national travel survey data

National Travel Survey

• Authors: Peter Cornick Shanna Christie Nadim Maatook Ella Gerlack
• Publishing date: 30 August 2023

About the survey

The National Travel Survey is used by the Government to develop its transport policy and make sure transport plans meet England's travel needs. We conduct the National Travel Survey every year. It is the only national source of information on where, why, how and how far people travel.

The latest National Travel Survey report was published in August 2023 by the Department for Transport. 

How often people travel

People in England made 862 trips on average in 2022, about 17 trips per week each. This was an increase of 14% compared to 2021, but remained a decrease of 10% compared to 2019 (953 trips on average).

How far people travel

The average distance travelled in 2022 was 5,373 miles, a 24% increase compared to 2021 (4,329 miles on average) but a decrease of 17% compared to 2019 (6,500 miles on average). It serves to highlight the trend in distance travelled by people, which has been in decline since 2002.

Time people spent travelling

On average, in 2022 people spent 324 hours travelling, an increase of 19% compared to 2021 (273 hours on average) but a 12% decrease compared to 2019 (370 hours on average). 

How people travel

In 2022, there were increases in trip rates amongst all transport modes compared to 2021, apart from cycling and London Underground trips which remained broadly similar. Trip rates for all transport modes were however still lower than 2019 (pre-pandemic) apart from walking trips, which saw an increase of 7% with 267 walking trips per person.

Children aged 0 to 16 made the highest proportion of trips using active transport modes such as walking and cycling in 2022 with 42%, an increase since 2021 with 38%. Those aged 17 to 20 made the smallest proportion of trips using active modes with 28%. 

There were 15 cycling trips per person in 2022, which is similar to 2021 (15 trips per person) and 5% lower compared to 2019 (16 trips per person).

Why people travel

The most common trip purpose in 2022 was shopping with 151 trips per person, with a 14% increase compared to 2021, but a decrease of 16% compared to 2019. Commuting was the second most common trip purpose in 2022 with 119 trips per person, with a 19% increase compared to 2021 but a 15% decrease compared to 2019. This could reflect the increase in working from home and hybrid working during this time.

Average trips for all purposes increased compared to 2021 apart from day trips and other including just walk trips which decreased further compared to their all-time high in 2020.

Methodology

• Each year we select a sample of 13,000 household addresses in England. This sample is scientifically chosen to represent the wider population.
• Everyone living in England has an equal chance of being asked to take part in the survey.
• We ask everyone living in these households if they will be interviewed and keep a travel diary for one week.
• We find out what types of transport they use, why they make the trips they do and how they go to work, school and to the shops. The information gathered is then used to help create a national picture of how people travel.
• A number of changes which were introduced to the methodology in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic were retained for the first quarter of 2022. Initially interviews were completed over the phone with the interviewer populating the diary on behalf of the respondent. However face-to-face interviewing resumed in April 2022 with respondents completing the travel diary themselves. A phone back-up option was retained to ensure people with concerns about in-home interviewing were able to participate.

Click on the links below to read the full report and the technical report. 

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Next Generation National Household Travel Survey (NHTS): National and Pooled Fund Origin Destination Data

Conducted by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) is the authoritative source on the travel behavior of the American public. It is the only source of national level data that allows researchers to analyze trends in personal and household travel. It includes daily non-commercial travel by all modes as well as traveler characteristics.

FHWA has launched the Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey (NextGen NHTS) to establish a more continuous travel monitoring program with national and local data products. In addition to a probabilistic core travel survey, NextGen NHTS also includes an origin-destination (OD) data program that will produce multimodal passenger and truck travel OD tables at the national and local levels from passively collected data sources. University of Maryland (UMD) has been competitively selected to produce the OD data for the NextGen NHTS program.

National Passenger OD Product Specification

• Time-Period: 2020-2024 full calendar year
• Coverage: All 50 states and District of Columbia
• Zones: FHWA’s specified 582 zones
• Trips Covered: All trips, inter-zonal and intra-zonal
• Modes: Air, Rail, Vehicle, Other
• Purpose: Work, Non-Work
• Distance: (0, 10], (10, 25], (25, 50], (50, 75], (75, 100], (100, 150], (150, 300], >300 miles
• Seasonality: Annual OD in 2020; Monthly OD in 2021~2024

National Truck OD Product Specification

• Seasonality: Annual OD in 2020~2024

National OD Zone Structure:

For national level data, the FHWA has developed 582 zones. Of the 582 zones,446 are derived from the original 389 OMB defined metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) and 136 are newly created zones by the FHWA from rural or Micropolitan Statistical areas.

University of Maryland Team Strengths:

• High quality products using extensive data, rigorous computation and validation methods;
• Robust and sustainable data sources for passenger and truck travel;
• Transparency in raw data, computation methods, and final data product validation;
• Proven track record in delivering national OD data to FHWA;
• Experience in delivering passive data products to agencies in all 50 states and D.C.; and
• Expertise with the NHTS program and prior NHTS surveys.

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National Household Travel Survey (NHTS)

New 2022 nextgen nhts core data now available.

Conducted by the Federal Highway Administration since 1969, the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) is the authoritative source on the travel behavior of the American public. It is the only source of national data that allows one to analyze trends in personal and household travel. It includes daily non-commercial travel by all modes, including characteristics of the people traveling, their household, and their vehicles. FHWA has completed the 2022 NHTS data collection with special focus on equity and those data are now available at:  https://nhts.ornl.gov/

Introduction to the NHTS

The NHTS is a periodic national survey used to assist transportation planners and policy makers who need comprehensive data on travel and transportation patterns in the U.S. The 2022 survey data along with historical data from the 2017, 2009, and 2001 NHTS, and the former Nationwide Personal Transportation Surveys (NPTS) of 1983, 1990, and 1995, are available at the NHTS website:  https://nhts.ornl.gov/ .

