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Traveling while pregnant: Your complete guide

Unless you're nearing your due date or have certain complications, your healthcare provider will generally give you the green light for pregnancy travel. Here's how to safely explore – plus what to consider before making plans.

Layan Alrahmani, M.D.

Is traveling while pregnant safe?

When to avoid pregnancy travel, when is the best time to travel while you're pregnant , can pregnant women travel during covid, when should you stop traveling while pregnant, your pregnancy travel checklist, when to call your doctor while traveling.

Yes, it's generally safe to travel during pregnancy as long as you're not too close to your due date and you're not experiencing any serious pregnancy complications. There are special precautions to take, of course, and you may find yourself stopping to use the bathroom more than you're used to, but that babymoon can be within reach.

Before you pack your suitcase, talk with your healthcare provider to make sure it’s safe for you to travel and that your destination is a good choice. You'll want to avoid places where infectious diseases are prevalent (or there are high outbreaks of Zika or malaria, for example). The COVID-19 pandemic has made people reconsider where they feel safe traveling as well; if you're fully vaccinated, the CDC says you can travel Opens a new window , but it's always best to check with your doctor first.

And bear in mind that the activities you take part in might be different than normal – you'll want to skip the Scuba diving lessons, for example (though snorkeling is okay!).

It's safe to fly when you're pregnant as well, and most airlines will allow you to fly domestically until about 36 weeks of pregnancy. International routes may have different rules, so be sure to check with your airline before booking anything. Your doctor will tell you to avoid flying, however, if you have a health concern that might require emergency care or any other health conditions that aren’t well controlled.

It's best to avoid traveling while pregnant if you have any health conditions that can be life-threatening to both you or your baby. If you have any of the following conditions, your doctor will almost certainly advise you against travel:

  • Placental abruption  
  • Preeclampsia
  • You're in preterm or active labor
  • Cervical insufficiency  (incompetent cervix)
  • Premature rupture of membranes (PROM)
  • A suspected ectopic pregnancy
  • Vaginal bleeding

You might also need to be extra-cautious or skip travel if you're experiencing intrauterine growth restriction , you have placenta previa , or you have other conditions that may place your pregnancy at a higher risk. It’s always a good idea to discuss your concerns with your healthcare provider before travel regarding any medical conditions you have, and they'll be able to advise you on what's best, depending on the trip.

The sweet spot for pregnancy travel is during your second trimester , between 14 weeks and 27 weeks. By the second trimester, any struggles you’ve had with morning sickness and fatigue during the earlier weeks of pregnancy should have hopefully subsided – and after 12 weeks, your risk of miscarriage decreases significantly as well. And you're not too far along to worry about third trimester exhaustion or going into preterm labor yet, either.

Your energy levels are likely to be good during your second trimester too (bring on the sightseeing!), and it will still be relatively easy and comfortable for you to travel and move around at this time. Keep in mind that once you hit that third trimester, pregnancy travel might be more difficult as you find it harder to move around and stay still for long periods of time.

It's complicated (and often a personal decision based on your own risk factors), but the CDC says that if you're fully vaccinated against COVID-19, you can travel. Of course, it's important you still do everything you can to keep yourself and others around you safe, including following all mask-wearing and social distancing guidelines in the destination you visit.

Women are at an increased risk for severe illness if they contract COVID-19 while pregnant , and they're more likely to experience preterm birth and other poor pregnancy outcomes. (This is why the CDC, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine all recommend that women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or are planning on becoming pregnant get the COVID vaccine .)

If you're vaccinated and decide to travel, the CDC advises avoiding international destinations that are designated Level 4, due to high rates of local COVID-19 transmission.

Take all this information into account and talk to your doctor before you decide on where and when to travel while you're pregnant. And if you experience any symptoms of COVID-19, whether while traveling or at home, call your healthcare provider as soon as possible.

The guidelines for when to stop traveling while you're pregnant vary based on your mode of travel, but more or less, you should wrap up travel before you're 36 weeks pregnant.

Most airlines will let pregnant women fly domestically until they're 36 weeks pregnant – and many cut that off earlier for international travel. This rule is often enforced on an honor system policy, but some airlines may ask for a doctor’s note – so make sure you have that from your healthcare provider if you're traveling in the third trimester, just in case.

Most cruise ships don't allow travel after 24 weeks of pregnancy. Some cruise lines' cutoff dates vary, so verify policies before booking a cruise.

As for road trips, there's no official deadline for when you need to stop traveling, but your personal comfort level (physically and emotionally) – and your doctor's advice – might help you decide. You can drive while pregnant all the way up until your due date, but things may get considerably less comfortable on longer trips as you approach full term.  

Travel of any kind requires advance preparation, but when you're pregnant and traveling, that pre-trip checklist gets a little longer. Give yourself a little more time than usual to plan for a trip – and use the tips below to stay safe and comfortable on your next adventure.

Before you travel

  • Talk to your healthcare provider to determine if your trip is safe for you and if there are any medical concerns to consider. It's a good idea to discuss any activities you plan to do while you're away too. If you're planning an international trip, make sure to ask about any vaccines you may need for the areas you're visiting.
  • Make sure you know your prenatal test schedule. Plan travels around any prenatal tests you need to schedule, including ultrasounds and other important screening tests.
  • Book an aisle seat. You'll likely be more comfortable being able to get up to stretch or go to the bathroom on longer flights.
  • Buy travel insurance. You don't need special travel insurance when you're pregnant, but it's never a bad idea to secure a policy. You may want to consider one with a “cancel for any reason” clause that reimburses you for money lost on cancelled trips for reasons (read: any reason) beyond what’s listed on the base policy. Check with your personal health insurance, too, to make sure it covers potential pregnancy complications while traveling internationally (some don’t). Consider adding evacuation insurance as part of a travel insurance plan, too.
  • Gather your medical records and health information . If you’re in your second or third trimester, ask your ob-gyn or midwife for a digital copy of your prenatal chart, and have that easily accessible during your trip. Typically, this chart includes your age, your blood type, the name and contact information for your healthcare provider, the date of your last menstrual period, your due date, information about any prior pregnancies, your risk factors for disease, results of pregnancy-related lab tests (including ultrasounds or other imaging tests), your medical and surgical history, and a record of vital signs taken at each visit.
  • Keep a list of key names and numbers you may need in the event of an emergency saved on your phone and written on a piece of paper (in case your battery dies).
  • Have a contingency plan for doctors and hospitals that will take your insurance where you're going in case you go into labor early or experience pregnancy complications that require urgent care while you're away from home.
  • Pack medicines and prenatal vitamins. That might include an extended supply of prescriptions and over-the-counter remedies , too. Bring enough to cover your entire trip and a written prescription that you can fill if you lose anything. It's a good idea to keep prescription medicine in its original container, so if your bags are searched it will be clear that you're not using medication without a prescription.
  • Prepare for the unexpected. On a road trip, that might mean an unexpected breakdown, so join an auto club that provides roadside assistance. Download any apps you use for renting cars and accessing boarding passes before you leave so you can easily reschedule things in the event of a last-minute cancellation.
  • If you're flying during your third trimester, be sure to call the airline to check about the cutoff week for pregnancy travel. A note from your doctor that says you’re cleared to travel is always good to have when traveling during your third trimester.

During your trip

  • Drink plenty of water and continue to eat healthy foods . Keep in mind that many restaurants abroad commonly serve unpasteurized foods (like soft cheeses and milk), which can be dangerous for pregnant women due to the presence of listeria.
  • Avoid eating raw or undercooked meat or fish , drinks with ice (which may be contaminated), non-bottled water, and other foods that can cause traveler's diarrhea, which can be more of a problem for pregnant women than other people.
  • On long flights and drives, take time to stretch by pulling over for a walk or strolling up and down the airplane aisle. And when seated, always wear your seat belt .
  • Maternity compression socks are handy to have along – both in transit and worn under your clothes while you’re out and about exploring – because they can ease the symptoms of swollen feet and legs. These are a few of our favorite pregnancy compression socks .
  • Take advantage of help. Many countries have dedicated lines in shops and airports for pregnant travelers, so don't feel any shame taking a shorter wait if you see one.
  • Go easy on yourself. Remember, you're growing a baby. You might not have quite the stamina for sightseeing and late nights like you used to pre-pregnancy. Make the most of your vacation but don't fret you miss out on things because you need more downtime from exploring than you usually would.
  • Don’t forget to get photos of your bump. When your baby is older, you'll have fun showing them all the places you traveled with them before they were born.
  • Go for the comfy shoes. Travel during pregnancy is the best reason ever to forgo those strappy stilettos for your favorite sneakers .
  • Pack snacks so you always have something to curb your appetite if there’s a long wait for a restaurant or you get stuck in transit or someplace remote with no food offerings.
  • Try to be in the moment with your travel partners as much as possible. Once your baby is born, your attention will be pulled in a whole new direction.

If you have any medical concerns traveling while pregnant, don’t hesitate to pick up the phone and call your doctor for advice. The below are a few symptoms that definitely warrant calling your ob-gyn or health care provider or seeking emergency care while traveling or at home:

  • Signs of pre-term labor (including a constant, low dull backache, bleeding, etc.)
  • Ruptured membranes (your water breaks)
  • Severe cramping
  • Spiking blood pressure
  • Severe nausea or vomiting
  • COVID-19 symptoms

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BabyCenter's editorial team is committed to providing the most helpful and trustworthy pregnancy and parenting information in the world. When creating and updating content, we rely on credible sources: respected health organizations, professional groups of doctors and other experts, and published studies in peer-reviewed journals. We believe you should always know the source of the information you're seeing. Learn more about our editorial and medical review policies .

AAFP. 2020. Ultrasound during pregnancy. American Academy of Family Physicians.  https://familydoctor.org/ultrasound-during-pregnancy/ Opens a new window [Accessed April 2023]

ACOG. 2020. FAQ055: Travel during pregnancy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/travel-during-pregnancy Opens a new window [Accessed April 2023]

CDC. 2019. Pregnant Travelers. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2020/family-travel/pregnant-travelers Opens a new window [Accessed April 2023]

CDC. 2022. Domestic Travel During Covid-19. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/travelers/travel-during-covid19.html Opens a new window [Accessed April 2023]

CDC 2023. International Travel During Covid-19. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/travelers/international-travel-during-covid19.html Opens a new window [Accessed April 2023]

CDC. 2022. Covid-19: Pregnant and Recently Pregnant People. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/pregnant-people.html Opens a new window [Accessed April 2023]

Terry Ward

Terry Ward is a freelance travel, health, and parenting writer who has covered everything from flying with toddlers to why you should travel with your kids even when they're too young to remember it. She lives in Tampa, Florida, with her husband and their young son and daughter, and enjoys camping, sailing, scuba diving, skiing, and almost anything else done in the great outdoors.

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Pregnancy Travel Tips

Medical review policy, latest update:, can you travel while pregnant , read this next, when should you stop traveling while pregnant, how should you prepare for a trip during pregnancy, what do pregnant women need to know about travel and the zika virus, travel tips for pregnant people, when should you seek medical care while traveling during pregnancy.

While traveling during pregnancy is generally considered safe for most moms-to-be, you’ll need to take some precautions before making any plans — and get the green light from your practitioner first.

