticity at the time of inscription. Although an important amount of repairs and conservation works have been carried out right from the British period in India these have not compromised to the original qualities of the buildings. Future conservation work will need to follow guidelines that ensure that qualities such as form and design continue to be preserved.

Protection and management requirements

The management of Taj Mahal complex is carried out by the Archaeological Survey of India and the legal protection of the monument and the control over the regulated area around the monument is through the various legislative and regulatory frameworks that have been established, including the Ancient Monument and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958 and Rules 1959 Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation); which is adequate to the overall administration of the property and buffer areas. Additional supplementary laws ensure the protection of the property in terms of development in the surroundings. An area of 10,400 sq km around the Taj Mahal is defined to protect the monument from pollution. The Supreme Court of India in December, 1996, delivered a ruling banning use of coal/coke in industries located in the Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ) and switching over to natural gas or relocating them outside the TTZ. The TTZ comprises of 40 protected monuments including three World Heritage Sites - Taj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri.

The fund provided by the federal government is adequate for the buffer areas. The fund provided by the federal government is adequate for the overall conservation, preservation and maintenance of the complex to supervise activities at the site under the guidance of the Superintending Archaeologist of the Agra Circle. The implementation of an Integrated Management plan is necessary to ensure that the property maintains the existing conditions, particularly in the light of significant pressures derived from visitation that will need to be adequately managed. The Management plan should also prescribe adequate guidelines for proposed infrastructure development and establish a comprehensive Public Use plan.  

Taj Mahal (initially named Rauza-i-Munavvara, ‘the Illumined Tomb’) is one of the most iconic contributions to the landscape of architecture by the Mughals. Its construction was commissioned by Shah Jahan in 1632 as the burial site for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal was built on land bought from a high-ranking noble. It is situated next to the river Jamuna in the city of Agra, India. The responsibility of planning and building the monument was given to the architects, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri and Mir Abdul Karim with Makramat Khan as the administrator. Across the world, the Taj Mahal is understood to be symbolic of undying love. The mausoleum was declared a world heritage site in 1983. 

Prince Khurram (the future Shah Jahan) succeeded his father, Jahangir as the Emperor. He ruled for thirty years (r 1628-1658). Shah Jahan married Arjumand Banu Begum after having been engaged to her for five years. Arjumand later took the name of Mumtaz Mahal. She soon became his constant companion, accompanying him on all his military campaigns until her death in 1631. The queen was buried temporarily in a garden in Burhanpur, where she had died; six months later her body was interred and moved to Agra at a site chosen for her mausoleum. Shah Jahan outlived his wife, dying in 1666. The last eight years of his life, however, were not spent In the luxuries of the imperial court but in the lonely confines of the Agra fort, where he was imprisoned by his son, Aurangzeb. The fort overlooked the Taj Mahal, where, upon his death, he was interred next to Mumtaz Mahal.

The Tomb-garden is comprised of two main parts: a cross-axial, char bagh styled garden and a platform on which the Maqbara is placed. The style of the Tomb was influenced by Persian-Safavid domes and elements from Ottoman and Indian architecture. It also has been inspired by Timurid and Mughal buildings such as Gur-e-Amir, Tomb of Timur in Samarkand and the Jama Masjid in Delhi. The striking difference is that earlier Mughal buildings were built using red sandstone whereas Taj Mahal is entirely made of white marble and semi-precious stones.

The central feature of the complex is the Tomb which contains the cenotaphs of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal. They are enclosed by an intricately carved marble screen called jali, whose surface is detailed with patterns of fruits, flowers and vines. Each casket is embedded with precious and semiprecious gemstones, as well as calligraphic inscriptions. The inner dome is surmounted by an outer dome which is emphasized by four small chattris at its corners. The complex is surrounded by red sandstone walls on three sides leaving the river-facing side open. Unlike most Mughal gardens which are rectilinear in shape featuring a tomb in the centre, the garden of Taj Mahal leads up to the Tomb instead of surrounding it.

© E. de Gracia Camara

Author: E. de Gracia Camara

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

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A girl gazes across the Lotus Pool toward the marble dome of the Taj Mahal.

India's Taj Mahal Is a Monument to Love

The famous tourist destination still has plenty to offer.

"The Taj Mahal shows three faces,” says Nicholas Wapshott, a British writer, journalist, and father. “In the early morning, it is floating in mist, as though sitting on clouds, like a heavenly place. In the middle of the day, the heat is searing, and it’s crowded. You see the Taj Mahal flat on. In the evening, or if you’re lucky enough to be there during a full moon, the white-marble building glistens and shimmers. Once children see the Taj Mahal, they will constantly look at the setting of any building relative to the time of day. It will change the way they see all other buildings from then on.”

A UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the new seven wonders of the world, the Taj is the icon of India . Even children cannot help but set their expectations high for a visit.

Wapshott’s son Oliver, 21, learned about the Taj as a young boy. When his mom, Louise Nicholson, author and lifelong India specialist, returned to London from trips to India, she shared photos and stories with him.

“From the time he could speak, he always called it the ‘Haj Matal’ and drew it at school when everyone else’s favorite building was Buckingham Palace or Big Ben,” his mother recalls.

Oliver’s dream of visiting the Taj Mahal was realized when he was seven, on a hot April day during a trip with his parents and brother.