The NHTS/NPTS serves as the nation's inventory of daily travel. Data is collected on daily trips taken by households and individuals in those households, over a 24-hour period, and includes:

• purpose of the trip (work, shopping, social, etc.)
• means of transportation (car, walk, bus, subway, etc.)
• travel time of trip
• time of day/day of week

These details are collected for all trips, modes, purposes, trip lengths, and all areas of the country, urban and rural.

Uses of Surveys:

• quantify travel behavior
• analyze changes in travel characteristics over time, and
• study the relationship of demographic and travel over time
• examine the impact of emerging transportation services

For more information, go to the NHTS website .

NHTS Resources

NHTS Products, Publications

NHTS Program Newsletters ( https://nhts.ornl.gov/publications

2022 NHTS Weighted Vehicle Occupancy factors

Moving Forward: The NextGen NHTS

The NextGen NHTS program focuses on providing national travel behavior data on a more frequent basis than prior NHTS efforts. This effort includes moving to a biennial household travel survey and adding annual passive original destination (OD) truck and passenger data products at the national level.

Core Data Program: The NHTS was redesigned to be shorter and more focused. Conducted by Ipsos, the survey will collect data from 7,500 randomly sampled households and 7,500 households that are part of Ipsos’s Knowledge Panel. The survey is currently in field and will capture details on travel behavior from January 2022 through January 2023.

National passive OD data products: The NextGen NHTS also features an OD data component. The OD data contractor (University of Maryland) will be providing national passenger and truck OD data annually for calendar years 2020 through 2024.

To download the 2020 national passenger and truck OD data products or to use a convenient online tool, go to https://nhts.ornl.gov/od . Other online resources include the following:

• Quick start video (.mp4)
• Method document (passenger) (.pdf)
• Method document (truck) (.pdf)

The national passive OD data products summarize travel within and across 583 zones. A map of the zone structure can be found at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/analysisframework/04.cfm .

NextGen NHTS pooled-fund program

FHWA has established a pooled-fund program to support shared research into travel behavior data as well as provide a contracting mechanism for agencies to purchase additional samples as part of the survey effort and/or more refined geography in the passenger OD data product. For more information, see https://pooledfund.org/Details/Study/651

New NextGen NHTS Origin Destination Data Release

FHWA has released the latest NextGen NHTS data and information. Please visit the Latest NextGen NHTS Data page to learn more. The two datasets are comprised of the traditional NHTS core data associated with why, how, and when people travel and the new comprehensive national multimodal origin- destination estimation (OD) travel data through 583 zones. The OD data includes both between zones (interzonal) and within a single zone (intrazonal) travel. The core data includes both the sample data and weighted data. Both datasets are also supported by online data analysis and visualization tools.

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National Travel Survey (NTS)

Detailed information for third quarter 2023.

Record number:

The National Travel Survey provides statistics on the activities of Canadian residents related to domestic and international tourism. It was developed to measure the volume, the characteristics and the economic impact of tourism.

Data release - February 27, 2024

• Questionnaire(s) and reporting guide(s)

Description

Data sources and methodology, data accuracy.

The National Travel Survey was developed to fully replace the Travel Survey of Residents of Canada (record number 3810) and replace the Canadian resident component of the International Travel Survey (record number 3152). The National Travel Survey collects information about the domestic and international travel of Canadian residents. The National Travel Survey, sponsored by Statistics Canada, aims to measure the characteristics and the economic impact of the tourism activities of Canadian residents. The objectives of the survey are to provide information about the number of trips and expenditures by Canadian residents by trip origin, destination, duration, type of accommodation used, trip reason, mode of travel, etc.; to provide information on travel incidence and to provide the socio-demographic profile of travellers and non-travellers. From a macroeconomic point of view, the NTS measures the domestic and international tourism demand by Canadian residents.

Reference period: Quarterly (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4) and annually from January to December.

Collection period: The month following the reference month.

• Domestic travel
• International travel
• Travel and tourism

Target population

The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 18 years of age or older in Canada's ten provinces. Specifically excluded from the survey's coverage are persons living on Indian reserves and persons living in the territories. Also excluded are out-of-scope trips such as routine trips and trips taken by commuters and diplomatic or military personnel.

Instrument design

The content of the National Travel Survey electronic questionnaire was drawn from the Travel Survey of Residents of Canada and the International Travel Survey, which were based on consultation with several tourism provincial organizations/departments. Statistics Canada System of National Accounts participated in the questionnaire design. The questionnaire underwent cognitive testing in the form of in-depth interviews in both of Canada's official languages, conducted by Statistics Canada's Questionnaire Design Resource Centre. The goal of the qualitative study was to test a new introduction to the survey and different trip definitions. There were two pilot tests done. The first pilot test done in February-March 2016 was used to evaluate multiple letter-based respondent selection methods. The conventional method of random selection was to select a household and use the application to select a respondent. The first pilot provided information on the ability of household members to interpret and comply with the random selection method described in the letter. The second pilot test done in August 2017 was used to evaluate the online response application and to estimate the take-up rate. The second survey pilot was also used to evaluate multiple nonresponse follow-up strategies including mail out of letters, follow-up courtesy calls and phone calls to offer to complete the questionnaire over the phone.