What to Expect When You’re Expecting , 5th edition, Heidi Murkoff. WhatToExpect.com, Zika Virus and Pregnancy , October 2020. WhatToExpect.com, What to Know About COVID-19 if You’re Pregnant , February 2021. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Travel During Pregnancy , August 2020. Johns Hopkins Medicine, Traveling While Pregnant or Breastfeeding , 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, COVID-19 Travel Recommendations by Destination , May 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pregnant and Recently Pregnant People , May 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pregnant Travelers , December 2020. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Travel: Frequently Asked Questions and Answers , April 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, COVID-19 and Cruise Ship Travel , March 2020.

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American Pregnancy Association

Travel During Pregnancy

As long as there are no identified complications or concerns with your pregnancy, it is generally safe to travel during your pregnancy. The ideal time to travel during pregnancy is the second trimester .  In most cases, you are past the morning sickness of the first trimester and several weeks from the third stage of pregnancy when you are more easily fatigued .

Is it safe to travel during pregnancy?

Traveling by air is considered safe for women while they are pregnant; however, the following ideas might make your trip safer and more comfortable.

  • Most airlines allow pregnant women to travel through their eighth month. Traveling during the ninth month is usually allowed if there is permission from your health care provider.
  • Most airlines have narrow aisles and smaller bathrooms, which makes it more challenging to walk and more uncomfortable when using the restroom. Because of potential turbulence that could shake the plane, make sure you are holding on to the seatbacks while navigating the aisle.
  • You may want to choose an aisle seat which will allow you to get up more easily to reach the restroom or just to stretch your legs and back.
  • Travel on major airlines with pressurized cabins and avoid smaller private planes. If you must ride in smaller planes, avoid altitudes above 7,000 feet.
  • Although doubtful, the risk of DVT can be further reduced by wearing compression stockings.

The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the International Air Travel Association recommend that expecting mothers in an uncomplicated pregnancy avoid travel from the 37th week of pregnancy through birth. Avoiding travel from 32 weeks through birth is recommended for women who have complicated pregnancies with risk factors for premature labor, such as mothers carrying multiples.

Risk factors that warrant travel considerations include the following:

  • Severe anemia
  • Cardiac disease
  • Respiratory disease
  • Recent hemorrhage
  • Current or recent bone fractures

Traveling by Sea During Pregnancy

Traveling by sea is generally safe for women while they are pregnant; the motion of the boat may accentuate any morning sickness or make you feel nauseous all over again. There are a few considerations to make your trip safer and more comfortable:

  • Check with the cruise line to ensure that there is a health care provider on board in case there are any pregnancy complications .
  • Review the route and port-of-calls to identify if there is access to any medical facilities if needed.
  • Make sure any medications for seasickness are approved for women who are pregnant and that there is no risk to the developing baby.
  • Seasickness bands use acupressure points to help prevent upset stomach and maybe a good alternative to medication.

International Travel During Pregnancy

Traveling overseas has the same considerations that local or domestic travel has, but it also has additional concerns that you need to know about before making an international trip. The information below is provided to help you assess whether an international trip is good for you at this time:

  • It is important to talk with your health care provider before you take a trip internationally to discuss safety factors for you and your baby.
  • Discuss immunizations with your health care provider and carry a copy of your health records with you.
  • With international travel, you may be exposed to a disease that is rare here in the United States but is common in the country you visit.
  • Contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at (800) 311-3435 or visit their website at www.cdc.gov to receive safety information along with immunization facts related to your travels.
  • Diarrhea is a common concern when traveling overseas because you may not be used to the germs and organisms found in the food and water of other countries. This can lead to a problem of dehydration .

Here are some tips to avoid diarrhea and help keep you safe:

  • Drink plenty of bottled water
  • Used canned juices or soft drinks as alternatives
  • Make sure the milk is pasteurized
  • Avoid fresh fruits and vegetables unless they have been cooked or can be peeled (such as an orange or a banana)
  • Make certain that all meat and fish has been cooked completely; if you are unsure, do not eat it

Travel Tips During Pregnancy

Whether you are going by car, bus, or train, it is generally safe to travel while you are pregnant; however, there are some things to consider that could make your trip safer and more comfortable.

  • It is essential to buckle-up every time you ride in a car. Make sure that you use both the lap and shoulder belts for the best protection of you and your baby.
  • Keep the airbags turned on. The safety benefits of the airbag outweigh any potential risk to you and your baby.
  • Buses tend to have narrow aisles and small restrooms. This mode of transportation can be more challenging.  The safest thing is to remain seated while the bus is moving. If you must use the restroom, make sure to hold on to the rail or seats to keep your balance.
  • Trains usually have more room to navigate and walk. The restrooms are usually small. It is essential to hold on to rails or seat backs while the train is moving.
  • Try to limit the amount of time you are cooped up in the car, bus, or train. Keep travel time around five to six hours.
  • Use rest stops to take short walks and to do stretches to keep the blood circulating.
  • Dress comfortably in loose cotton clothing and wear comfortable shoes.
  • Take your favorite pillow.
  • Plan for plenty of rest stops, restroom breaks and stretches.
  • Carry snack foods with you.
  • If you are traveling any distance, make sure to carry a copy of your prenatal records.
  • Enjoy the trip.

Want to Know More?

  • How to Treat Jet Lag Naturally During Pregnancy

Compiled using information from the following sources:

1. Planning Your Pregnancy and Birth Third Ed. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Ch. 5. William’s Obstetrics Twenty-Second Ed. Cunningham, F. Gary, et al, Ch. 8.

2. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Air Travel and Pregnancy (Scientific Impact Paper No. 1), https://www.rcog.org/uk, May 22, 2013.

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daily travel during pregnancy

Planning to travel while you're pregnant? You'll want to know what's safe, what isn't, and which precautions to take before, during, and after your trip.

There are several factors that can affect travel during your pregnancy: your pregnancy stage when the trip is planned; whether there have been any complications during the pregnancy; the type of travel; and the distance that the trip will take you from home.

Pregnancy Stage: Travel Implications

Travel during the first and second trimesters is usually considered to be safe, although it may be more tiring than usual.

Traveling during the first trimester of pregnancy may pose a few challenges, especially if you're experiencing morning sickness, nausea, or fatigue. And the risk of bleeding or miscarriage is the greatest during these months.

The second trimester is the time in your pregnancy when you probably feel the best and have the most energy. This is a great time for a trip. In fact, vacationing with your partner during this period might be an ideal chance to spend some fun time alone together before the baby arrives!

Travel in the third trimester may be uncomfortable and can be risky, because you could go into labor many miles away from your own healthcare providers and hospital. Some airlines do not let women fly during their last month of pregnancy without a doctor's letter of permission. Quite often, that letter must be written within 72 hours of flight time.

Types of Travel

Traveling by car is likely to be the most comfortable means of getting around during pregnancy. When driving or riding in a car, stop every hour or two and walk around to stretch your legs — this will promote good circulation. Remember to always fasten your seat belt. Place the lap belt portion under your abdomen and position the shoulder harness between your breasts.

Flying shouldn't cause any problems in your first two trimesters. Be sure to:

Plan your schedule so that you're not rushed and have plenty of time between connecting flights

Request an aisle seat so that you have a little more room and can easily get to the bathroom as needed.

Walk up and down the aisle every hour or so to promote circulation in your legs.

While sitting, flex your feet toward your face and make circles with your feet.

Wearing support hose or flight socks also stimulates circulation in your legs when you have to sit for long periods of time.

Drink enough fluids to stay well hydrated.

Travel by boat, particularly if it's a large cruise ship, also should pose no particular problems in the first two trimesters. And most cruise ships have medical personnel aboard should you need assistance. If you're sensitive to motion, you might want to take medication to prevent motion sickness; ask your healthcare provider what would be safe to take during pregnancy. You can also wear the anti-nausea acupressure wristbands that are available over-the-counter at your pharmacy.

Long Distance and International Travel

If you plan to travel far from home, you can be prepared by being sure there are good sources of medical care at your destination. Take your pregnancy records with you, including tests you've had done, medications you're taking, your blood type, and any other information that might be helpful when you're out of town.

If you have to travel out of the country, it is important to take copies of your prescriptions for medications, in case your medications become lost. Be sure your immunizations are up to date before planning a trip to countries where vaccinations are necessary; also, keep in mind that some vaccines may not be safe to update during pregnancy.

Be aware that changes in climate or altitude and types of food could cause you more discomfort when you're pregnant. Limit exertion for a couple days after your arrival at your destination, particularly if the climate is hot or the altitude is high; this will allow your body to adjust to these changes.

In addition to the above considerations, always consult your healthcare provider before planning a trip, particularly if you'll be experiencing changes in altitude. She may be able to give you a medical contact in the area of your destination, in case you'd need to see a physician while you're away from home.

With a little advance planning and some wise precautions, travel during your pregnancy can be safe and enjoyable. Bon voyage!

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Where You Already Belong

Flying while pregnant? Here’s what you need to know

Summer Hull

Editors note: This guide has been updated with the latest information.

During pregnancy, seemingly harmless things like eating deli meat and cleaning your cat's litter box are suddenly off-limits, along with more obvious restrictions on sports like skiing and scuba diving.

But what about "grey area" activities like flying in an airplane?

There's no single set of guidelines governing air travel during pregnancy and every airline has different restrictions, timelines and requirements. Some airlines may also require a medical certificate from a primary attending doctor or midwife for air travel during the final months of pregnancy, though even that varies, with U.S. airlines typically offering more flexibility than international carriers.

For more TPG news delivered each morning to your inbox, sign up for our daily newsletter .

In the absence of clear guidelines, TPG turned to Dr. Nithya Gopal , a board-certified OB-GYN physician and the Director of OB-GYN services at Viva Eve in New York City, for her expert recommendations on safe air travel during pregnancy.

Here's what she had to say:

Is it safe to fly when you are pregnant?

There is no evidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes due to flying, according to Dr. Gopal.

"The general consensus is that it is safest to fly in the first and second trimesters," Dr. Gopal told The Points Guy. "While the first and third trimesters tend to be when the most obstetric emergencies are going to happen, I personally become more cautious with my patients after 32 weeks because of the increased risk for premature labor and the possibility of needing urgent medical attention when you are in the sky."

daily travel during pregnancy

The most important thing you can do, no matter how far along you are in your pregnancy, is to consult with your healthcare provider before flying.

"Any time you are planning to fly during pregnancy , you should be having that conversation," Dr. Gopal said. Your provider will be familiar with any safety precautions you should take to ensure a safe and healthy flight.

Related: Guide to flying in each trimester of pregnancy

The airline you are flying may have its own cutoff, so you will want to confirm with it beforehand whether you will be allowed to fly if you are in (or nearing) your third trimester. We've included a chart below that outlines the rules for most major airline carriers.

What can you do to stay comfortable on a flight?

daily travel during pregnancy

When you factor in morning sickness and general pregnancy discomfort with the increased risk for blood clots that all fliers need to be aware of, flying during pregnancy can be uncomfortable even when it is deemed safe.

Dr. Gopal shared her recommendations for addressing these common issues when you take to the (baby-) friendly skies during pregnancy. Her number one tip for staying comfortable while in flight is to wear compression socks to help maintain blood flow and reduce swelling in the legs.

In addition, "I also tell my patients to get up and move at least every hour when they are on the plane," Dr. Gopal said.

To prevent clotting, "some doctors may also prescribe a low-dose aspirin," she added. "It isn't something that is recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), but it isn't harmful, either."

If it's nausea or acid reflux that ail you, there are medications generally considered safe that you can take to alleviate your symptoms. These would be the same ones prescribed by your doctor for morning sickness, so speak with your provider before your flight to ensure you have what you need at the ready.