“A lot of times, visiting these great monuments is anticlimatic, but the Taj Mahal lived up to, and even exceeded, my expectations,” Wapshott says. “There was a feeling that the spirit of the building was still alive, like the original intention of the building—as a symbol of love—was still there.”

The love story behind the Taj: In 1628, Shah Jahan became ruler of the Mughal Empire. His favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal (which means “chosen one of the palace”), was his loyal travel companion. In 1631, while accompanying Shah Jahan on a military campaign to expand the empire into South India, she died in Burhanpur after giving birth to her 13th child.

Grief-stricken, the emperor went into mourning and threw himself into creating a monument to their love. In 1631, construction on the Taj Mahal began. Materials from various regions of India, Central Asia, and the Middle East were brought to Agra, and thousands of workers labored more than 20 years until the structure was completed.

“One of the most magical aspects of the Taj Mahal, and one few visitors take advantage of, is the view of it from across the river,” says Divay Gupta, director of programs for the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage. At Agra Fort, for example, children will appreciate seeing the Taj from across the Yamuna River, just as Shah Jahan did during the last years of his life, after he was overthrown by his son and imprisoned there.

To enter the Taj Mahal complex, visitors must pass through security (do not take anything with you besides cash for tickets and a camera) and make their way to the entry gate, where they first glimpse the Taj Mahal. Wide paths lead to the raised platform in the middle of the garden, then to the mausoleum.

Gupta suggests taking a detour to show children the Taj from a different perspective. “Meander through the garden. It offers very interesting views of the Taj, perhaps what it looked like in the Mughal era. The present clear view and lawns were a British invention; it was otherwise in a thick, wooded area,” he says.

Rebecca Sullivan, an Australian who lived with her family in Mumbai from 2009 to 2011, says that her daughters enjoyed roaming the large grounds and suggests that kids take their own photos.

“The apparent obsession with symmetry in the Taj is easily captured and observed by kids if they have a digital camera. They also can capture the iconic image of the Taj reflected in the water of the pool,” she says. Rebecca’s daughters were impressed by the scale of the mausoleum and by touching the marble and inlaid stones. Eight-year-old Emma says she particularly remembers, “the special boxes where they were buried together forever.”

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In the completely symmetrical Taj Mahal complex, the tombs are the only nonsymmetrical components. Mumtaz Mahal’s resting place lies at the center of the mausoleum, and when Shah Jahan died in 1666, his tomb was placed to his wife’s right. “When we saw the tomb, everyone was silent,” Oliver recalls. “While it’s touristy, it felt very religious as well.”

Know Before You Go

Fast facts:.

• The acoustics inside the main dome, which soars to 240 feet, can cause the single note of a flute to echo five times.
• The meticulously engineered and decorated Taj Mahal required 22 years of labor by 20,000 workers. And more than 1,000 elephants were deployed to carry construction materials.
• In 1648, Shah Jahan moved the capital of the Mughal Empire to Delhi. Despite his devotion to Mumtaz Mahal, he likely did not visit the Taj Mahal again and only saw it from his prison at Agra Fort, after his son Aurangzeb usurped the throne.

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Taj Mahal: The symphony of love

Incredible india.

Ministry of Tourism, Government of India

The Taj Mahal, the most prominent monument of India, stands as a timeless symbol of love. Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, the creator of the Taj Mahal, said it made “the sun and the moon shed tears from their eyes”. Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore described it as a “teardrop on the cheek of eternity.”

Every year thousands of tourists from across the world make a beeline for this breathtakingly ethereal marble monument. It is considered the most beautiful building ever constructed.

The Taj was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan as a memorial for his deceased wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is one of the seven wonders of the world and is the pride of not just Agra but also of India. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Taj features in almost all literature about India and is one of the most enduring images of the country.

Its name is believed to have been drawn from Persian: ‘taj’ meaning crown and ‘mahal’ meaning palace, thus making this the ‘palace of the crown’. Interestingly, the queen in whose memory it was built, originally named Arjumand Begum, held the name ‘Mumtaz Mahal’, meaning ‘the crown of the palace’.

View: The Burial Chamber The Taj Mahal is known as a monument of love and a grieving emperor’s ode to his beloved deceased queen. Another legend considers the Taj as an embodiment of Shah Jahan’s vision of kingship. The story goes that he sought to build something akin to heaven on earth, a spectacular and unbelievably beautiful monument that reinforced the power, as well as the perceived divinity of the monarch, as next only to the Almighty.

It is also widely believed that emperor Shah Jahan invited artisans from Italy and Persia to work on this marble monument, and that Ustad Ahmad Lahori was the chief of the project, while Ustad Isa made the site plan. The calligraphic work has been credited to Amanat Ali Khan Shirazi and Ran Mahal, from Kashmir, designed the gardens.

A fascinating aspect of this structure is that it looks the same from all sides, except the one facing River Yamuna. That side is said to have been especially embellished to serve as the main entrance for the emperor. Shah Jahan would approach the Taj Mahal from the river, aboard a barge, while the entrance presently used by tourists served soldiers and commoners.

The Taj features intricate inscriptions on all four entrances, while marble carvings and pietra dura mosaics adorn the walls. Lapis-lazuli, cornelian, mother of pearl, agate and emerald are some of the precious gems and stones that were once used in its design.

It is said that work on the Taj Mahal’s construction began in 1631 by the banks of River Yamuna. Legend has it that it took 20 years to complete this architectural marvel! It is also riddled with optical illusions and masterful architectural safeguards.