This is a sample survey with a cross-sectional design.

Sampling units: The NTS has a three-stage sampling design, so there are three sampling units. The primary sampling unit (for the first stage) is the household. The sampling unit for the second stage is the person in the dwelling chosen from the first stage. Finally, the sampling unit for the third stage is the trip from a given dwelling and a selected person. Stratification method: The sampling frame is stratified by province, household income level and information obtained from Primary Inspection Kiosks (PIKs). The National Travel Survey is a flexible survey that allows stakeholders to add sample in specific cities or regions. Sampling and sub-sampling: For the first stage, the household, the sample is first allocated among the provinces using the cubic root of the number of dwellings in each province. For each province, a small portion of the sample (maximum of 400) is associated with a particular stratum based on information from PIKs. This stratum maximizes the chances of sampling Canadians who have travelled outside the country. Then, the rest of the sample is allocated according to income level in relation to the square root of the sum of the incomes. Within each stratum, by province and income level, dwellings are sorted by postal code. In the strata formed using information from PIKs, a simple random sample is drawn. In all other strata, a systematic sample is drawn. This allows the different regions of each province to be represented in the sample. For the second stage, one adult per selected dwelling is randomly chosen using a selection method based on the age of household members. This method randomly chooses one adult for dwellings with up to six adults. Depending on the number of adults living in the dwelling, the oldest; the second oldest; the third oldest; the youngest; the second youngest; or the third youngest adult is selected. For the third stage, the electronic questionnaire asks the respondent for a short description of all trips ending in the reference month. If the respondent reports three trips or less, then all the trips are chosen for the remainder of the questionnaire. Otherwise, an algorithm in the electronic questionnaire selects three trips according to a Poisson sequential sampling plan. Overnight trips abroad and overnight trips to a province other than the province of residence have a greater sampling fraction.

Data sources

Data collection for this reference period: 2023-08-01 to 2023-11-10

Responding to this survey is voluntary.

Data are collected directly from survey respondents.

Selected households receive an invitation letter in the mail. The letter explains who, from the household, is selected to participate in the survey using the age selection method. A household may receive up to two paper reminders, three email reminders, or one SMS reminder. The access code in the letters gives the respondent access to the electronic questionnaire. The electronic questionnaire is offered in the two official languages: French and English. The respondent must provide basic information on all of his or her trips (domestic and international) that ended in the reference month. The respondent then provides details on the trips selected. The average time required to complete the survey is 15 minutes. In the case of a natural disaster, any dwellings that are located in the impacted areas (as identified by Natural Resources Canada) are removed from the collection strategies for that period of time. The removal of these units is taken into account during the household weighting (see Estimation).

View the Questionnaire(s) and reporting guide(s) .

Error detection

The electronic questionnaire is the only collection mode; respondents enter their responses to the survey questions directly in the electronic questionnaire. The use of electronic questionnaires reduces data processing time and the costs associated with data entry, transcription errors and data transmission. Responses are sent securely using industry-standard encryption protocols, firewalls and encryption layers. Some edits are done as the electronic questionnaire is completed by the respondent. When the information is outside the range of expected values (too large or too small), or inconsistent with previous entries, the respondent is prompted, through messages on the screen, to check the information. However, for some questions, the respondent may ignore the edits and skip questions if they do not know the answer or refuse to answer. For this reason, the response data undergo further edit and imputation processes after being received at the Head Office. Data are sent to Statistics Canada, where the information is processed in stages in preparation for dissemination. Data are checked to identify any inconsistencies. Trip records are validated to ensure that values in mandatory fields are acceptable. For some variables, a range of acceptable values is used. For example, we make sure that the number of nights falls within the logical range, that the type of trip is valid, etc. For the majority of trip records, the geographic area is coded automatically. For a small number of records, coding is done manually at Statistics Canada's Head Office. Several consistency edits are carried out on the data to verify the relationship between two or more variables. For example, the number of adults in a household who went on a trip cannot exceed the total number of adults in the household. If a city or other specific geographic location does not correspond to the province or other larger geographic area, only one location will be retained, depending on the question. For expenditure variables, several edit rules are applied to limit these values. If the value does not fall within the predetermined acceptable range, it is imputed later.

The number of adults and children in the same household who went on the trip is imputed if the data are missing. Expenditures are imputed in trip records to ensure that all trips have valid expenditures. Expenditures are imputed by category: commercial transportation, accommodations, restaurants, etc. Travel expenses that failed the edit are imputed using the donor imputation method. Variables correlated with the variable to impute are used to create imputation classes. Before choosing a donor, the Sigma-gap outlier detection method is applied to each variable to impute in order to exclude atypical values from the potential donor pool. Finally, a donor with a ratio between the 5th and 95th percentiles in the class is randomly selected. A ratio is imputed rather than the variable itself, since the variable may be strongly correlated with other variables. For instance, the ratio could represent daily expenses or expenses per person during the trip. Another step in the imputation process consists of distributing package trip expenditures to specific expenditure categories. If the total amount is missing, it is imputed using a donor. Trips are then combined by class and the distribution of the expenditures observed for non-package trips is applied to package trips. Another step involves distributing expenditures from the domestic components of international trips and the external components of domestic trips to specific expenditure categories. In the questionnaire, respondents are asked to provide the total amount spent in Canada during international trips, and the total amount spent outside Canada during domestic trips. If the total amount is missing, it is imputed using a donor. Next, a fixed distribution by trip type is used to distribute expenditures by category. This distribution is estimated from historic TSRC data. The final step consists in distributing the expenditures for each category of a trip to each visit on the trip. This distribution depends on the expenditure category, the trip type and duration, what is included in the trip, the type of visit, etc.