Dr. Gopal also advises wearing loose, unrestrictive clothing (along with your seatbelt, or course) and drinking extra fluids to counteract the pressurized air in the cabin and keep you hydrated.

"Over-the-counter Gas-X may also help with bloating that can happen as a result of the pressurized air," Dr. Gopal said.

Related: What happens when a baby is born in flight?

Must you speak with your healthcare provider before flying?

daily travel during pregnancy

Even if your pregnancy is considered low-risk, it's always a smart idea to speak with your healthcare provider before flying. "There are a number of potential risks that go along with flying during pregnancy and those risks can change from week to week and month to month, so it's important to have that honest conversation with your doctor," Dr. Gopal said.

Related: Things You Should Do Before, During and After Flying to Stay Healthy

There are certain pregnancy conditions that may make flying more risky or unadvisable. If you are hypertensive, asthmatic or prone to clotting disorders, it's even more critical to speak with your doctor before flying.

Airline policies differ, but if you need documentation, it never hurts to include enough detail to satisfy the most stringent airline requirements.

"As with many things related to air travel, it's better to be safe than sorry," Dr. Gopal said. "It's definitely worth it, and sometimes necessary, to have medical documentation from your provider's office."

A thorough medical certificate or waiver should state:

  • The number of weeks of pregnancy.
  • The estimated delivery date.
  • Whether the pregnancy is single or multiple.
  • Whether there are any complications.
  • That you are in good health and fit to travel through the date of your final flight.

Additionally, the certificate should be:

  • Written on official clinic or hospital letterhead if possible.
  • Signed by the doctor or attending midwife.
  • Be dated no later than 72 hours before the departure date.
  • Be written in clear, simple English.

Carry this certificate with you on your flight. Some airlines won't ask to see it, but others will. Some airlines also may have their own documentation requirements. See the chart below to find out which airlines require it.

Airline policies for pregnant women

Bottom line.

daily travel during pregnancy

Even though it may be deemed safe, flying during pregnancy can be uncomfortable — and it is perfectly acceptable to implement your own cutoff for flying with your baby bump in tow. The majority of the time, though, flying is perfectly safe during pregnancy, providing that you follow the guidelines of the airline and your healthcare provider. Read on to learn more about traveling before, during and after pregnancy:

  • What to expect in every trimester of pregnancy
  • 4 tips for planning travel while planning a pregnancy
  • Babymoon boom! These are the top 10 spots for a US getaway before the baby comes
  • Flying with a baby checklist

Additional reporting by Katherine Fan and Tarah Chieffi.

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Here Are the Rules for Flying When You're Pregnant

Whether you're newly pregnant or planning a babymoon right before welcoming your baby, here's what parents-to-be need to know about airline travel during each trimester.

Expectant parents need to know: Can you fly when pregnant?

While it's mostly OK to travel until the last few weeks of pregnancy, there are some precautions to take depending on when you decide to book a trip and how high risk your pregnancy is. Here's what you need to know before your next vacation.

Pregnancy and Flying: Your Trimester by Trimester Guide

As a general rule of thumb, most airlines will allow pregnant people to fly right up until week 36 of pregnancy, but you should absolutely do your research before booking your flight to check restrictions. You'll also want to consult with your OB-GYN or midwife before traveling—especially if you're at a higher risk for complications during pregnancy.

GETTY IMAGES

Before you travel

While you may be accustomed to planning a vacation on a whim or only packing your usual necessities, there's one extra thing you should consider doing before booking a flight during your pregnancy: Opt for travel insurance.

Should travel restrictions change, your health care provider recommends you stay home, or if you experience any concerning symptoms —like bleeding, abdominal pain, swelling, headaches, vision changes, or decreased fetal movement—you'll want to postpone or cancel your plans and see your doctor as soon as possible.

According to the ACOG, travel is not recommended for pregnant people with certain complications like preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), or who are at risk of preterm labor.

First trimester

Flying earlier on in pregnancy is actually considered pretty safe. And, no, metal detectors won't harm your fetus.

"Pregnant women can observe the same basic precautions for air travel as the general public," Raul Artal, M.D., former vice chairman of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Committee on Obstetric Practice, previously told Parents .

One thing pregnant air travelers should take extra precautions to avoid at any trimester? Blood clots, which pregnant people are 7 times more likely to develop—especially during long flights. To help minimize your risk, you can book an aisle seat, walk around every so often, and wiggle your legs and toes while seated.

And since morning sickness and fatigue might be your biggest first trimester complaints, you may want to check with your health care provider about bringing anti-nausea medicine with you.

Second trimester

According to the ACOG, "The best time to travel is mid-pregnancy (14 to 28 weeks). During these weeks, your energy has returned, morning sickness is improved or gone, and you are still able to get around easily. After 28 weeks , it may be harder to move around or sit for a long time."

If you're flying during your second trimester, it's a good idea to stay hydrated, think about wearing support stockings to reduce edema and clot risk, and make sure you've done your research on hospitals located near your destination should an emergency arise.

Carrying twins or more? Your health care provider might recommend you stop traveling earlier due to the higher risk of complications.

Third trimester

How late in pregnancy can you fly? If you're relatively healthy—and not at risk of complications like preterm labor, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, or placenta previa—then you're usually OK to travel up until 36 weeks, though some OB-GYNs may prefer you stay closer to your home near the end should you encounter any complications or in case your baby comes sooner than expected.

High-risk patients—and especially those with pregnancy-induced hypertension, diabetes, and sickle-cell disease—may be advised not to fly after 24 weeks—or not at all.

Check with your doctor before traveling at the end of your pregnancy.

Travelling in pregnancy

With the proper precautions such as travel insurance, most women can travel safely well into their pregnancy.

Wherever you go, find out what healthcare facilities are at your destination in case you need urgent medical attention. It's a good idea to take your maternity medical records (sometimes called handheld notes) with you so you can give doctors the relevant information if necessary.

Find out more about getting healthcare abroad .

Make sure your travel insurance covers you for any eventuality, such as pregnancy-related medical care during labour, premature birth and the cost of changing the date of your return trip if you go into labour .

When to travel in pregnancy

Some women prefer not to travel in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy because of  nausea and vomiting and feeling very tired during these early stages. The risk of  miscarriage is also higher in the first 3 months, whether you're travelling or not.

Travelling in the final months of pregnancy can be tiring and uncomfortable. So, many women find the best time to travel or take a holiday is in mid-pregnancy, between 4 and 6 months.

Flying in pregnancy

Flying isn't harmful to you or your baby, but discuss any health issues or pregnancy complications with your midwife or doctor before you fly.

The chance of going into labour is naturally higher after  37 weeks (around 32 weeks if you're carrying twins), and some airlines won't let you fly towards the end of your pregnancy. Check with the airline for their policy on this.

After week 28 of pregnancy, the airline may ask for a letter from your doctor or midwife confirming your due date, and that you are not at risk of complications. You may have to pay for the letter and wait several weeks before you get it.

Long-distance travel (longer than 4 hours) carries a small risk of blood clots (deep vein thrombosis (DVT)) . If you fly, drink plenty of water and move about regularly – every 30 minutes or so. You can buy a pair of graduated compression or support stockings from the pharmacy, which will help reduce leg swelling.

Travel vaccinations when you're pregnant

Most vaccines that use live bacteria or viruses aren't recommended during pregnancy because of concerns that they could harm the baby in the womb.

However, some live travel vaccines may be considered during pregnancy if the risk of infection outweighs the risk of live vaccination. Ask your GP or midwife for advice about specific travel vaccinations. Non-live (inactivated) vaccines are safe to use in pregnancy.

Malaria tablets

Some anti-malaria tablets aren't safe to take in pregnancy so ask your GP for advice.

Zika virus is mainly spread by mosquitoes found in some parts of the world. For most people it's mild and not harmful, but can cause problems if you're pregnant.

If you are pregnant, it is not recommended to travel to parts of the world where the Zika virus is present, such as parts of:

  • South and Central America
  • the Caribbean
  • the Pacific islands

Check before you travel

It's important to check the risk for the country you're going to before you travel.

Find out more about the Zika virus risk in specific countries on the Travel Health Pro website

Car travel in pregnancy

It's best to avoid long car journeys if you're pregnant. However, if it can't be avoided, make sure you stop regularly and get out of the car to stretch and move around.

You can also do some exercises in the car (when you're not driving), such as flexing and rotating your feet and wiggling your toes. This will keep the blood flowing through your legs and reduce any stiffness and discomfort. Wearing compression stockings while on long car journeys (more than 4 hours) can also increase the blood flow in your legs and help prevent blood clots.

Tiredness and dizziness are common during pregnancy so it's important on car journeys to drink regularly and eat natural, energy-giving foods, such as fruit and nuts.

Keep the air circulating in the car and wear your seatbelt with the cross strap between your breasts and the lap strap across your pelvis under your bump, not across your bump.

Road accidents are among the most common causes of injury in pregnant women. If you have to make a long trip, don't travel on your own. You could also share the driving with your companion.

Sailing in pregnancy

Ferry companies have their own restrictions and may refuse to carry heavily pregnant women (often beyond 32 weeks on standard crossings and 28 weeks on high-speed crossings ). Check the ferry company's policy before you book.

For longer boat trips, such as cruises, find out if there are onboard facilities to deal with pregnancy and medical services at the docking ports.

Food and drink abroad in pregnancy

Take care to avoid food- and water-borne conditions, such as stomach upsets and travellers' diarrhoea . Some medicines for treating stomach upsets and travellers' diarrhoea aren't suitable during pregnancy.

Always check if tap water is safe to drink. If in doubt, drink bottled water. If you get ill, keep hydrated and continue eating for the health of your baby, even if you're not hungry.

Find out about a healthy diet in pregnancy , and foods to avoid in pregnancy .

Page last reviewed: 17 August 2022 Next review due: 17 August 2025

daily travel during pregnancy

  • Second Trimester
  • Travel During Pregnancy

Checklist: What to Bring When Traveling While Pregnant

woman traveled to Honolulu while pregnant

Whoever said it’s about the journey and not the destination has never flown economy while pregnant. Whether you’re on vacation or a business trip, the usual indignities only get worse when you’re expecting—crowded seats feel super-cramped, and dry, recirculating air does extra damage on pregnancy-sensitive skin. Then there’s the heightened risk of blood clots and dehydration, just to name a few more inconveniences standing in the way between you and that sandy-white beach (or a drab but now appealingly expansive conference hall). We can’t make the misery disappear, but we can recommend a few expert-approved items to stash in your carry-on that’ll make a world of a difference.

daily travel during pregnancy

1. Anti-nausea Treatment

Not-so-fun fact: Women who are prone to motion sickness are likelier to suffer from morning sickness , says Shannon M. Clark, associate professor of maternal-fetal medicine at University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston. If you’re one of the unlucky ducks vulnerable to this double-whammy, then you definitely need to bring your ginger tea or lollipops , prescription anti-nausea meds or motion-sickness bands —whatever works for you on the ground will help in the air.

2. Comfortable Shoes

Note the plural. That’s because you need to make sure to wear flats onto the plane. (We’re partial to ballet flats—they’re cute, easy to slip on and off at the security gate, and are comfy for walking up and down the aisle during the flight—which you definitely should do to keep that circulation going). But you should also pack a pair of flip-flops, which Clark did when traveling with twins on the way. “Your feet will swell up, so your size at the end of the trip won’t be necessarily the same as they were in the beginning of the trip,” Clark says. Rather than cramming them into your shoes, flip-flops are an easy solution (as are some other light but stretchy weather-appropriate shoe).