As one first beholds the monument from the main gate, the Taj looks large and imposing, but as you move closer, it appears to shrink in size.

The minarets surrounding the edifice, while perfectly upright to the naked eye, have actually been constructed to lean away from the main structure. Should a disaster like an earthquake come about, the minarets would fall away and not affect the mausoleum.

The towering Great Gate, or Darwaza-e-rauza, of the Taj Mahal is a preview to the splendour of the monument, which can be seen framed by its arched entrance. Made of red sandstone, with inlays of white marble and Koranic text in black marble, the two-toned gate is a sight to behold.

Lying on the fringes of the western gardens of Taj Mahal, the Taj Museum is housed inside the Jal Mahal. Bordered by neatly-manicured lawns, the two-storey museum was established in 1982. Stroll along the shaded pathways and enjoy this historical treat that gives you an insight into the heritage of the Taj.

The Taj Museum boasts of arts and artefacts used in the construction of the iconic monument. The walls are adorned with paintings that depict architectural plans of the Taj. An interesting display is of celadon plates that are said to break or change colour if poisonous food was served on them. Don't miss the display of gold and silver coins minted at the time.

The Mehmaan Khana, or guest house, flanks the Taj Mahal on the east. It is a sprawling structure of red sandstone and is accentuated by beautiful marble inlays. A good spot to appreciate the symmetry of the Taj, one can get a frontal view of the monument from the Mehmaan Khana’s entrance.

Resembling the Mehmaan Khana in architecture, the Kau Ban Mosque lies to the west of the Taj Mahal. Built facing Mecca, the mosque is made of red sandstone. It boasts a dominant portal called an Iwan, on either side of which lie two smaller arches.

The Taj Mahal preserves its grandeur in its almost perfect symmetry, a fact reiterated by its series of windows, which are a fine example of Islamic art and architecture. The windows make up an intricate screen of marble-cut lattice work and add to the glory of the monument.

Virtual Tour courtesy Archaeological Survey of India

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Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India

The Taj Mahal is an opulent, world-famous mausoleum in Agra, India and a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Sarah Roller

24 nov 2020, @sarahroller8.

About Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal is an iconic structure and a UNESCO World Heritage site in the city of Agra in India.

History of the Taj Mahal

Built between 1631 and 1654, the construction of the Taj Mahal was ordered by the ruling emperor Shah Jahan as a mausoleum for his favourite wife, Empress Mumtaz Mahal.

The Empress had died in 1631 whilst giving birth to the couple’s fourteenth child, Gauhara Begum and her jade and jasper adorned coffin was placed in the centre of the Taj Mahal, although her body and that of her husband (buried there later) are actually contained several floors below.

The white marble structure of the Taj Mahal, with its central dome flanked by arches and smaller domes as well as minarets is famed for its incredible symmetry and opulent design. Inside, the Taj Mahal is lavishly decorated with plant life imagery and Koranic calligraphy, each aspect of which is entirely individual. In fact, it is believed that approximately 20,000 workers toiled to create the Taj Mahal.

Nearby are several other beautiful buildings, including the Taj Mahal’s mosque and the Jilaukhana gated complex, all of which add to the overall symmetry of the site.

Some of the Taj Mahal’s original decoration has been looted over the centuries and the white colour structure is suffering from the effects of pollution. 

The Taj Mahal today

The Taj Mahal remains one of the most visited sites in the world, and it’s always busy. Many Western tourists go for sunrise – on a clear day the dawn light gives the marble a beautiful warm glow to it, and the mist rising off the river adds to the atmosphere. The Indian writer Rabindranath Tagore described the Taj Mahal as being  “ like a solitary tear suspended on the cheek of time” and it truly is a brilliant sight. Sunrise or sunset are also widely regarded as the best time to get photographs, as well as the most pleasant temperatures. There is little shade and it can be exhausting under the hot Indian sun. 

The complex itself is huge, and takes several hours to explore fully. – don’t miss the adjoining mosque and museum on site too. The gardens are extremely peaceful: look out for the gardeners cutting the lawns by hand.

Getting to the Taj Mahal

Some visitors simply go to Agra for the day from Delhi (the train is about 3 hours each way), but in reality it’s worth basing yourself here for a couple of days so you can make the most of what the city has to offer. If you plan on getting to the Taj Mahal for sunrise or sunset, you’ll probably also want a place to stay.

The Taj is right by the river, slightly to the east of the centre of Agra. Tuk tuks or taxis will get you there in 20 minutes or so.

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The Taj Mahal

The location, paradise on earth, the gardens, what the taj mahal represents.

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The Taj Mahal: A Timeless Wonder and Symbol of Eternal Love

• June 19, 2023
• Views: 3602

The Taj Mahal, a magnificent architectural marvel located in Agra, India, stands as a testament to the enduring love of Emperor Shah Jahan for his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. This awe-inspiring monument has captivated people from all corners of the globe with its timeless beauty and rich history. In this article, we will delve into the mystique surrounding the Taj Mahal and explore its captivating features, historical significance, and enduring legacy.

Table of Contents

The origins of taj mahal.

The Taj Mahal, one of the most renowned architectural masterpieces in the world, was indeed commissioned by Emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century. The emperor ordered its construction as a mausoleum to honor the memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who tragically died while giving birth. The construction of this iconic monument commenced in 1632 and required nearly 20 years to reach its completion in 1653.