NTS estimates are produced using survey data to which weights are applied, so that these data can be inflated to the non-institutionalized Canadian population 18 years and older. The weights calculated to produce these estimates are household weights, person weights, trip weights and person-trip weights. The household weight is calculated as being the inverse of the probability of selection of a household. Next, some adjustments are done within homogeneous groups to correct the unresolved units, i.e., households that are not definitively in scope or out of scope. Then the weight of out-of-scope households, such as vacant or destroyed homes, is set to 0. Weights are then adjusted within homogeneous response groups to correct the effect of non-response. For both the unresolved and the non-response adjustments, models are first applied to the data to estimate the corresponding probability for each sampled unit which is then used to create the homogenous groups. After adjusting for non-response, the weights are calibrated based on the number of households per province and household size (one person, two people, more than two) to known control totals. The person weights are derived from the household weights. The inverse of the probability of selecting the person is multiplied by the household weight, giving a first version of the person weight. A simple reweighting is done at the stratum level to adjust the weights for the unresolved persons, such as people with a missing province of residence or missing age. The weight for out-of-scope units, such as Canadian non-residents and residents under 18 years of age, is set to 0. Then another simple reweighting is done at the stratum level to adjust the weights for non-response. It should be noted that most non-response comes from the first degree, i.e., the household, and that is why a decision was made to use a simple adjustment to correct non-response at the person level. Finally, the person weight is calibrated to known control totals (province-age-sex groups and Census Metropolitan Area (CMA)). The initial person-trip weight is derived from the person weight, which is multiplied by the inverse of the probability of selecting a trip and the number of identical trips plus 1. Next, the weight for the out-of-scope trips is set to 0. The remaining weights are then adjusted to offset the presence of non-response. This adjustment is a post-stratification, where post-strata are created by province of origin, destination, type of trip and the main reason for the trip. Finally, the person-trip weights for selected domestic trips are calibrated to the weighted estimates for reported domestic trips. The person-trip weights associated to international trips are calibrated to counts of adult Canadian travellers estimated by Statistics Canada's Frontier Counts program. Finally, the trip weight is derived by dividing the person-trip weight by the number of adults (18 and over) in the household who went on the trip. These trip weights are used to estimate expenditures. The Sigma-gap outlier detection method is applied to the weighted expenditures to reduce the impact of highly influential units by restricting the trip weight. After this step, person-trip weights are recreated, and the person-trip calibration steps are repeated on the new weights. The final trip weights are derived by dividing the new person-trip weights by the number of adults in the household who went on the trip. The NTS uses the bootstrap method, a replicate-based method, for calculating variance. The bootstrap method involves taking subsamples with replacement from the sample and weighting them. Weighting is repeated several times (500 times for the NTS).

Quality evaluation

Data quality is systematically evaluated every quarter. Statistical tables required for analysis are produced and compared with related data sources. A set of indicators is also produced. They are used to determine whether general tourism trends reflect those of the NTS. Furthermore, we work in close cooperation with provincial tourism departments, which provide additional viewpoints and information sources, helping us evaluate data quality at a more refined geographic level.

Disclosure control

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Various confidentiality rules are applied to all data that are released or published to prevent the publication or disclosure of any information deemed confidential. If necessary, data are suppressed to prevent direct or residual disclosure of identifiable data. In order to prevent any data disclosure, confidentiality analysis is done using the Statistics Canada Generalized Disclosure Control System (G-Confid). G-Confid is used for primary suppression (direct disclosure) as well as for secondary suppression (residual disclosure). Direct disclosure occurs when the value in a tabulation cell is composed of or dominated by few enterprises while residual disclosure occurs when confidential information can be derived indirectly by piecing together information from different sources or data series.

Revisions and seasonal adjustment

This methodology does not apply to this survey program.

Sampling variability is the error in the estimates caused by the fact that the survey is conducted on a sample of respondents rather than on the entire population. Standard error and the related concepts of coefficient of variation (CV) and confidence interval provide an indication of the magnitude of sampling variability. The standard error and coefficient of variation do not measure systematic biases in survey data that might affect estimates. Rather, they are based on the assumption that sampling errors follow a normal curve. An estimate based on a larger sample size usually has a smaller CV and therefore is more reliable. Moreover, given two estimates based on the same sample size, the one associated with the most evenly distributed characteristic throughout the population has a smaller CV than the other. The CV is used to identify five levels of data quality: - 0.00% to 5.00%: excellent - 5.01% to 15.00%: very good - 15.01% to 25.00%: good - 25.01% to 35.00%: acceptable - Greater than 35.00%: use with caution Estimates that do not meet an acceptable level of quality are either flagged for caution or suppressed. Response rates: The response rates are calculated, for each domain (province or Canada), using the following formula: Response rate = number of respondent units / (number of contacted units - number of out-of-scope units) The overall weighted response rate (Canada level) for the NTS for the third quarter of reference year 2023 was 25.9%. Response rates vary from province to province. Non-sampling error: There are sources of error other than sampling error, such as non-response bias, recall error, measurement error, etc. For the NTS, corrective measures are only applied when there is non-response bias. Non-response bias: Since the household response rate is less than 50%, there is a risk of non-response bias. A logistic regression is used to model the response probability for sampled units. The independent variables used in the regression model are correlated with travel-related expenditures and the probability of responding to the survey. Units with similar response probabilities are combined and the weight of non-respondents is distributed to respondents in these classes. This procedure reduces the potential bias caused by the presence of non-response. Coverage error: Approximately 10% of the dwellings in the frame do not have a valid address. These dwellings are not covered by the NTS, since the invitation to participate in the survey is sent by mail. These dwellings can still be sampled and considered unresolved. Therefore, the weight adjustment that redistributes the weights of this type is used to correct coverage error.