3. Compression Socks

These are helpful even if you’re not pregnant, but if you are, they’re practically mandatory, given that your circulation will be poor in the lower part of your legs. Wear these socks on board and you’ll keep your circulation humming along, preventing varicose veins as well as potentially life-threatening clots. Choose a pair that feels snug but not restrictive. (And yes, you still need to walk around every couple of hours, even when you’re wearing these socks.)

What kind depends on you. If you’re suffering from back pain, you might consider a lumbar support pillow—you know, the kind you slip onto an office chair. Others might prefer a neck-support pillow or a moldable pillow, which you can squish any which way until you feel comfortable. Clark says she was comfy with just a pillow from home.

5. Pregnancy Support Belt

If you’ve got a big-time belly, these belly bands can provide support, whether you’re racing from gate to gate at the airport or trying to get comfortable in your seat, Clark says.

6. Panty Liners and an Extra Panty

We don’t have to remind you that pregnancy can bring along more discharge than usual. An extra pair of underwear and a good stash of liners can keep you feeling a teensy bit fresher than you would otherwise.

7. Reflux Meds

If you’re experiencing GI troubles, you’re more likely to suffer from them while traveling, so be sure to pack whatever you’ve been taking at home. (By the way, remember to grab your prenatal vitamins when traveling too.)

You’re shivering one moment but raging hot the next. Dress in layers (complete with a tank top as your base layer) and don’t leave home without this handy cover-up, which also doubles as a blanket. Bring it in a neutral color and it’ll work as an extremely versatile accessory too.

Cravings don’t stop just because you’re thousands of feet up in the air, and those tiny pretzel packets won’t cut it. Spare yourself the misery and keep a stash of your favorites on your person at all times. (High-protein picks keep cravings in check—anything with peanut butter or full-on nuts is a good bet.)

Obviously. Grab a bottle size that’s appropriate for the duration of your trip—plus an extra. “You never know if you’ll end up with delays,” says Clark, who prefers to bring her own bottle. “I like to see where my water comes from,” she says. If you end up having to ask your flight attendant for water, specify that you want “water from a bottle,” she adds.

Published December 2017

Plus, more from The Bump:

Travel Tips for Moms-to-Be

How Late is Too Late to Fly While Pregnant?

11 Babymoon Trips and Tips from Real Couples

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Travel during pregnancy

Being pregnant doesn’t mean you have to be stuck at home. If you’re going on a business trip or taking a vacation, there are ways you can stay healthy and safe when traveling during pregnancy.

Is it safe to travel when you’re pregnant?

If you have a healthy pregnancy, it’s usually safe to travel. But talk to your health care provider before planning any trip.

If you have a health condition, such as heart disease, or if you’ve had pregnancy complications, such as  gestational diabetes , your provider may suggest you limit travel.

Even if your pregnancy is healthy, tell your provider about your travel plans. You may need to rearrange your prenatal care visits so you don’t miss any while you’re away.

When is the best time to travel during pregnancy?

The best time to travel depends on how you feel. Many pregnant women like to travel during the second trimester. At this time, you may not have as much  morning sickness  or be as tired as you were at the beginning of your pregnancy. And while your belly’s getting bigger, it’s still comfortable for you to move around. As you get closer to your  due date , walking, sitting and even sleeping can be very uncomfortable.

During the second trimester, you’re also less likely to have a pregnancy emergency, such as  miscarriage  or preterm labor. Miscarriage is when a baby dies in the womb before 20 weeks of pregnancy. Preterm labor is labor that happens too early, before 37 weeks of pregnancy.

How can you get ready for your trip?

Plan ahead and follow these tips to stay safe when traveling during pregnancy:

  • Ask your airline if they have a cut-off time for traveling during pregnancy. You can fly on most airlines up to 36 weeks of pregnancy. But if you’re flying out of the country, the cut-off time may be earlier.
  • Check to see what medical care your health insurance covers. Health insurance helps you pay for medical care. Most insurance plans cover emergency medical care no matter where you are. But you need to know what your plan means by “emergency” to know exactly what it will pay for.
  • Think about buying travel insurance. This is insurance you buy in addition to your regular health insurance. It covers you for medical care while traveling in another country. You also can buy travel insurance that refunds some of your costs if you have to cancel your trip. Visit  USA.gov  to learn more about the different kinds of travel insurance.
  • Learn about medical care available where you’re headed. Your provider may be able to recommend a provider in the area where you’re going. If you’re traveling in the United States, you can find a provider through the  American Medical Association . If you’re traveling overseas, find a provider through the  International Association for Medical Assistance to Travelers’ database .
  • Pack a copy of your medical records, your provider’s phone number, your  prenatal vitamins  and any medicine you need. Keep these things in your purse, a carry-on or a bag you plan to have with you at all times. This way, they’re always handy.
  • Visit the  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)  for information about  vaccinations ,  travel alerts , managing health conditions during your trip and other ways you can stay healthy during travel.
  • If you can, travel with someone. Don’t travel alone if you don’t have to.

Is it safe to travel to places where Zika is spreading if you're pregnant?

Zika virus (also called Zika) can cause illness that lasts several days to a week. It usually spreads to people through mosquito bites. But if you get infected with  Zika during pregnancy , you can pass the virus to your baby. Zika infection during pregnancy can cause serious problems for your baby. 

If you're pregnant or trying to get pregnant, don't travel to a Zika-affected area unless you absolutely have to. If you do travel, protect yourself and your family from mosquito bites. Check  CDC travel alerts  often for updates. 

When should you seek medical care during travel?

If you have any of the following signs and symptoms during your trip, get medical help right away:

  • Belly pain or cramps
  • Contractions  (when the muscles of your uterus get tight and then relax)
  • Severe headaches
  • Leg swelling or pain
  • Vaginal bleeding  (when blood comes out of your vagina) or you pass blood tissue or clots
  • Vision problems
  • Your water breaks. This can be in a large gush or a continuous trickle.

How can you stay safe when traveling by plane?

If your pregnancy is healthy, it’s usually safe to travel by plane.

Follow these tips when traveling by air:

  • If you’ve had morning sickness during pregnancy, ask your provider if you can take medicine to help with nausea.
  • Book an aisle seat so you don't have to climb over other passengers when you need to get up to use the restroom or walk around. Try sitting towards the front of the plane where the ride feels smoother.
  • Drink plenty of water. Don’t drink carbonated drinks, such as soda. And don’t eat foods, such as beans, that may cause gas. Gas in your belly can expand at high altitudes and make you feel uncomfortable.
  • Fasten your seat belt when you’re in your seat. This can help keep you from getting hurt in case of turbulence. Turbulence happens when the air around a flying plane causes a bumpy ride.
  • Wear loose, comfortable clothing. Flex your ankles during the flight, and take a walk when it's safe to leave your seat. Doing these things can help your blood flow and lower your risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a blood clot inside a vein. Sitting for long stretches of time during any kind of travel raises your chances of having DVT. Ask your health care provider if you should wear support stockings during your flight. They may help prevent DVT. But if you have  diabetes  or problems with blood circulation, you probably shouldn’t wear them.
  • Tell the flight attendant if you feel sick or very uncomfortable during your flight. Contact your provider as soon as you can.

How can you stay safe when traveling by car?

If you're pregnant and traveling by car, follow these tips:

  • Wear your seat belt.
  • Try not to drive more than 5 to 6 hours per day. If you can, break your trip into several days with shorter drive times each day.
  • During long drives, drink water, wear loose-fitting clothes and take breaks to get out of the car to walk around and stretch. And ask your provider if you should wear support stockings. Doing these things can lower your risk of DVT. Don’t turn off your car’s air bags. Airbags can keep you and your baby safe in a crash.
  • Tilt your seat and move it as far as possible from the dashboard or steering wheel. If you’re driving, though, make sure you can reach the foot pedals.
  • If you’re in an accident, get medical help right away.

How can you stay safe when traveling by ship?

If you’re pregnant and traveling on a ship, such as a cruise vacation, follow these tips:

  • Call your cruise line to confirm that a health care provider will be on the ship at all times. Ask what medical care may be available at each port stop. Ask if your ship has passed a  CDC health inspection .
  • Ask your provider if you can take medicine to help prevent or treat sea sickness.
  • Wash your hands  often and wash any fruits and vegetables you eat during the cruise to help avoid getting infections.

How can you stay safe when traveling out of the country?

If your pregnancy is healthy, it may be safe for you to travel abroad. But check with your provider before you make plans. If you have certain pregnancy complications, such as incompetent cervix (when the cervix opens too early), or if you’re pregnant with  twins, triplets or more , your provider may recommend that you not travel out of the country.

If you’re thinking about traveling out of the country, follow these tips:

  • Talk to your provider about your travel plans. Ask about pregnancy complications and if it’s safe to travel to the country you’re planning to visit. Ask your provider about vaccinations you need before your trip and about taking medicine with you.
  • Find out what your health insurance covers when traveling outside the country. And think about buying travel insurance.
  • Find a provider or a medical center in the country you’re planning to visit before you leave home. Look for a center where providers can manage pregnancy complications, perform emergency  cesarean sections (c-sections)  and care for premature babies. The  International Association for Medical Assistance  can help find this kind of information.
  • Make sure the country you’re planning to visit regularly screens stored blood for  HIV , hepatitis B and hepatitis C. This is very important if you need a blood transfusion or if your baby is at risk of  Rh disease . Visit the  U. S. Department of State website  for information on blood screening by country.
  • Take a copy of your medical records with you. Know what your blood type is.
  • Register with the American embassy or consulate  once you arrive. Staff there can help if you need to get out of the country during an emergency.
  • If you don’t speak the local language, take a dictionary.

Last reviewed: April, 2016

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How to Travel During Pregnancy in 12 Steps

Most pregnant women should have no concerns traveling during pregnancy. There are certain tips to help make your trip the safest and most comfortable it can be. As long as there are no identified complications or concerns with your pregnancy, it is generally safe to travel during your pregnancy.

  • Medical Permission : Make sure your Ob-Gyn has been notified of the travel dates and the distance / method of travel. Any medical concerns the doctor has should also be discussed well in advance of the trip dates.
  • Take a Friend : Whenever possible, pregnant women should not travel alone. If a complication would occur, having a friend by your side can be just the tool you need to receive the best care in the fastest time possible.
  • Medical Records : Also as a safety precaution, the pregnant women should carry all prenatal records with her to her destination. These records can be used to assess the care needed and allowed based on the week into gestation and previous / current care techniques.
  • Short Trips are Best : Even if there is a long trip at the end of the travel time, taking shorter day trips and stopping for the night early are the safest choices when pregnant. Sitting for long periods of time is not good for the circulation of a pregnant woman.
  • Circulation : Whether traveling by car or by air, circulation is a major concern. Stretching the legs and body often and propping up the feet whenever possible will keep mom comfortable and healthy along the way.
  • Seatbelt Safety During Pregnancy : If traveling by car, it is important to place the seatbelt just right over the growing belly. The lower strap should rest below the belly and the body strap through the middle of the breasts.
  • Immunizations Needed? : Planning travel to countries that require immunizations is not allowed during pregnancy. Many of these immunizations are unsafe for the fetus.
  • Snacks and Meals : Going for long periods of time without a healthy snack or meal during travel is not good for the energy levels of mom or baby. Remember, you are eating for two and not just you.
  • Hydration : While many people do not like to stop while traveling, this is not an option when traveling with a pregnant woman. Drinking often and stopping for frequent breaks is important. Travel times should allow an extra day or two.
  • Frequent Breaks : Stopping every hour or two when driving will help the pregnant woman to keep circulation moving and prevent swelling and pain from sitting for long periods of time. During these stops it is a great idea to walk around for 15 minutes. These breaks are also the perfect time to hydrate and take in a snack or meal.
  • Know When to Stop : Travel is only advised up to the 36th week of gestation. After this, the time has come for mom to put in her roots and wait for baby to arrive. If emergency travel needs to happen after the 36th week, the obstetrician will need to make the final call.
  • Staying Comfortable Traveling while Pregnant: What To Expect And How To Stay Safe
  • Uncategorized

Traveling while pregnant is a little different than before you were pregnant. You may find that your body has changed in ways that make it more difficult for you to endure long car rides, jetlag, and such.