The Taj Mahal was conceptualized and designed by the esteemed architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. It is believed that Shah Jahan drew inspiration from various architectural styles, blending elements of Persian, Islamic, and Indian designs to create this majestic structure. The monument stands as a testament to the remarkable craftsmanship and artistic vision of its builders and artisans.

Constructed primarily out of white marble, the Taj Mahal showcases intricate detailing and exquisite craftsmanship. Its symmetrical layout and meticulous precision in its design are awe-inspiring. The central feature is the main mausoleum, housing the tombs of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal. Four elegant minarets grace each corner of the platform, adding to its grandeur.

The Taj Mahal is renowned for its picturesque beauty, especially during sunrise and sunset when the sunlight casts a mesmerizing glow upon its gleaming white facade. The reflection of the monument in the surrounding reflecting pools, known as the Charbagh gardens, further enhances its ethereal charm.

Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site, the Taj Mahal stands as an enduring symbol of love, devotion, and architectural brilliance. It continues to captivate millions of visitors from around the globe who come to witness its magnificence and pay homage to its historical significance.

The Architectural Splendor

The Taj Mahal is a masterpiece of Mughal architecture, blending various architectural styles including Persian, Islamic, and Indian influences. The monument is made entirely of white marble, reflecting a sense of purity and elegance. Its symmetrical layout and meticulous detailing make it a visual delight.

Symbolism and Design

The design of the Taj Mahal is rich in symbolism, each element carefully crafted to convey deeper meanings. Let’s explore the symbolic significance of its key features:

• Central Dome: The central dome of the Taj Mahal is an architectural marvel. It symbolizes the celestial realm, representing the heavens and the eternal abode of Mumtaz Mahal, the beloved wife of Emperor Shah Jahan.
• Four Minarets: Rising gracefully from the corners of the main structure, the four minarets hold symbolic significance. They represent the four corners of the world, symbolizing the global reach and influence of the Mughal Empire during its zenith.
• Intricate Carvings: The walls of the Taj Mahal are adorned with exquisite carvings and intricate patterns. These carvings are not merely decorative but carry profound symbolism. They depict verses from the Quran, sacred Islamic texts, and evoke a sense of divine beauty and spiritual devotion.
• Calligraphy: Skillfully woven into the intricate carvings, calligraphy plays a vital role in the Taj Mahal’s symbolism. The verses from the Quran inscribed on the walls are a testament to the Islamic faith and convey messages of love, unity, and devotion.
• Floral Motifs: The Taj Mahal is adorned with delicate floral motifs, crafted with precision and finesse. These motifs symbolize abundance, beauty, and the ephemeral nature of life. They serve as a reminder of the transient nature of human existence and the enduring beauty of love.

The amalgamation of these symbolic elements creates a harmonious and awe-inspiring visual experience for visitors. The Taj Mahal’s design transcends its architectural brilliance and becomes a profound representation of love, spirituality, and cultural heritage.

Meticulous Craftsmanship

The Taj Mahal showcases exceptional craftsmanship. Skilled artisans from across the Mughal Empire were involved in its construction. The delicate marble inlay work, known as “pietra dura,” is a testament to their expertise. The use of semi-precious stones such as jasper, jade, and turquoise enhances the beauty of the monument.

The Love Story Behind Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal stands as a symbol of eternal love. Emperor Shah Jahan was deeply devastated by the death of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. He dedicated this grand monument to immortalize their love. The Taj Mahal serves as a poignant reminder of the power of love and the enduring bond between two souls.

Taj Mahal’s Historical Significance

Beyond its romantic significance, the Taj Mahal holds immense historical importance. It reflects the rich cultural heritage of the Mughal Empire and their contributions to art, architecture, and literature. The monument serves as a historical landmark, shedding light on the opulence and grandeur of the Mughal era.

Taj Mahal: A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Recognizing its outstanding universal value, the Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. This prestigious accolade highlights the monument’s significance and the need for its preservation for future generations to appreciate and admire.

Taj Mahal’s Impact on Tourism

The Taj Mahal is a major tourist attraction, drawing millions of visitors from around the world each year. Its timeless beauty and architectural splendor leave an indelible impression on all who behold it. The tourism industry in Agra thrives due to the monument, generating employment opportunities and economic growth for the region.

Preservation Efforts

Preserving the Taj Mahal is of paramount importance. Over the years, pollution and environmental factors have taken a toll on the monument’s pristine white marble. The Indian government and various organizations have undertaken conservation efforts to protect and restore this iconic structure, ensuring its longevity.

Fascinating Legends and Myths

The Taj Mahal is shrouded in fascinating legends and myths. From tales of hidden treasure to romantic folklore, these stories add an air of mystery and intrigue to the monument. Exploring these legends can further enhance the experience of visiting the Taj Mahal.

Visiting the Taj Mahal

Visitors to the Taj Mahal can immerse themselves in its grandeur and beauty. From walking through the majestic entrance gate to marveling at the intricate details of the marble façade, every step reveals new wonders. The serene gardens and reflective pool add to the overall enchantment of the site.

Experiencing the Taj Mahal at Different Times

The Taj Mahal offers a different experience depending on the time of day. At sunrise, the monument is bathed in a soft, golden glow, while at sunset, the marble changes color, reflecting hues of orange and pink. The ethereal beauty of the Taj Mahal under the moonlight is a sight to behold.