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Travelers Survey: Distracted Drivers Making US Roads More Dangerous

Nearly 80% of respondents to a recent Travelers survey said inattentive driving is more of a problem now than it has been in past years.

Travelers noted the pandemic triggered a new wave of dangerous habits. The 2024 Travelers Risk Index cataloged behaviors that have been on the rise since before the pandemic, which include:

• Updating or checking social media: +13%.
• Typing a text or email: +10%.
• Talking on a cellphone (hands-free): +10%.
• Using a cellphone to record videos/take photos: +9%.
• Reading a text or email: +9%.

After decades of steady decline in roadway fatalities, U.S. traffic deaths jumped in 2021, and the fatality rate has remained high in subsequent years.

The latest official data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) shows U.S. traffic deaths jumped by 10.5% in 2021, and NHTSA’s estimates since then show a similarly high fatality rate.

The 2024 index surveyed more than 1,000 consumers and business managers about perceptions of risk in their daily lives. Four in 10 drivers surveyed have experienced a “near-miss” because of their own distracted driving, and 12% admit they have been in a crash due to their own distraction. Almost one-third of drivers (31%) report being in a crash due to other drivers’ distractions.

With rising commercial auto insurance rates, 85% of executives surveyed said they have concerns about employees’ driving habits, especially surrounding technology, up from 77% last year. The concern has moved the majority of executives surveyed (68%) to implement distracted driving policies that include prohibiting the use of handheld devices while driving (53%) and punishment for employees who violate the policy (77%).

While teen drivers have notoriously been one of the deadliest demographics on the road, parents surveyed are increasingly concerned and setting ground rules for young drivers, including limiting cell phone use (72%), limiting the number of passengers (61%) and restricting driving times (53%) and distances (62%).

“Distraction is one of the leading causes of roadway fatalities, and it continues to have a devastating impact on individuals, families and communities,” said Michael Klein, executive vice president and president of personal insurance at Travelers. “Creating safer roadways requires action from each of us, and while the survey results show that people are concerned about distracted driving, they are still unfortunately taking dangerous risks.”

Consistent with previous years’ findings, the 2024 index indicated that passengers voicing their concerns (86%) and financial rewards for safe driving (86%) could be strong motivators to curb distracted driving.

“Distracted driving is a preventable crisis,” said Chris Hayes, assistant vice president of workers compensation and transportation, risk control, at Travelers. “If you’re the passenger in a vehicle, speak up if the driver isn’t paying attention to the road. If you’re an employer, avoid calling employees when you know they’re driving. If you’re a parent, be a positive role model by putting the phone away and avoiding distractions when you’re behind the wheel.”

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How many people visit our America's national parks? Graphics explain

Each year, the National Park Service welcomes millions of visitors. Since the agency started tracking attendance in 1904, more than 15 billion people have paid visits to the National Park System.

With 63 national parks spanning the United States, visitors have their fair share of natural beauty to explore. From Acadia National Park in Maine to Olympic National Park in Washington and California's Yosemite to North Carolina's Great Smoky Mountains, each park provides a unique experience for tourists.

“Our national parks tell our shared American story. I'm glad visitors are finding hidden gems, exploring in the off-season and finding new ways to have a great time in our national parks,” said National Park Service director Chuck Sams in a statement.

On Saturday April 20th, all fees to visit national parks will be lifted to celebrate the first day of National Park Week. Last year, the first day of national park week coincided with Earth Day.

How many people visit national parks each year?

The National Park Service said more than 325 million people visited the parks last year, up 4% from 2022. That includes visits to 400 parks run by the NPS. After the COVID-19 pandemic caused a drop in visitors, the total number of visitors has been on an upward trend. A study found that in April 2020, visitation to U.S. national parks decreased by about 87%, due to temporary closure of some parks.

In 2023, 38% percent of people visited recreation parks, 32% went to historical and cultural parks and 30% went to nature parks, according to NPS.

What are the most visited national parks?

Great Smoky Mountains  is the most visited national park in America, by far. Last year, it drew nearly three times the visitors as the second-most visited park,  Grand Canyon , according to  National Park Service data .

These were the 15 most visited national parks in 2023:

• Great Smoky Mountains in North Carolina and Tennessee - 13,297,647
• Grand Canyon in Arizona - 4,733,705
• Zion in Utah - 4,623,238
• Yellowstone in Idaho, Montana, Wyoming - 4,501,382
• Rocky Mountain in Colorado - 4,115,837
• Yosemite in California - 3,897,070
• Acadia in Maine - 3,879,890
• Grand Teton in Wyoming - 3,417,106
• Joshua Tree in California  - 3,270,404
• Olympic National Park in Washington - 2,947,503
• Glacier National Park in Montana - 2,933,616
• Cuyahoga Valley in Ohio - 2,860,059
• Indiana Dunes in Indiana - 2,765,892
• Hot Springs in Arkansas - 2,502,967
• Bryce Canyon in Utah - 2,461,269

From Acadia to Zion: What travelers should know about each of America's national parks

Answers to your biggest park questions: What is the most visited national park in the US?

Where are the national parks located?