The days of just going where and when you want are coming to a close. Now you have to consider if you're “allowed” or if it is safe for you and your baby!

Whether you're going you're on vacation or moving around the country, traveling safely can be possible. Here are some tips you can do to keep yourself and your baby safe!

Why I am here and who I am:

Hey mama, I am Trish— AKA Labor Nurse Mama. I am a labor and delivery nurse with over 15 years of high-risk OB experience. I am also a mama to 7 kids and have given birth to 6. This means I am quite familiar with the postpartum period and how to navigate it. I am the online birth class educator for  Calm Labor Confident Birth  and  The VBAC Lab birth classes  and the mama expert inside our  Calm Mama Society ,  a pregnancy & postpartum membership community! I am passionate about your birth and motherhood journey! You can find me over on IG teaching over 230k mamas daily. I am passionate about your birth and motherhood journey!

We make a small commission from some of the links (you don’t pay any more for using our links); however some of the recommendations, we do not earn anything; we love ’em and want you to know about them.  Click here for our full disclosure . Thank you!

daily travel during pregnancy

Is it safe to travel when you’re pregnant?

The short answer is yes.

First things first: traveling while pregnant is not a one-size-fits-all experience. Some women have zero problems traveling long hours while others are more sensitive and require extra attention to their health.

Factors such as your weight and age will also affect how easy it is to travel while pregnant.

Traveling during pregnancy can be stressful for a lot of reasons and one of them is worrying about the safety of your unborn baby.

The CDC says pregnant women who must travel should consider postponing the trip until after they are done having a baby.

My advice? Talk to your healthcare provider before traveling. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), traveling isn't advised if you have a history of:

  • Miscarriage
  • Incompetent cervix
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Premature labor or premature rupture of membranes
  • Placental abnormalities
  • Threatened miscarriage or vaginal bleeding during the current pregnancy
  • Toxemia, high blood pressure, or diabetes with any pregnancy
  • Heart valve disease or congestive heart failure
  • Blood clots

And dealing with…

  • Severe anemia
  • Chronic organ system problems that need to be treated
  • Infertility AKA difficulty getting pregnant
  • Pregnancy for the first time over the age of 35 years
  • Multiple fetuses in the current pregnancy

It is also advised for pregnant women to avoid traveling under the following conditions:

  • Trips that involve high altitudes
  • Any destination with outbreaks of life-threatening food- or insect-borne infections
  • Any destination where live-virus vaccines are needed or recommended
  • Any destination with high cases of malaria and Zika virus transmission

Side note: Still can't think of a baby name for your baby girl? Check out the Top 20 Sweetest Baby Girl Names of 2021

daily travel during pregnancy

How can you stay safe when traveling by plane?

Nowadays, many airlines offer special facilities for expectant mothers, such as comfortable seats and special food offerings. Some airlines have also created special kits for parents-to-be that contain everything from snacks to diapers. (I had an amazing experience on Japan Airlines when I flew with my little guy!) Most airlines will let you check in early (before takeoff) to ensure that you get a seat and are settled before the rush.

Here are some safety air travel tips:

  • Book an aisle seat. Aisle seats give you the most comfort and space. Alternatively, seats over the wing in the midplane region give you the smoothest riding experience too.
  • If you're dealing with morning sickness, book your flight during the time of the day when you feel at your best.
  • Fly at off-peak hours so that there's less crowding and stress during your plane ride.
  • While waiting, try walking every half hour. You can also do it during a smooth flight. The point is to flex your ankles during your flight. Doing so helps your blood flow and lowers your risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), AKA blood clots in the veins.
  • Any flight that takes longer than 4 hours can be considered a long-distance trip which puts you at risk of DVT as well. Aside from walking every 30 minutes, make sure to drink lots of water.   Compression stockings   (which you can get from the pharmacy) will also help reduce leg swelling.
  • Fasten your seat belt at the pelvis level, right below your hips.
  • Worst case scenario: Consider purchasing a seat upgrade if there are space constraints at the gate during those times — even if it means paying more money upfront.

daily travel during pregnancy

How can you stay safe when traveling by car?

If possible, try to avoid long road trips but if you  really have to  drive long distances, be sure to do frequent stopovers, get out of the car, get water breaks, stretch, and move around. 

  • If possible, drive less than 5 hours per day. If it's a super long trip, break your travel into several days with a maximum of 4 drive times per day.
  • When driving in bad weather, be sure to drive slowly on slippery roads and take the appropriate precautions for driving in inclement weather conditions.
  • Fatigue, nausea, and dizziness are your worst enemy during car trips so make sure to stay hydrated and eat healthy, energy-giving foods such as fruit and nuts.
  • Fasten your seatbelt but DON”T DO IT ACROSS YOUR BUMP! Wear the cross strap between your breasts and the lap strap across your pelvis.
  • Keep air circulating inside the car.
  • You can also do some exercises in the car (when you're not driving), such as flexing and rotating your feet and wiggling your toes. This will keep the blood flowing through your legs and reduce any stiffness and discomfort. Wearing compression stockings while on long car journeys (more than 4 hours) can also increase the blood flow in your legs and help prevent blood clots.
  • Carry a cell phone or other personal communications device with you at all times so that you can call for help if needed.

Planning for a VBAC? Here's Why Taking a VBAC Birth Class is a Must

How can you stay safe when traveling by ship.

In the past, pregnant women with no medical issues have been refused passage on ships especially those around 28 weeks on high-speed crossings and beyond 32 weeks on standard crossings. Ferry companies have relaxed their rules somewhat, but there are still many restrictions.

Here are some safety tips for your upcoming boat trip or cruise vacation:

  • Check the company's policy prior to booking your trip.
  • Call your cruise line to confirm that a healthcare provider is present on the ship at all times. 
  • Confirm if there is medical care at each port stop.
  • Ask the ferry company if your ship has passed a CDC health inspection.
  • Ask your healthcare provider if it's safe to take medicine for seasickness.
  • Always wash your hands.
  • Wash the fruits and veggies from the cruise to avoid infections.

How can you stay safe when traveling out of the country?

If you're traveling internationally, make sure that there are facilities in case of an emergency — such as an on-call obstetrician who can treat you quickly if needed.

  • Got health insurance? Find out what your health insurance covers when traveling outside the country. 
  • Consider buying travel insurance on top of your regular health insurance. A travel insurance covers your medical care while traveling in another country.  
  • Do research on the medical centers in the country you're planning to visit: find out which centers are medically able to handle pregnancy complications, perform emergency cesarean sections (c-sections), etc.
  • Ensure the country you're traveling to  regularly screens  stored blood for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C which is crucial if you need a blood transfusion or if your baby's at risk of Rh disease.
  • If possible, travel with someone who speaks the local language or access google translate.
  • Once you arrive, register with the American embassy or consulate. They can help you if you need assistance getting out of the country during an emergency.
  • Bring a copy of your prenatal and medical records wherever you go. 
  • Know your blood type!

daily travel during pregnancy

How can you get ready for your trip?

  • Stay healthy:  Eat right, drink plenty of water, stretch regularly, and get plenty of rest — all these things will help keep your body healthy while traveling.
  • Stock up on fruits and vegetables. These foods contain high levels of folate and other nutrients that help keep you and your baby healthy!
  • T ake naps during travel time if possible  (but not always!). Taking frequent naps could help reduce stress and might even help prevent problems like dehydration or nausea.
  • Eat light meals  before takeoff and again upon landing (avoid spicy foods).
  • Drink plenty of water  throughout the day (even if it doesn’t feel like you need it).
  • Wear comfy footwear.  Get shoes that you can easily slip on and off.
  • Always make sure to  tell your doctor before traveling , especially if you have any pre-existing conditions or if you need any prescription for the medications you're taking.
  • Check the airline's website or call them to find out what precautions they take for pregnant people and how long their flights can be delayed.
  • Keep a copy of your medical records  with you.
  • Make sure you're up-to-date on all medication, vitamins and other supplements that could become harmful if taken while flying.

When is the best time for Traveling while Pregnant?

The best time to travel during pregnancy is when you feel most comfortable and ready. This could be a few months before your due date, or it could be well after your due date. At the end of the day, your doctor will help you decide when to travel.

According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the safest time for a pregnant woman to travel is in the second trimester of her pregnancy, between 14 to 28 weeks. 

This is the time when you are biologically at your best state and are at the lowest risk for premature labor or spontaneous abortion.

When should you stop traveling while pregnant?

If you have any kind of history of blood clots, heart disease, or other medical issues, avoid traveling.

Also, if you're in your third trimester (around 25 to 40 weeks), you're advised to stay within a 300-mile radius of your home as per healthcare providers to be prepared for potential health risks such as high blood pressure, phlebitis, and false or preterm labor.

What happens if I get sick or go into labor while I’m traveling?

  • If you need medical care or encounter an emergency, contact your local hospital or doctor.
  • If you don’t have an emergency number on file, call 911. 
  • If you become sick while abroad, it’s best to seek medical care as soon as possible in order to avoid serious illness or death. 
  •  If you can’t get emergency treatment in time, seek out an International Care Clinic (ICC) near your hotel or where you're staying at—these outpatient clinics provide free medical care for travelers who need it most but may not have access to insurance or other resources back home.

labor nurse mama trish ware

Just a little Disclaimer: As always, I am just writing my thoughts and what I’ve learned along the way. Although I am in fact a labor and delivery RN, This is not medical advice. You should always seek and follow the advice of your care provider.

This post may contain some affiliate links (which means if you make a purchase after clicking a link I will earn a small commission, but it won’t cost you a penny more)! Thank you! For our full disclosure  read here )

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How to Make Long Flights More Comfortable When You're Pregnant

By Joanna Carrigan

A profile full view of young caucasian pregnant woman touching her belly

All products featured on Condé Nast Traveler are independently selected by our editors. However, when you buy something through our retail links, we may earn an affiliate commission.

Preparing for a newborn can feel like an exhilarating task; on the one hand, there’s a long-anticipated, already much-loved new arrival making an entrance into your life. On the other, getting yourself into a birthing headspace can feel like a marathon. I’ve already lost count of the amount of  stroller reviews , hypno-birthing manuals, crib catalogs, and paint samples I’ve flicked through in my quest for newborn nirvana. 

With that in mind, many couples are now opting to take a break from the organizational overload in the form of a  long-haul babymoon —a pre-birth couples vacation—as a way of spending those last special moments together as a family of two. And in fact, air travel can generally be considered  safe for most expectant mothers , with advice from your doctor recommended. 

“All pregnancies and mums have individual needs and varying circumstances,” says Marie Louise, midwife and author of  The Modern Midwife’s Guide To Pregnancy . “If mums have any health complications or are close to giving birth, travel should be very carefully considered. Otherwise, mums need a break—it’s good to enjoy and relax on your travels.”