The Taj Mahal in Popular Culture

The Taj Mahal’s iconic status has made it a popular subject in literature, music, and films. Its beauty and symbolism have inspired countless artists and writers worldwide. The monument’s enduring presence in popular culture further amplifies its mystique and allure.

Taj Mahal: Inspiration for Other Monuments

The Taj Mahal’s architectural excellence and timeless beauty have influenced the design of numerous monuments around the world. Its iconic dome, minarets, and intricate detailing have become a source of inspiration for architects and designers, leaving an indelible mark on architectural history.

The Taj Mahal stands as an eternal symbol of love, beauty, and architectural brilliance. Its majestic presence has enraptured the hearts of millions, transcending time and borders. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it serves as a testament to human ingenuity and the power of love’s enduring legacy.

How much does it cost to visit the Taj Mahal?

The entry fee for visiting the Taj Mahal varies for domestic and foreign tourists. As of 2023, the ticket price for foreign tourists is approximately USD 20.

Can visitors enter the Taj Mahal at night?

No, the Taj Mahal is not open for night visits except during special events. However, visitors can witness the Taj Mahal’s enchanting beauty during sunrise and sunset.

Are there any restrictions on photography inside the Taj Mahal?

Photography is allowed in most areas of the Taj Mahal complex, except for the main mausoleum. However, the use of tripods and professional photography equipment requires prior permission.

Is there a dress code for visiting the Taj Mahal?

Visitors are advised to dress modestly and respectfully. It is recommended to avoid revealing clothing and to dress comfortably for the weather, as the monument is located in a hot climate.

Are there any nearby attractions to visit along with the Taj Mahal?

Agra, the city where the Taj Mahal is located, offers several other attractions worth exploring. These include Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, and the Tomb of Itimad-ud-Daulah.

In conclusion, the Taj Mahal continues to captivate visitors with its enigmatic charm and breathtaking beauty. Its intricate architecture, rich history, and enduring love story make it a must-visit destination for travelers seeking an unforgettable experience. Plan your visit to this iconic wonder and immerse yourself in the mystique of the Taj Mahal.

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13 Things To Know Before Visiting The Taj Mahal

W hen it comes to truly great monuments, it doesn't get much more iconic than the ivory-white marble, and satisfying symmetry, of the Taj Mahal. Perched on the banks of the river Yamuna in Agra, India, countless tourists flock to its gates each year, for an all-important glimpse of what is often heralded as the most beautiful building in the world. Some 20,000 of the most skilled craftsmen from India and Central Asia worked on this ornate masterpiece, featuring thousands of sparkling semi-precious stones, among other delicate materials.

You've probably spotted it in pictures any number of times, but experiencing the allure of the Taj Mahal in person is nothing short of otherworldly. It's a must-see UNESCO World Heritage Site , which it became in 1983, and was even declared the winner of the New7Wonders of the World initiative in 2007. But before you visit in the flesh, it's a good idea to get familiar with everything there is to know about the famous "monument of love". From how much tickets cost and where to snap the best picture, to the ideal time of day to arrive, here's how to make the most of your once-in-a-lifetime trip.

Read more: 28 Bucket List Destinations That Everyone Needs To Experience At Least Once

It's Pretty Convenient To Visit

Standing tall and proud in the bustling city of Agra, the Taj Mahal is about four hours north of the country's capital, Delhi. Agra is the most populated state in India, which means there are multiple different options for getting here. The fastest route to the Taj Mahal would be to fly. If you're already in India, your best bet is to arrive at Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Airport, in Agra — just over 4 miles from the city center. But if you're coming from outside of the country, the nearest major airport is the Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi.

From here, Agra is easy enough to reach by train. You'll want to arrive at Agra Cantt Railway Station, with several superfast, express trains running to and from all the major cities, including Mumbai, Kolkata, and Delhi. If you'd prefer to take the bus, Agra also has a well-developed road network, which you can access from various nearby hubs, including Delhi, Jaipur, and Varanasi. Just make sure you come into the Idgah Bus Stand in Agra — the main bus terminal.

Whichever transport method you choose, you'll need to take a taxi or an auto-rickshaw to reach the Taj Mahal from Agra's center. Be sure to haggle with the driver to avoid paying hefty tourist prices, especially since they won't be able to drop you right outside the Taj Mahal. Vehicles aren't allowed within 500 meters (1640 feet) of the monument because of pollution concerns.

You Can't Visit On Fridays

From sunrise to sunset, on almost every day of the week, you're free to soak up the Taj Mahal in all its splendor — except on Fridays, when it's closed to allow practicing Muslims to worship. You might want to pass up on a weekend visit, too, just to avoid the huge swathes of crowds at every turn.

Settle on an early-morning strategy , or go for a "last thing at night" visit — the Taj opens 30 minutes before sunrise and closes 30 minutes before sunset. Sunrise is truly magical, thanks to a warm glow descending over its pristine white marble. And with fewer people around, you'll likely have the space and time to fully appreciate all of the monument's intricacies, without distraction. Before sunset is just as rewarding, as the changing colors of the sky create an exquisite backdrop.

There isn't exactly a best time to visit India — each season comes with its pros and cons — but think about your priorities. If you prefer cooler temperatures, visit in the winter, between October and March. Just remember that you'll have to contend with thousands of other tourists with the same idea. Plus, it can get foggy, which may obscure your view. April to May will be hot and humid, but there will be fewer tourists around. That leaves June to September — monsoon season. You may get caught in a downpour, but even fewer visitors are prepared to brave it during this time, and accommodation prices are much cheaper.