All 50 states are home to other  National Park Service units , like national battlefields and seashores, which are sometimes called parks.

The National Park System currently has 429 units. The most recent addition is the  Amache National Historic Site  in Colorado. Travelers can find sites by state on the  National Park Service’s website .

What to know about National Park Week

National Park Week  kicks off April 20 with free entry to every national park in America. 

That’s not just  capital NP national parks  like  Grand Teton  and  Olympic , but all 429 sites within the  National Park System , ranging from national battlefields to seashores.

Entry fees are only waived that first day, but there are special activities planned throughout National Park Week (and many sites  don’t charge entry fees  anyway).

National Park Week spans nine days. It runs from April 20 through April 28. 

Each day will spotlight a different parks-related theme.

• April 20: Discovery
• April 21: Volunteers 
• April 22: Earth Day 
• April 23: Innovation 
• April 24: Workforce Wednesday 
• April 25: Youth Engagement 
• April 26: Community Connections 
• April 27:  Junior Ranger Day
• April 28: Arts in Parks 

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What the data says about abortion in the U.S.

Pew Research Center has conducted many surveys about abortion over the years, providing a lens into Americans’ views on whether the procedure should be legal, among a host of other questions.

In a  Center survey  conducted nearly a year after the Supreme Court’s June 2022 decision that  ended the constitutional right to abortion , 62% of U.S. adults said the practice should be legal in all or most cases, while 36% said it should be illegal in all or most cases. Another survey conducted a few months before the decision showed that relatively few Americans take an absolutist view on the issue .

Find answers to common questions about abortion in America, based on data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Guttmacher Institute, which have tracked these patterns for several decades:

How many abortions are there in the U.S. each year?

How has the number of abortions in the u.s. changed over time, what is the abortion rate among women in the u.s. how has it changed over time, what are the most common types of abortion, how many abortion providers are there in the u.s., and how has that number changed, what percentage of abortions are for women who live in a different state from the abortion provider, what are the demographics of women who have had abortions, when during pregnancy do most abortions occur, how often are there medical complications from abortion.

This compilation of data on abortion in the United States draws mainly from two sources: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Guttmacher Institute, both of which have regularly compiled national abortion data for approximately half a century, and which collect their data in different ways.

The CDC data that is highlighted in this post comes from the agency’s “abortion surveillance” reports, which have been published annually since 1974 (and which have included data from 1969). Its figures from 1973 through 1996 include data from all 50 states, the District of Columbia and New York City – 52 “reporting areas” in all. Since 1997, the CDC’s totals have lacked data from some states (most notably California) for the years that those states did not report data to the agency. The four reporting areas that did not submit data to the CDC in 2021 – California, Maryland, New Hampshire and New Jersey – accounted for approximately 25% of all legal induced abortions in the U.S. in 2020, according to Guttmacher’s data. Most states, though,  do  have data in the reports, and the figures for the vast majority of them came from each state’s central health agency, while for some states, the figures came from hospitals and other medical facilities.

Discussion of CDC abortion data involving women’s state of residence, marital status, race, ethnicity, age, abortion history and the number of previous live births excludes the low share of abortions where that information was not supplied. Read the methodology for the CDC’s latest abortion surveillance report , which includes data from 2021, for more details. Previous reports can be found at  stacks.cdc.gov  by entering “abortion surveillance” into the search box.

For the numbers of deaths caused by induced abortions in 1963 and 1965, this analysis looks at reports by the then-U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, a precursor to the Department of Health and Human Services. In computing those figures, we excluded abortions listed in the report under the categories “spontaneous or unspecified” or as “other.” (“Spontaneous abortion” is another way of referring to miscarriages.)

Guttmacher data in this post comes from national surveys of abortion providers that Guttmacher has conducted 19 times since 1973. Guttmacher compiles its figures after contacting every known provider of abortions – clinics, hospitals and physicians’ offices – in the country. It uses questionnaires and health department data, and it provides estimates for abortion providers that don’t respond to its inquiries. (In 2020, the last year for which it has released data on the number of abortions in the U.S., it used estimates for 12% of abortions.) For most of the 2000s, Guttmacher has conducted these national surveys every three years, each time getting abortion data for the prior two years. For each interim year, Guttmacher has calculated estimates based on trends from its own figures and from other data.

The latest full summary of Guttmacher data came in the institute’s report titled “Abortion Incidence and Service Availability in the United States, 2020.” It includes figures for 2020 and 2019 and estimates for 2018. The report includes a methods section.

In addition, this post uses data from StatPearls, an online health care resource, on complications from abortion.

An exact answer is hard to come by. The CDC and the Guttmacher Institute have each tried to measure this for around half a century, but they use different methods and publish different figures.

The last year for which the CDC reported a yearly national total for abortions is 2021. It found there were 625,978 abortions in the District of Columbia and the 46 states with available data that year, up from 597,355 in those states and D.C. in 2020. The corresponding figure for 2019 was 607,720.

The last year for which Guttmacher reported a yearly national total was 2020. It said there were 930,160 abortions that year in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, compared with 916,460 in 2019.

• How the CDC gets its data: It compiles figures that are voluntarily reported by states’ central health agencies, including separate figures for New York City and the District of Columbia. Its latest totals do not include figures from California, Maryland, New Hampshire or New Jersey, which did not report data to the CDC. ( Read the methodology from the latest CDC report .)
• How Guttmacher gets its data: It compiles its figures after contacting every known abortion provider – clinics, hospitals and physicians’ offices – in the country. It uses questionnaires and health department data, then provides estimates for abortion providers that don’t respond. Guttmacher’s figures are higher than the CDC’s in part because they include data (and in some instances, estimates) from all 50 states. ( Read the institute’s latest full report and methodology .)