Pregnancy can often feel like a long-haul adventure in itself, and whilst the thought of an extensive flight may not jump out at the top of your to-do list, there are ways to make that coveted trip—and any other air travel during pregnancy that comes up—more comfortable.

Below, I’ve curated an essential list for what to pack in your carry-on for air travel during pregnancy, based in part on my own experience traveling to Europe whilst expecting. 

Strategic carry-ons

A great place to start is your carry-on itself, as the right style can help not only to make your essentials more accessible, but the correct product can be re-used as a diaper bag once your pre-baby vacation is a distant happy memory. The key to  choosing the perfect carry-on is not only to be mindful of the airline guidelines set out around dimensions and weight restrictions, but to think from your own perspective about what will be easiest for you to carry. If back issues prevail—a common complaint during pregnancy—a stylish rucksack may be more suitable than a tote. And if you’re looking for post-pregnancy practicality, a duffel can tick that cross-functional box. 

daily travel during pregnancy

Pregnancy support bands

Glamour takes a back seat with this essential, but your posture and ligaments will thank me later. If you’re flying internationally or just maneuvering your way through a large airport, you may face long walks between terminals, which can place strain on the lower back. Bump support bands are designed to help relieve the pressure that the additional weight of your bump is putting on your back, and therefore can make a sensible addition to your carry-on packing list. 

daily travel during pregnancy

Anti-nausea pregnancy methods 

Not every foray into the world of parenthood is a smooth one, and unfortunately  nausea and sickness can play a starring role in pregnancy, especially in the early stages. My first 16 weeks of pregnancy were punctuated with frequent trips to the restroom, and with many flights taken during this time, I became accustomed to having to rely on a few tricks to see me through those difficult moments. 

Travel bands can be an excellent way to relieve pregnancy related nausea, and they’ve taken a high-tech turn in recent years. Hypnotherapy podcasts can also be a calming way to reduce feelings of sickness, and are best listened to with noise-canceling headphones and an eye mask . 

daily travel during pregnancy

Hydrating skincare for expectant mothers 

Pregnancy can present some interesting  skincare dilemmas , with many people experiencing a change at some point across their nine months. Dry patches, oily T-zones, and acne outbreaks are all common complaints. To help skin stay hydrated when flying, there are many pregnancy-safe products out there which can help replenish and restore your skin's natural barrier. La Mer The Mist Facial Spray is a particular favorite of mine—easy to apply, super lightweight, and long-lasting. 

daily travel during pregnancy

Travel pillows

During pregnancy, ligaments in the hips and back loosen in preparation for birth and this can often cause secondary strain across the top of the shoulders and neck which can be very uncomfortable for expectant mothers. If you’re traveling whilst pregnant, I recommend investing in a travel neck pillow , and packing your pregnancy pillow if you’re flying in a seat with a lie-flat bed. 

daily travel during pregnancy

Compression socks

“During pregnancy, you are at an increased risk of developing a blood clot,” Louise says. “That’s why compression socks , hydration, and movement—walking, stretching, and circling ankles—is recommended.”

Again, it’s not the most glamorous addition to your carry-on, but this footwear is important nonetheless. Try to stretch your legs every hour or so if possible, with a walk down the aisle or some lower leg exercises. 

daily travel during pregnancy

While packing a well-stocked carry-on will undoubtedly enhance your flying experience, there are other ways to ensure that you’re prepared for a relaxing trip. Here are my top three tips for flying while pregnant:

Food and beverage choices 

Whilst it’s unlikely you’ll be able to see the full on-board menu in advance, it’s often a good idea to pre-select your meal genre if you’re having  aversions or preferences during your pregnancy. Being able to rule out meat, dairy, or even opt for a lighter option may be preferable for some mothers-to-be. It could be worth packing a couple of extra snacks in your carry-on, just in case. I’ve been stashing ginger tea bags and plenty of dried fruit and nuts ( dried banana chips are a particular craving of mine) to see me through. 

The airport experience

Lounge access can not only be an enjoyable way to kick-off your vacation, it can also be a lifesaver for tired feet. Having access to a clean and comfortable restroom can also often be advantageous, so if your travel tickets don’t include a lounge as standard, it could be worth a  pay-for-access option to give you peace of mind that you’ll be spending time in a calm and restful environment before or in between flights. 

Your travel outfit

While a stylish airport look is always desirable, comfort should definitely reign supreme during this important period, since your body is already coping with so much. Activewear can provide comfort and support during long-haul travel, and there are  plenty of options out there. I look to brands like  Alo Yoga and  Lululemon for pieces that satisfy both the style and comfort stakes. 

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  • Section 6 - Medical Tourism
  • Section 7 - Travel & Breastfeeding

Pregnant Travelers

Cdc yellow book 2024.

Author(s): Romeo Galang, I. Dale Carroll, Titilope Oduyebo

  • The Pretravel Consultation

Infectious Disease Concerns

Environmental health concerns, transportation considerations.

Pregnancy can cause physiologic changes that require special consideration during travel. With careful preparation, however, most pregnant people can travel safely.

Pretravel Consultation

The pretravel consultation and evaluation of pregnant travelers ( Box 7-01 ) should begin with a careful medical and obstetric history, specifically assessing gestational age and the presence of factors and conditions that increase risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. A visit with an obstetric health care provider also should be a part of the pretravel assessment to ensure routine prenatal care and identify any potential problems. Instruct pregnant travelers to carry with them a copy of their prenatal records and physician’s contact information.

Review the pregnant person’s travel itinerary, including accommodations, activities, and destinations, to guide pretravel health advice. Discourage pregnant travelers from undertaking unaccustomed vigorous activity. Swimming and snorkeling during pregnancy generally are safe, but falls during waterskiing have been reported to inject water into the birth canal. Most experts advise against scuba diving for pregnant people because of risk for fetal gas embolism during decompression (see Sec. 4, Ch. 4, Scuba Diving: Decompression Illness & Other Dive-Related Injuries ). Riding animals, bicycles, or motorcycles presents risks for abdominal trauma.

Educate pregnant people on how to avoid travel-associated risks, manage minor pregnancy discomforts, and recognize more serious complications. Advise pregnant people to seek urgent medical attention if they experience contractions or premature labor; symptoms of deep vein thrombosis (e.g., unusual leg swelling and pain in the calf or thigh) or pulmonary embolism (e.g., unusual shortness of breath); dehydration, diarrhea, or vomiting; severe pelvic or abdominal pain; symptoms of preeclampsia (e.g., severe headaches, nausea and vomiting, unusual swelling, vision changes); prelabor rupture of the membranes; or vaginal bleeding.

Box 7-01 Pretravel consultation for pregnant travelers: a checklist for health care providers

☐ Review vaccination history (e.g., COVID-19, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, measles, pertussis, rubella, varicella, tetanus) and update vaccinations as needed (see text for contraindications during pregnancy)

☐ Policies and paperwork

  • Discuss supplemental travel insurance, travel health insurance, and medical evacuation insurance; research specific coverage information and limitations for pregnancy-related health issues
  • Advise travelers to check airline and cruise line policies for pregnant travelers
  • Provide letter confirming due date and fitness to travel
  • Provide copy of medical records

☐ Prepare for obstetric care at destination

  • Advise traveler to arrange for obstetric care at destination, as needed

☐ Review signs and symptoms requiring immediate care, including

  • Contractions or preterm labor
  • Deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism symptoms, which include unusual swelling of leg with pain in calf or thigh, unusual shortness of breath
  • Pelvic or abdominal pain
  • Preeclampsia symptoms (e.g., unusual swelling, severe headaches, nausea and vomiting, vision changes)
  • Rupture of membranes
  • Vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration

Contraindications to Travel During Pregnancy

Absolute contraindications are conditions for which the potential harm of travel during pregnancy always outweighs the benefits of travel to the pregnant person or fetus. Relative contraindications are conditions for which travel should be avoided if the potential harm from travel outweighs its benefits ( Box 7-02 ).

Although travel is rarely contraindicated during a normal pregnancy, pregnancies that require frequent antenatal monitoring or close medical supervision might warrant a recommendation that travel be delayed. Educate pregnant travelers that the risk of obstetric complications is greatest in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy.

Box 7-02 Contraindications to travel during pregnancy

Absolute contraindications.

  • Abruptio placentae
  • Active labor
  • Incompetent cervix
  • Premature labor
  • Premature rupture of membranes
  • Suspected ectopic pregnancy
  • Threatened abortion / vaginal bleeding
  • Toxemia, past or present

RELATIVE CONTRAINDICATIONS

  • Abnormal presentation
  • Fetal growth restriction
  • History of infertility
  • History of miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy
  • Maternal age <15 or >35 years
  • Multiple gestation
  • Placenta previa or other placental abnormality

Planning for Emergency Care

Obstetric emergencies are often sudden and life-threatening. Advise all pregnant travelers (but especially those in their third trimester or otherwise at high risk) to identify, in advance, international medical facilities at their destination(s) capable of managing complications of pregnancy, delivery (including by caesarean section), and neonatal problems. Counsel against travel to areas where obstetric care might be less than the standard at home.

Many health insurance policies do not cover the cost of medical treatment for pregnancy or neonatal complications that occur overseas. Pregnant people should strongly consider purchasing supplemental travel health insurance to cover pregnancy-related problems and care of the neonate, as needed. In addition, pregnant travelers should consider medical evacuation insurance coverage in case of pregnancy-related complications (see Sec. 6, Ch. 1, Travel Insurance, Travel Health Insurance & Medical Evacuation Insurance ).

Medications

Over-the-counter drugs and nondrug remedies can help a pregnant person travel more comfortably. For instance, pregnant people can safely use a mild bulk laxative for constipation. In addition, several simple available remedies are effective in relieving the symptoms of morning sickness. Nonprescription remedies include ginger, available as a powder that can be mixed with food or drinks (e.g., tea), and as candy (e.g., lollipops). Similarly, pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is effective in reducing symptoms of morning sickness and is available in tablet form, as well as lozenges and lollipops. Antihistamines (e.g., dimenhydrinate, meclizine) often are used in pregnancy for morning sickness and motion sickness and appear to have a good safety record.

Carefully consider appropriate pain management and use of analgesics during pregnancy. Acetaminophen remains the nonopioid analgesic of choice during pregnancy. Although low-dose aspirin has been demonstrated to be relatively safe during pregnancy for certain clinical indications, it should be used cautiously. Aspirin can increase the incidence of abruption, and other anti-inflammatory agents can cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.

Various systems are used to classify drugs with respect to their safety in pregnancy . Refer to specific data about the effects of a given drug during pregnancy rather than depending on a classification. Counsel patients to help them make a balanced decision on the use of medications during pregnancy.

Vaccinations

In the best possible scenario, people should be up to date on routine vaccinations before becoming pregnant. The most effective way of protecting the infant against many diseases is to vaccinate the pregnant person. See a summary of current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)  guidelines for vaccinating pregnant people .

Coronavirus Disease 2019

Pregnant people are more likely to become more severely ill from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than people who are not pregnant. Having COVID-19 during pregnancy increases a person’s risk of complications that can affect their pregnancy. For these reasons, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that people who are pregnant, trying to get pregnant, or who might become pregnant in the future get vaccinated against COVID-19 . As of August 2022, the COVID-19 vaccines authorized or approved for use in the United States are nonreplicating vaccines that do not cause infection in the pregnant person or the fetus. Pregnant people may choose to receive any of the COVID-19 vaccines authorized or approved for use in the United States; the ACIP does not state a preference.