It Took Around 20 Years To Build

Visiting a historic monument is never quite the same if you don't know the full story, so don't plan this trip of a lifetime without doing your homework first. You'll find that understanding the history gives you a much deeper respect for the Taj Mahal, and allows you to really take in all that this immense structure has to offer.

To give you a little background, the iconic monument we all know and love was commissioned by the fifth Mughal Emperor, Shah Jahan, as a memorial for his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal -- she died during childbirth in 1631. The building process was started almost immediately after her tragic death and took around 20 years to complete. As well as incredible white marble from the Indian state of Rajasthan, materials for the Taj Mahal were sought from all over the world, including turquoise from Tibet, white sapphire from Sri Lanka, and jade imported from China. Around 1,000 elephants were also thought to be involved in the construction process, transporting these special materials across borders, and helping to lay them in place.

When the Taj Mahal was finally finished in 1653, there were rumors that the thousands of laborers who helped create it had their thumbs chopped off, so that no such monument could ever be built again! Whether this holds true or not, the Emperor was also buried here after he died in 1666, alongside his beloved wife.

You Need To Wear Shoe Covers

A visit to the Taj Mahal can feel a little overwhelming and be a lot to take in. So much so that it may be easy to forget it's also a mausoleum — the final resting place of the Emperor and his true love. It's really important to be respectful of the rules around the monument, including covering your shoes when you go into the burial chamber.

While most temples in India require you to take off your shoes completely, the Taj Mahal simply asks tourists to use shoe covers, which are given to you in a fetching light blue shade, at the ticket booth when you arrive. These are used to prevent dust particles from being tracked into the mausoleum and to keep its marble-clad surfaces as shiny and clean as possible. On your way out of the Taj Mahal, be sure to put these disposable shoe covers, and any rubbish that you have, in the trash cans provided. Sadly, the world-famous monument has suffered from plagues of litter in recent years.

Tickets Cost More For International Tourists

Don't be surprised to see that domestic tourists pay much less for the privilege of gawking at the Taj Mahal. Indian citizens are charged 50 rupees (approximately $0.70), while foreign visitors must pay 1,100 rupees ($15.50). You'll need to part with even more money if you want to go inside the mausoleum itself — there's an additional 200 rupee fee ($2.50), but it's worth it. Plus, the foreign tourists' ticket comes with shoe covers, a water bottle, a map, as well as a bus or golf cart service, which takes you to the nearest gate. A real lifesaver in Agra's blistering heat. Bear in mind that your ticket is valid for one visit only, but gives you three blissful hours to explore the Taj Mahal.

If you plan to buy your ticket on-site, there are separate counters for domestic and foreign tourists, so be sure to line up accordingly. Both of these booths are likely to be busy with long, snaking queues, which is why it's sensible to arrive as early in the day as you can. In fact, your best bet is to line up at the South Gate and avoid the very busy East Gate at all costs. Or, simply buy your tickets online beforehand.

You Should Know And Respect The Rules

As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, every visitor must follow certain rules and regulations inside the Taj Mahal, which have been put in place to protect its magnificence. For example, at no point should you touch the marble, or any other material inside the complex, because it could lead to erosion. As it is, each surface needs special, round-the-clock care to ensure its beauty is preserved for future generations.

Littering and smoking are also not allowed within the Taj Mahal, so make sure you do your bit to dispose of empty water bottles, and other trash, in the bins outside. If your entrance ticket allows you into the mausoleum, remember not to take any photos here and to be as quiet and respectful as you can. This houses the tomb of Emperor Shah Jahan and his wife -- for whom thousands of Muslims make the journey each year to pay their respects.

Dress Appropriately

You won't find an enforced dress code for the Taj Mahal, but it's always important to be a respectful tourist when visiting India . So, treat the monument like you would any other temple or mosque on your travels. This means keeping your shoulders and everything above your knees covered, as a sign of respect. Sure, you'll notice some foreigners wearing shorts and tank tops, but don't be swept up in this. It's often seen as disrespectful and will only invite unwanted stares.

The best thing to do is play it safe with longer, flowing trousers to keep you covered and cool, as well as kaftans or shawls to hide your shoulders. For guys, wear an overshirt on your top half and a pair of shorts that ideally go down to your knees, or play it safe with full-length pants. If you're feeling exotic, it's possible to rent traditional Indian clothes for your visit, such as a saree or a kurta pajamabut, but expect to pay extra for the privilege.

Leave These Things At Home

A dress code might not be enforced, per se, but the Taj Mahal has some pretty strict rules about what can be brought into the monument. To save yourself the hassle, avoid carrying a backpack (or anything larger than a small bag), any type of food or drink (even if it's sealed), tobacco products, drones, books, mobile phone chargers, GoPros, headphones, batteries, and tripods. And don't bother trying to sneak any one of these items in, either. The guards at security points really dig through your bag and follow a pretty elaborate frisk procedure for each person.

If you really must have one of these items on you for the day, there are lockers available at the East and West Gates that you can store them in. Having said that, it's much easier just to leave forbidden items at home, so be selective when packing your bag. Bring only your camera and your phone with you, but keep the latter on silent mode in the mausoleum.