While the Guttmacher Institute supports abortion rights, its empirical data on abortions in the U.S. has been widely cited by  groups  and  publications  across the political spectrum, including by a  number of those  that  disagree with its positions .

These estimates from Guttmacher and the CDC are results of multiyear efforts to collect data on abortion across the U.S. Last year, Guttmacher also began publishing less precise estimates every few months , based on a much smaller sample of providers.

The figures reported by these organizations include only legal induced abortions conducted by clinics, hospitals or physicians’ offices, or those that make use of abortion pills dispensed from certified facilities such as clinics or physicians’ offices. They do not account for the use of abortion pills that were obtained  outside of clinical settings .

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The annual number of U.S. abortions rose for years after Roe v. Wade legalized the procedure in 1973, reaching its highest levels around the late 1980s and early 1990s, according to both the CDC and Guttmacher. Since then, abortions have generally decreased at what a CDC analysis called  “a slow yet steady pace.”

Guttmacher says the number of abortions occurring in the U.S. in 2020 was 40% lower than it was in 1991. According to the CDC, the number was 36% lower in 2021 than in 1991, looking just at the District of Columbia and the 46 states that reported both of those years.

(The corresponding line graph shows the long-term trend in the number of legal abortions reported by both organizations. To allow for consistent comparisons over time, the CDC figures in the chart have been adjusted to ensure that the same states are counted from one year to the next. Using that approach, the CDC figure for 2021 is 622,108 legal abortions.)

There have been occasional breaks in this long-term pattern of decline – during the middle of the first decade of the 2000s, and then again in the late 2010s. The CDC reported modest 1% and 2% increases in abortions in 2018 and 2019, and then, after a 2% decrease in 2020, a 5% increase in 2021. Guttmacher reported an 8% increase over the three-year period from 2017 to 2020.

As noted above, these figures do not include abortions that use pills obtained outside of clinical settings.

Guttmacher says that in 2020 there were 14.4 abortions in the U.S. per 1,000 women ages 15 to 44. Its data shows that the rate of abortions among women has generally been declining in the U.S. since 1981, when it reported there were 29.3 abortions per 1,000 women in that age range.

The CDC says that in 2021, there were 11.6 abortions in the U.S. per 1,000 women ages 15 to 44. (That figure excludes data from California, the District of Columbia, Maryland, New Hampshire and New Jersey.) Like Guttmacher’s data, the CDC’s figures also suggest a general decline in the abortion rate over time. In 1980, when the CDC reported on all 50 states and D.C., it said there were 25 abortions per 1,000 women ages 15 to 44.

That said, both Guttmacher and the CDC say there were slight increases in the rate of abortions during the late 2010s and early 2020s. Guttmacher says the abortion rate per 1,000 women ages 15 to 44 rose from 13.5 in 2017 to 14.4 in 2020. The CDC says it rose from 11.2 per 1,000 in 2017 to 11.4 in 2019, before falling back to 11.1 in 2020 and then rising again to 11.6 in 2021. (The CDC’s figures for those years exclude data from California, D.C., Maryland, New Hampshire and New Jersey.)

The CDC broadly divides abortions into two categories: surgical abortions and medication abortions, which involve pills. Since the Food and Drug Administration first approved abortion pills in 2000, their use has increased over time as a share of abortions nationally, according to both the CDC and Guttmacher.

The majority of abortions in the U.S. now involve pills, according to both the CDC and Guttmacher. The CDC says 56% of U.S. abortions in 2021 involved pills, up from 53% in 2020 and 44% in 2019. Its figures for 2021 include the District of Columbia and 44 states that provided this data; its figures for 2020 include D.C. and 44 states (though not all of the same states as in 2021), and its figures for 2019 include D.C. and 45 states.

Guttmacher, which measures this every three years, says 53% of U.S. abortions involved pills in 2020, up from 39% in 2017.

Two pills commonly used together for medication abortions are mifepristone, which, taken first, blocks hormones that support a pregnancy, and misoprostol, which then causes the uterus to empty. According to the FDA, medication abortions are safe  until 10 weeks into pregnancy.

Surgical abortions conducted  during the first trimester  of pregnancy typically use a suction process, while the relatively few surgical abortions that occur  during the second trimester  of a pregnancy typically use a process called dilation and evacuation, according to the UCLA School of Medicine.

In 2020, there were 1,603 facilities in the U.S. that provided abortions,  according to Guttmacher . This included 807 clinics, 530 hospitals and 266 physicians’ offices.

While clinics make up half of the facilities that provide abortions, they are the sites where the vast majority (96%) of abortions are administered, either through procedures or the distribution of pills, according to Guttmacher’s 2020 data. (This includes 54% of abortions that are administered at specialized abortion clinics and 43% at nonspecialized clinics.) Hospitals made up 33% of the facilities that provided abortions in 2020 but accounted for only 3% of abortions that year, while just 1% of abortions were conducted by physicians’ offices.

Looking just at clinics – that is, the total number of specialized abortion clinics and nonspecialized clinics in the U.S. – Guttmacher found the total virtually unchanged between 2017 (808 clinics) and 2020 (807 clinics). However, there were regional differences. In the Midwest, the number of clinics that provide abortions increased by 11% during those years, and in the West by 6%. The number of clinics  decreased  during those years by 9% in the Northeast and 3% in the South.