COVID-19 vaccination can be safely provided before pregnancy or during any trimester of pregnancy. Available vaccines are highly effective in preventing severe COVID-19, hospitalizations, and deaths; data have shown that the benefits of vaccination during pregnancy, to both the pregnant person and their fetus, outweigh any potential risks. Pregnant people might want to speak with their health care provider before making a decision about receiving COVID-19 vaccine , but a consultation is not required before vaccination. Side effects from COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant people are like those expected among nonpregnant people. Pregnant people can take acetaminophen if they experience fever or other post-vaccination symptoms.

The ACIP recommends that all people who are or who will become pregnant during the influenza season have an annual influenza vaccine using inactivated virus. Influenza vaccines can be administered during any trimester.

The safety of hepatitis A vaccination during pregnancy has not been determined; because hepatitis A vaccine is produced from inactivated virus, though, the risk to the developing fetus is expected to be low. Weigh the risk associated with vaccination against the risk for infection in pregnant people who could be at increased risk for exposure to hepatitis A virus. According to the ACIP, pregnant people traveling internationally are at risk of hepatitis A virus infection; ACIP recommends vaccination during pregnancy for nonimmune international travelers.

Limited data suggest that developing fetuses are not at risk for adverse events resulting from vaccination of pregnant people with hepatitis B vaccine (for details, see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 8, Hepatitis B ). ACIP recommends vaccinating pregnant people identified as being at risk for hepatitis B virus infection during pregnancy; risk factors include >1 sex partner during the previous 6 months, being evaluated or treated for a sexually transmitted infection, recent or current injection drug use, or having a HBsAg-positive sex partner. In November 2021, ACIP recommended vaccination of all adults 19–59 years old.

Japanese Encephalitis

Data are insufficient to make specific recommendations for use of Japanese encephalitis vaccine in pregnant people (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 13, Japanese Encephalitis ).

Live-Virus Vaccines

Most live-virus vaccines, including live attenuated influenza, measles-mumps-rubella, live typhoid (Ty21a), and varicella, are contraindicated during pregnancy. Postexposure prophylaxis of a nonimmune pregnant person exposed to measles can be provided by administering measles immune globulin (IG) within 6 days of exposure; for varicella exposures, varicella-zoster IG can be given within 10 days. Advise people planning to become pregnant to wait ≥4 weeks after receiving a live-virus vaccine before conceiving.

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever vaccine is the exception to the rule about live-virus vaccines being contraindicated during pregnancy. ACIP considers pregnancy a precaution (i.e., a relative contraindication) for yellow fever vaccine. If travel is unavoidable, and the risk for yellow fever virus exposure outweighs the vaccination risk, it is appropriate to recommend vaccination. If the risks for vaccination outweigh the risks for yellow fever virus exposure, consider providing a medical waiver to the pregnant traveler to fulfill health regulations. Because pregnancy might affect immune responses to vaccination, consider performing serologic testing to document an immune response to yellow fever vaccine. Furthermore, if a person was pregnant (regardless of trimester) when they received their initial dose of yellow fever vaccine, they should receive 1 additional dose before they are next at risk for yellow fever virus exposure (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 26, Yellow Fever ).

Meningococcal

According to the ACIP , pregnant (and lactating) people should receive quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine, if indicated. Meningococcal vaccine might be indicated for international travelers, depending on risk for infection at the destination (see Sec. 5, Part 1, Ch. 13, Meningococcal Disease ).

No adverse events linked to inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) have been documented among pregnant people or their fetuses. Vaccination of pregnant people should be avoided, however, because of theoretical concerns. IPV can be administered in accordance with the recommended immunization schedule for adults if a pregnant person is at increased risk for infection and requires immediate protection against polio (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 17, Poliomyelitis ).

Administer rabies postexposure prophylaxis with rabies immune globulin and vaccine after any moderate- or high-risk exposure to rabies; consider preexposure vaccine for travelers who have a substantial risk for exposure (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 18, Rabies ).

Tetanus-Diphtheria-Pertussis

Tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) should be given during each pregnancy irrespective of a person’s history of receiving the vaccine previously. To maximize maternal antibody response and passive antibody transfer to the infant, optimal timing for Tdap administration is between 27 and 36 weeks’ gestation (earlier during this time frame is preferred), but it may be given at any time during pregnancy.

Malaria Prophylaxis

Malaria, caused by Plasmodium spp. parasites transmitted by mosquitoes, can be much more serious in pregnant than in nonpregnant people and is associated with high risks of illness and death for both mother and fetus. Malaria in pregnancy can be characterized by heavy parasitemia, severe anemia, and profound hypoglycemia, and can be complicated by cerebral malaria and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Placental sequestration of parasites might result in fetal loss due to abruption, premature labor, or miscarriage. An infant born to an infected mother is apt to be of low birth weight, and, although rare, congenital malaria is possible.

Because no prophylactic regimen provides complete protection, pregnant people should avoid or delay travel to malaria-endemic areas. If travel is unavoidable, the pregnant person should take precautions to avoid mosquito bites and use an effective prophylactic regimen.

Chloroquine is the drug of choice for pregnant travelers going to destinations with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium spp., and mefloquine is the drug of choice for pregnant travelers going to destinations with chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium spp. Doxycycline is contraindicated because of teratogenic effects on the fetus after the fourth month of pregnancy. Primaquine is contraindicated in pregnancy because the infant cannot be tested for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, putting the infant at risk for hemolytic anemia. Atovaquone-proguanil is not recommended because of lack of available safety data. A list of the available antimalarial drugs and their uses and contraindications during pregnancy can be found in Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch. 16, Malaria .

Travel Health Kits

In addition to the recommended travel health kit items for all travelers (see Sec. 2, Ch. 10, Travel Health Kits ), pregnant travelers should pack antacids, antiemetic drugs, graduated compression stockings, hemorrhoid cream, medication for vaginitis or yeast infection, prenatal vitamins, and prescription medications. Encourage pregnant travelers to consider packing a blood pressure monitor if travel will limit access to a health center where blood pressure monitoring is available.

Respiratory and urinary infections and vaginitis are more likely to occur and to be more severe during pregnancy. Pregnant people who develop travelers’ diarrhea or other gastrointestinal infections might be more vulnerable to dehydration than nonpregnant travelers. Stress the need for strict hand hygiene and food and water precautions (see Sec. 2, Ch. 8, Food & Water Precautions ). Drinking bottled or boiled water is preferable to chemically treated or filtered water. Pregnant people should not consume water purified by iodine-containing compounds because of potential effects on the fetal thyroid (see Sec. 2, Ch. 9, Water Disinfection ).

As mentioned previously, pregnant people are at increased risk for severe COVID-19–associated illness (e.g., requiring invasive ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) and death compared with people who are not pregnant. Underlying medical conditions (e.g., chronic kidney disease, diabetes, obesity) and other factors (e.g., age, occupation) can further increase a pregnant person’s risk for developing severe illness. Additionally, pregnant people with COVID-19 are at greater risk for preterm birth and other adverse outcomes.

Pregnant people, recently pregnant people, and those who live with or visit them should take steps to protect themselves from getting COVID-19. CDC recommends that people (including those who are pregnant) not travel internationally until they are up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines . Additional information for international travelers is available at CDC's International Travel website.

Hepatitis A and hepatitis E are both spread by the fecal–oral route (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 7, Hepatitis A , and Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 10, Hepatitis E ). Hepatitis A has been reported to increase the risk for placental abruption and premature delivery. Hepatitis E is more likely to cause severe disease during pregnancy and could result in a case-fatality rate of 15%–30%; when acquired during the third trimester, hepatitis E is also associated with fetal complications and fetal death.

Listeriosis & Toxoplasmosis

Listeriosis and toxoplasmosis (see Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch. 23, Toxoplasmosis ) are foodborne illnesses of particular concern during pregnancy because the infection can cross the placenta and cause spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, or congenital or neonatal infection. Warn pregnant travelers to avoid unpasteurized cheeses and uncooked or undercooked meat products. Risk for fetal infection increases with gestational age, but severity of infection is decreased.

Other Parasitic Infections & Diseases

Parasitic infections and diseases can be a concern, particularly for pregnant people visiting friends and relatives in low- and middle-income countries. In general, intestinal helminths rarely cause enough illness to warrant treatment during pregnancy. Most, in fact, can be addressed safely with symptomatic treatment until the pregnancy is over. On the other hand, protozoan intestinal infections (e.g., Cryptosporidium , Entamoeba histolytica , Giardia ) often do require treatment. These parasites can cause acute gastroenteritis, severe dehydration, and chronic malabsorption resulting in fetal growth restriction. E. histolytica can cause invasive disease, including amebic liver abscess and colitis. Pregnant people also should avoid bathing, swimming, or wading in freshwater lakes, rivers, and streams that can harbor the parasitic worms (schistosomes) that cause schistosomiasis (see Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch. 20, Schistosomiasis ).

Travelers’ Diarrhea

The treatment of choice for travelers’ diarrhea is prompt and vigorous oral hydration; azithromycin or a third-generation cephalosporin may, however, be given to pregnant people if clinically indicated. Avoid use of bismuth subsalicylate because of the potential impact of salicylates on the fetus. In addition, fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in pregnancy due to toxicity to developing cartilage, as noted in experimental animal studies.

Vectorborne Infections

Pregnant people should avoid mosquito bites when traveling in areas where vectorborne diseases are endemic. Preventive measures include use of Environmental Protection Agency–registered insect repellants , protective clothing, and mosquito nets (see Sec. 4, Ch. 6, Mosquitoes, Ticks & Other Arthropods ). For details on yellow fever vaccine and malaria prophylaxis during pregnancy, see above.

Zika virus is spread primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito ( Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus ) but can also be sexually transmitted. The illness associated with Zika can be asymptomatic or mild; some patients report acute onset of conjunctivitis, fever, joint pain, and rash that last for several days to a week after infection.

Birth defects caused by Zika virus infection during pregnancy include brain, eye, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Because of the risk for birth defects, CDC recommends pregnant people avoid travel to areas with a Zika outbreak, and, for the duration of the pregnancy, to avoid sex or use condoms with anyone who has traveled to a risk area.

Advise pregnant people considering travel to areas with Zika to carefully assess the risks of Zika infection during pregnancy; provide information about prevention strategies, signs and symptoms, and the limitations of Zika testing. Pregnant people should strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites and sexual transmission. See additional information, including the most current list of countries and territories where Zika is active . Guidance for pregnant people can be found on the CDC Zika website .

Pregnant people should be aware of specific current environmental issues in their international destinations (e.g., natural disasters, special events or gatherings, travel warnings). More information can be found at the CDC Travelers’ Health website and on the destination pages of the US Department of State website.

Air Quality

Air pollution causes more health problems during pregnancy because ciliary clearance of the bronchial tree is slowed, and mucus is more abundant. For more details on traveling to destinations where air quality is poor, see Sec. 4, Ch. 3, Air Quality & Ionizing Radiation .

Extremes of Temperature

Body temperature regulation is not as efficient during pregnancy, and temperature extremes can create more physiological stress on the pregnant person (see Sec. 4, Ch. 2, Extremes of Temperature ). In addition, increases in core temperature (e.g., heat exhaustion, heat stroke), might harm the fetus. The vasodilatory effect of a hot environment and dehydration might cause fainting. For these reasons, then, encourage pregnant travelers to seek air-conditioned accommodations and restrict their level of activity in hot environments. If heat exposure is unavoidable, the duration should be as short as possible to prevent an increase in core body temperature. Pregnant travelers should take measures to avoid dehydration and hyperthermia.