Get A Guide

For some of the world's most iconic monuments, it could be seen as a waste of money to hire a tour guide. But not the Taj Mahal. Having an expert at your fingertips will really bring the structure to life for you, with stories, and interesting facts you might not hear otherwise. Not to mention be your own personal photographer, and of course, help you with all the best angles for these pictures. There really isn't much information within the complex itself, so it's a bit of a no-brainer. But where do you find the best guide, and how much should it cost?

If you're staying in a hotel nearby, reception staff usually have good contacts with extremely knowledgeable locals. In most cases, they'll be able to offer you a good deal. Or, you could book directly on a local tour guide website, ensuring your hard-earned money goes to a good home. Expect to pay around 2,000 rupees ($25) for a tour guide per day, but if you just want someone to show you around the monument for three hours, you're looking at somewhere near the 1,500 rupee mark ($18). These prices increase dramatically for the pushy kind of guide who lingers outside the Taj Mahal waiting for tourists. So, it goes without saying — book in advance for less stress on the day itself. If you do decide to go with a guide when you arrive, ask them for an approved identity card before you begin.

Where To Take The Best Pictures

The signature shot of the Taj Mahal (the one doing the rounds on social media) is on the approach from the South Gate. You know the one — with a reflection of its world-famous domes in the turquoise fountain, and the majestic white marble of the mausoleum providing the most perfect of backdrops. But it's nearly impossible to get a clear photo here, without other tourists straying into view. So, take your chance and snap away as soon as you arrive — it'll only get busier later on.

If you can't quite get that quintessential shot at this stage, don't be disheartened. There are plenty of other opportunities. What's more, the Taj Mahal is perfectly symmetrical, providing nearly identical views from multiple vantage points. With this in mind, explore the complex as you go and get creative, looking for new angles. One of the most underrated of these is from the mosque on the west side of the mausoleum. It provides the real money shot, and with far fewer people to contend with, too. Who could say no to red-sandstone scalloped archways, providing the most perfect frame for the undisputed star of the show — the mausoleum? Time it for the break of day at sunrise or just before nightfall at sunset, and you're onto a real winner.

Visit The Other Sites, Too

Sure, the main draw of the Taj Mahal is the ivory-white marble of its mausoleum, but there's an entire complex to explore aside from this, so don't miss out. Start with Chowk-i-Jilo Khana forecourt, which houses the main entrance. It's a stunningly beautiful, arched gateway, topped with delicate domes and adorned with floral designs. Next, make your way to the Charbagh, which means four gardens. Prepare yourself for breathtaking views as you walk through Chowk-i-Jilo Khana gateway and into this tranquil space, split into four quadrants by waterways. These gardens are reminiscent of the Koranic description of Paradise — rivers flowing with water, milk, wine, and honey — and a classic sign of the Mughal era.

As you keep moving, you'll come across the aforementioned red-sandstone mosque on the west side, and a perfect replica of it on the east side. This completes the architectural symmetry of the complex and provides a few alternative vantage points for photos. Lastly, if you have time, take in the museum, which is open between 10:30 a.m. and 5 p.m. It's brimming with exquisite miniature paintings, two marble pillars believed to have come from nearby Agra Fort, and portraits of Mughal rulers. This includes those of Emperor Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal, lying in the mausoleum just a few steps away.

Expect Photo Requests

If you've explored other parts of India, you'll be well-equipped to deal with it by now. But if the Taj Mahal is your first stop in this truly magnificent country, prepare for a multitude of photo requests. This is especially true if you're tall, have pale skin, and fair hair — characteristics that tend to draw a lot of attention. From whole family photos to couples pictures, locals and Indian tourists will likely be very excited to see you in their country, and may even queue up for their chance to take a snap with you.

Unsurprisingly, this can become quite tiring, not to mention take you away from the experience at hand. But 9 times out of 10, these requests come with no malice, so don't be afraid. In fact, it's seen as a gesture of friendship. If this sounds a little strange to you, it may help to understand that many Indians don't have much exposure to fair-skinned foreigners, or may never have traveled outside India before. Having said this, it's perfectly fine to politely refuse, if you're not comfortable. Otherwise, get stuck in and enjoy meeting plenty of friendly and enthusiastic locals.

Where To Stay In Agra

It's common for tourists to visit Agra on a day trip from Delhi. But just because it's possible, doesn't mean it's the best use of time. For one thing, it makes visiting the Taj Mahal for sunrise or sunset a tall order — and you don't want to miss that. So, if time allows, try to stay at least one night in Agra to make the most of this very special monument. From budget guesthouses to royal suites with unbeatable views of the Taj, it may be comforting to know that Agra has no shortage of places to lay your head with options to suit every budget.

Taj Ganj is one of the best spots in the city, perched right next to the Taj Mahal itself. In fact, it's the closest area that you can stay to the structure, offering a range of hotels, guesthouses, and hostels. It's also a popular spot for restaurants, with a rich dining hub serving North Indian and Mughlai cuisine. The area is also dotted with craft shops selling carved Taj Mahal replicas, marble inlay work, and semi-precious stones. If you're looking for something fancier, journey just a short distance away to Fatehabad Road. This area is renowned for its upscale hotels and plush, luxury resorts, many of which offer breathtaking views of the monument from deluxe suite rooms and rooftop restaurant terraces.

Read the original article on Explore .