The total number of abortion providers has declined dramatically since the 1980s. In 1982, according to Guttmacher, there were 2,908 facilities providing abortions in the U.S., including 789 clinics, 1,405 hospitals and 714 physicians’ offices.

The CDC does not track the number of abortion providers.

In the District of Columbia and the 46 states that provided abortion and residency information to the CDC in 2021, 10.9% of all abortions were performed on women known to live outside the state where the abortion occurred – slightly higher than the percentage in 2020 (9.7%). That year, D.C. and 46 states (though not the same ones as in 2021) reported abortion and residency data. (The total number of abortions used in these calculations included figures for women with both known and unknown residential status.)

The share of reported abortions performed on women outside their state of residence was much higher before the 1973 Roe decision that stopped states from banning abortion. In 1972, 41% of all abortions in D.C. and the 20 states that provided this information to the CDC that year were performed on women outside their state of residence. In 1973, the corresponding figure was 21% in the District of Columbia and the 41 states that provided this information, and in 1974 it was 11% in D.C. and the 43 states that provided data.

In the District of Columbia and the 46 states that reported age data to  the CDC in 2021, the majority of women who had abortions (57%) were in their 20s, while about three-in-ten (31%) were in their 30s. Teens ages 13 to 19 accounted for 8% of those who had abortions, while women ages 40 to 44 accounted for about 4%.

The vast majority of women who had abortions in 2021 were unmarried (87%), while married women accounted for 13%, according to  the CDC , which had data on this from 37 states.

In the District of Columbia, New York City (but not the rest of New York) and the 31 states that reported racial and ethnic data on abortion to  the CDC , 42% of all women who had abortions in 2021 were non-Hispanic Black, while 30% were non-Hispanic White, 22% were Hispanic and 6% were of other races.

Looking at abortion rates among those ages 15 to 44, there were 28.6 abortions per 1,000 non-Hispanic Black women in 2021; 12.3 abortions per 1,000 Hispanic women; 6.4 abortions per 1,000 non-Hispanic White women; and 9.2 abortions per 1,000 women of other races, the  CDC reported  from those same 31 states, D.C. and New York City.

For 57% of U.S. women who had induced abortions in 2021, it was the first time they had ever had one,  according to the CDC.  For nearly a quarter (24%), it was their second abortion. For 11% of women who had an abortion that year, it was their third, and for 8% it was their fourth or more. These CDC figures include data from 41 states and New York City, but not the rest of New York.

Nearly four-in-ten women who had abortions in 2021 (39%) had no previous live births at the time they had an abortion,  according to the CDC . Almost a quarter (24%) of women who had abortions in 2021 had one previous live birth, 20% had two previous live births, 10% had three, and 7% had four or more previous live births. These CDC figures include data from 41 states and New York City, but not the rest of New York.

The vast majority of abortions occur during the first trimester of a pregnancy. In 2021, 93% of abortions occurred during the first trimester – that is, at or before 13 weeks of gestation,  according to the CDC . An additional 6% occurred between 14 and 20 weeks of pregnancy, and about 1% were performed at 21 weeks or more of gestation. These CDC figures include data from 40 states and New York City, but not the rest of New York.

About 2% of all abortions in the U.S. involve some type of complication for the woman , according to an article in StatPearls, an online health care resource. “Most complications are considered minor such as pain, bleeding, infection and post-anesthesia complications,” according to the article.

The CDC calculates  case-fatality rates for women from induced abortions – that is, how many women die from abortion-related complications, for every 100,000 legal abortions that occur in the U.S .  The rate was lowest during the most recent period examined by the agency (2013 to 2020), when there were 0.45 deaths to women per 100,000 legal induced abortions. The case-fatality rate reported by the CDC was highest during the first period examined by the agency (1973 to 1977), when it was 2.09 deaths to women per 100,000 legal induced abortions. During the five-year periods in between, the figure ranged from 0.52 (from 1993 to 1997) to 0.78 (from 1978 to 1982).

The CDC calculates death rates by five-year and seven-year periods because of year-to-year fluctuation in the numbers and due to the relatively low number of women who die from legal induced abortions.

In 2020, the last year for which the CDC has information , six women in the U.S. died due to complications from induced abortions. Four women died in this way in 2019, two in 2018, and three in 2017. (These deaths all followed legal abortions.) Since 1990, the annual number of deaths among women due to legal induced abortion has ranged from two to 12.

The annual number of reported deaths from induced abortions (legal and illegal) tended to be higher in the 1980s, when it ranged from nine to 16, and from 1972 to 1979, when it ranged from 13 to 63. One driver of the decline was the drop in deaths from illegal abortions. There were 39 deaths from illegal abortions in 1972, the last full year before Roe v. Wade. The total fell to 19 in 1973 and to single digits or zero every year after that. (The number of deaths from legal abortions has also declined since then, though with some slight variation over time.)

The number of deaths from induced abortions was considerably higher in the 1960s than afterward. For instance, there were 119 deaths from induced abortions in  1963  and 99 in  1965 , according to reports by the then-U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, a precursor to the Department of Health and Human Services. The CDC is a division of Health and Human Services.

Note: This is an update of a post originally published May 27, 2022, and first updated June 24, 2022.

Support for legal abortion is widespread in many countries, especially in Europe

Nearly a year after roe’s demise, americans’ views of abortion access increasingly vary by where they live, by more than two-to-one, americans say medication abortion should be legal in their state, most latinos say democrats care about them and work hard for their vote, far fewer say so of gop, positive views of supreme court decline sharply following abortion ruling, most popular.

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