Delving into the soul of Agra, through Parchin Kari

In the city of the Taj Mahal, history, hospitality, and master craftsmanship converge, as artisans continue to breathe life into the Mughal tradition of marble inlay work

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What IHCL’s 4th Hotel in Varanasi Says About India’s Religious Tourism Boom

Bulbul Dhawan , Skift

May 3rd, 2024 at 8:18 AM EDT

Religious tourism is booming in India and hospitality companies are now catching up to cater to this demand.

Bulbul Dhawan

Indian Hotels Company (IHCL) announced the signing of a fourth hotel in Varanasi, a 101-key Ginger hotel. It currently has two Taj Hotels and a SeleQtions hotel (as part of the Tree of Life conversion) in Varanasi, a city with deep cultural and religious significance.

On Thursday, IHCL also announced the signing of its reimagined Gateway brand in Sarnath further strengthening the hotel company’s spiritual tourism circuit.

With these two additions, IHCL will have 24 properties in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, of which 11 are under development. 

Once popular for being home to the Taj Mahal in Agra, Uttar Pradesh is now looking to build itself as a religious tourism hub through cities like Prayagraj, Kashi, Ayodhaya, Varanasi and Sarnath.

The Uttar Pradesh government has launched about 500 projects with an investment of more than INR 850 billion ($10.2 billion) to develop religious and spiritual tourism spots.

Impact of Religious Tourism

The tourism industry in Uttar Pradesh has been transformed after the inauguration of the Kashi-Vishwanath corridor in Varanasi in December 2021, according to state tourism deputy director Preeti Srivastava said.

“After that, in 2022 and 2023, a total of more than 130 million tourists visited the pilgrim city. The success from this project was also implemented in other parts of the country, including Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh.”

She added that with Ayodhya now being developed as a religious destination, and Mathura next in line the tourism prospects of Uttar Pradesh are set to bolster. 

Booking.com while noting the Holi and Easter Holiday trends in March had also noted that spiritual destinations were among the most-searched . 

In January, the public opening of a controversial Hindu temple in Ayodhya saw half a million visitors on the first day.

On December 31, Oyo Group CEO Ritesh Agarwal had tweeted, “80% more users are searching for stays in Ayodhya today! Seeing one of the highest spikes.”

Na hills, na beaches!  80% more users are searching for stays in Ayodhya today! Seeing one of the highest spikes 👀  #CheckIn2024 — Ritesh Agarwal (@riteshagar) December 31, 2023

“If a destination like Varanasi, Ayodhya, or Mathura is developed, the tourists that visit will then spill over to other regions. Since these are one or at most two-day destinations, tourists then prefer to club more cities in Uttar Pradesh together. There are many tourists who come to Lucknow, which allows them to explore the Mughal heritage. They then go to Ayodhya, Prayagraj, and Varanasi,” she said, adding that tourists also visit smaller destinations along the way. 

Entry of Hospitality Brands

Expecting its annual tourist footfall to reach 850 million by 2028, the state is seeking to create a robust hotel supply chain, paving the way for the entry of major hospitality brands.

Accordingly it is eyeing investments to the tune of INR 320 billion ($3.8 billion) in the hospitality sector to cater to the expected increase in demand. The focus is on tourism hotspots of Varanasi, Ayodhya, Prayagraj and Agra.

Last year, Japanese hotel chain Hotel Management International (HMI) signed an agreement to develop 30 new hotels in the state. These will be located in Agra, Varanasi and Ayodhya. 

HMI public relations director Takamoto Yokoyama said, “Uttar Pradesh’s efforts to realize and develop the tourism potential have created immense possibilities for the hotel industry. Varanasi has seen a significant increase in tourism after the development of the Kashi-Vishwanath corridor. For us, this is a great chance.”

Some recent key developments in the spiritual destinations in Uttar Pradesh include:

• Wyndham Hotels and Resorts opened a Ramada Plaza in Varanasi last year
• ITC Hotels signed boutique hotel Storii Prayagraj in May 2023
• IHCL and Radisson Hotels Group have expressed interest in opening five-star hotels in Prayagraj
• Hilton Opened DoubleTree by Hilton in Varanasi in September 2023

The Ayodhya Effect

Currently, this boom is led by hotel development in Ayodhya, which was revamped recently in the run-up to the consecration ceremony of the Ram temple held in January .

The town could attract over 50 million tourists annually, according to a report by brokerage firm Jeffries.

In January, Radisson opened its Park Inn by Radisson in the city. In an interview with Skift , Radisson Hotel Group executive vice president Elie Younes said that religious cities in India are a focal point. Another Radisson hotel is coming up in Ayodhya, while it has one under development in Vrindavan in Uttar Pradesh. 

Last year, IHCL signed two hotels in Ayodhya under the Ginger and Vivanta brands. The company signed its third hotel at the destination this year, under the IHCL SeleQtions brand, and is planning a fourth property under the Taj brand. 

Apart from this:

• Domestic hospitality company Lemon Tree Hotel is also planning a 200-key property in Ayodhya
• Online travel company EaseMyTrip also entered the hospitality industry with a hotel in the holy city
• Wyndham has signed a Ramada Encore hotel in Ayodhya
• Hilton is also looking at Ayodhya as it ramps up signings in India.

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Tags: boutique hotels , budget hotels , easemytrip , hilton , Hilton Hotels , hospitality , hospitality news , hotels , Indian Hotels Company , itc hotels , radisson hotel group , religious travel , taj hotels , wyndham , Wyndham hotels

Photo credit: The holy ghats of Varanasi. Varanasi District website

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