High Elevation Travel

Pregnant people should avoid activities at high elevation unless they have trained for and are accustomed to such activities; those not acclimated to high elevation might experience breathlessness and palpitations. The common symptoms of acute mountain sickness (insomnia, headache, and nausea) frequently are associated with pregnancy, and it might be difficult to distinguish the cause of the symptoms. Most experts recommend a slower ascent with adequate time for acclimatization. No studies or case reports show harm to a fetus if the mother travels briefly to high elevations during pregnancy; recommend that pregnant people not sleep at elevations >12,000 ft (≈3,600 m) above sea level, if possible. Probably the greatest concern is that high-elevation destinations often are inaccessible and far from medical care (see Sec. 4, Ch. 5, High Elevation Travel & Altitude Illness ).

Advise pregnant people to follow safety instructions for all forms of transport and to wear seat belts, when available, on all forms of transportation, including airplanes, buses, and cars (see Sec. 8, Ch. 5, Road & Traffic Safety ). A diagonal shoulder strap with a lap belt provides the best protection. The shoulder belt should be worn between the breasts with the lap belt low across the upper thighs. When only a lap belt is available, pregnant people should wear it low, between the abdomen and across the upper thighs, not above or across the abdomen.

Most commercial airlines allow pregnant travelers to fly until 36 weeks’ gestation. Some limit international travel earlier in pregnancy, and some require documentation of gestational age. Pregnant travelers should check with the airline for specific requirements or guidance, and should consider the gestational age of the fetus on the dates both of departure and of return.

Most commercial jetliner cabins are pressurized to an equivalent outside air pressure of 6,000–8,000 ft (≈1,800–2,500 m) above sea level; travelers might also experience air pressures in this range during travel by hot air balloon or on noncommercial aircraft. The lower oxygen tension under these conditions likely will not cause fetal problems in a normal pregnancy. People with pregnancies complicated by conditions exacerbated by hypoxia (e.g., preexisting cardiovascular problems, sickle cell disease, severe anemia [hemoglobin <8.0 g/dL], intrauterine fetal growth restriction) could, however, experience adverse effects associated with low arterial oxygen saturation.

Risks of air travel include potential exposure to communicable diseases, immobility, and the common discomforts of flying. Abdominal distention and pedal edema frequently occur. The pregnant traveler might benefit from an upgrade in airline seating and should seek convenient and practical accommodations (e.g., proximity to the lavatory). Pregnant travelers should select aisle seating when possible, and wear loose fitting clothing and comfortable shoes that enable them to move about more easily and frequently during flights.

Some experts report that the risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is 5–10 times greater among pregnant than nonpregnant people, although the absolute risk is low. To help prevent DVT, pregnant travelers should stay hydrated, stretch frequently, walk and perform isometric leg exercises, and wear graduated compression stockings (see Sec. 8, Ch. 3, Deep Vein Thrombosis & Pulmonary Embolism ).

Cosmic radiation during air travel poses little threat to the fetus but might be a consideration for pregnant travelers who fly frequently (see Sec. 9, Ch. 3, . . . perspectives: People Who Fly for a Living—Health Myths & Realities ). Older airport security machines are magnetometers and are not harmful to the fetus. Newer security machines use backscatter x-ray scanners, which emit low levels of radiation. Most experts agree that the risk for complications from radiation exposure from these scanners is extremely low.

Cruise Ship Travel

Most cruise lines restrict travel beyond 24 weeks’ gestation (see Sec. 8, Ch. 6, Cruise Ship Travel ). Cruise lines might require pregnant travelers to carry a physician’s note stating that they are fit to travel, including the estimated date of delivery. Pregnant people should check with the cruise line for specific requirements or guidance. For pregnant travelers planning a cruise, provide advice about gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, motion sickness (see Sec. 8, Ch. 7, Motion Sickness ), and the risk for falls on a moving vessel, as well as the possibility of delayed care while at sea.

The following authors contributed to the previous version of this chapter: Diane F. Morof, I. Dale Carroll

Bibliography

Allotey J, Stallings E, Bonet M, Yap M, Chatterjee S, Kew T, et al.; PregCOV-19 Living Systematic Review Consortium. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;370:m3320.

Bisson DL, Newell SD, Laxton C; on behalf of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Antenatal and postnatal analgesia. BJOG. 2018;126(4):114–24.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for vaccinating pregnant women. Atlanta: The Centers; 2014. Available from: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pregnancy/hcp-toolkit/guidelines.html .

Dotters-Katz S, Kuller J, Heine RP. Parasitic infections in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2011;66(8):515–25.

Hezelgrave NL, Whitty CJ, Shennan AH, Chappell LC. Advising on travel during pregnancy. BMJ. 2011;342:d2506.

Irvine MH, Einarson A, Bozzo P. Prophylactic use of antimalarials during pregnancy. Can Fam Physician. 2011;57(11):1279–81.

Magann EF, Chauhan SP, Dahlke JD, McKelvey SS, Watson EM, Morrison JC. Air travel and pregnancy outcomes: a review of pregnancy regulations and outcomes for passengers, flight attendants, and aviators. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2010;65(6):396–402.

Rasmussen SA, Jamieson DJ, Honein MA, Petersen LR. Zika virus and birth defects—reviewing the evidence for causality. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(20):1981–7.

Rasmussen SA, Watson AK, Kennedy ED, Broder KR, Jamieson DJ. Vaccines and pregnancy: past, present, and future. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014;19(3):161–9.

Roggelin L, Cramer JP. Malaria prevention in the pregnant traveller: a review. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2014;12(3):229–36.

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Pregnancy and travel

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  • If you are pregnant, the safest time for you to travel is during the second trimester, provided you aren’t experiencing any complications.
  • If you are pregnant and considering travel, you must consult with your doctor, especially if your pregnancy is high risk.
  • Avoid travelling to developing nations during pregnancy.
  • Be wary of taking medications of any kind, including those commonly used to treat traveller’s diarrhoea.

On this page

About pregnancy and travel, high-risk pregnancies and travel, travel immunisation warnings for pregnant women, travel and the risk of malaria during pregnancy, risks of long-distance travel during pregnancy, air travel and pregnancy, car travel and pregnancy, heat and sun exposure and pregnancy, sporting activities and pregnancy, traveller’s diarrhoea and pregnancy, medications to avoid during pregnancy, where to get help.

If you are pregnant, the safest time for you to travel, generally speaking, is during the second trimester, provided you aren’t experiencing any complications. If you are pregnant and considering travel, you must consult with your doctor, especially if your pregnancy is high risk. Consider the standard of medical care at your chosen destination, just in case you need help.

Some countries have reciprocal healthcare arrangements with Australia – check with Medicare. Travelling to developing nations is not encouraged during pregnancy for various reasons, including the risk of disease and the lower standard of medical facilities compared to Australia.

Pregnant women experiencing complications are advised not to travel. Some complications include:

  • cervical problems, such as 'incompetent cervix'
  • vaginal bleeding
  • multiple pregnancy
  • gestational diabetes, past or present
  • high blood pressure, past or present
  • pre-eclampsia (a toxic condition sometimes occurring in pregnancy), past or present
  • abnormalities of the placenta, past or present
  • prior miscarriage
  • prior ectopic pregnancy (a pregnancy that develops outside the womb)
  • prior premature labour.

If you are aged 35 years or over and pregnant for the first time, you are also advised not to travel.

Travellers to most developing nations need to be immunised against diseases such as typhoid. Most vaccines are either dangerous to unborn babies or haven't been adequately tested for safety on pregnant women.

The important exception to this is the influenza vaccine, which can be safely given during pregnancy. It is strongly recommended for all pregnant women, as influenza in pregnancy can be a very serious illness. Generally, all live virus vaccines (such as mumps and measles) should be avoided during pregnancy.

Some vaccines, such as for yellow fever, may cautiously be given after the first trimester. Be advised by your doctor. It is recommended that pregnant women delay any travel to developing nations until after their babies are born.

Malaria is an infection carried by particular species of mosquito. A pregnant woman who catches malaria risks miscarriage, premature labour and stillbirth. Some antimalarial drugs (such as chloroquine) are considered safe to take during pregnancy, but others (such as doxycycline) are potentially harmful to the unborn baby. It is recommended that pregnant women avoid travelling to areas where malaria is present.

Long periods of not moving during car, bus, rail and air travel increases the risk of clots forming in the deep veins of the leg, known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). These clots can circulate and lodge in parts of the body such as the lungs.

The risk of DVT is increased in pregnancy if:

  • you had a DVT in the past
  • you weigh more than 100 kg
  • you have a multiple pregnancy
  • a family member has had a DVT.

One in 1,000 pregnant women will develop DVT. Research indicates the risk of DVT can increase by two or three times in a long-distance flight.

There is no research-based advice on travel for pregnant women. However, if you choose to travel long distances, you should:

  • Do frequent leg exercises.
  • Walk regularly (in the case of air travel, walk around the aircraft cabin if the flight is smooth).
  • Avoid dehydration by drinking plenty of water.
  • Minimise alcohol and caffeine intake.

If you have an increased risk of DVT, you are advised to:

  • Discuss travel plans with your doctor.
  • Wear well-fitting elastic below-knee compression stockings during the journey.
  • Receive heparin injections before and after any journey longer than four hours.

Before you decide to travel by plane:

  • Discuss any potential risks particular to your pregnancy with your doctor. For example, a woman with gestational diabetes or a multiple pregnancy is generally advised not to fly.
  • Be aware that air travel in the last six weeks of pregnancy could trigger premature labour.
  • Check with the airline – some airlines won't allow a woman over 35 weeks to fly at all, or they require a doctor’s note.
  • Check the fine print of your travel insurance – some policies may not cover pregnancy.
  • Arrange with the airline for a bulkhead seat or a seat near an exit for extra leg room.
  • Consider booking an aisle seat – going to the toilet will be a little easier.

Before you leave, discuss with your doctor whether you need to travel with a medical kit. Remember to pack this kit in your carry-on luggage so you can access it during the flight.

Items your medical kit could contain:

  • preparations to help you treat common pregnancy complaints such as heartburn, thrush, constipation and haemorrhoids
  • oral rehydration preparations in case of traveller’s diarrhoea
  • multivitamins formulated for pregnant women
  • urine dipsticks to check glucose levels (if required).

During the flight:

  • Wear your seatbelt under your bump and across your lap.
  • Stretch and move your legs regularly while seated. Consider wearing support stockings for the duration of the flight. A pregnant woman's circulation is already under strain – the lower cabin pressure inside a plane can theoretically increase the risk of blood clots.
  • Drink plenty of water to reduce the risk of dehydration. Keeping up your fluid intake will also reduce the risk of DVT.
  • If the flight is smooth, walk up and down the aisles every half hour.
  • If the flight has turbulence, stay in your seat, but flex and extend your ankles frequently.
  • If you are feeling short of breath or light-headed, ask one of the flight attendants to give you breathing oxygen.

If travelling by car:

  • Make frequent breaks to stretch your legs and visit the toilet.
  • Always wear a seatbelt. Fasten the lap sash across your lap and under your bump, fit the shoulder sash above your bump and between your breasts.
  • Avoid wearing the lap sash across your bump as a sudden jolt could cause your placenta to separate from your uterus.
  • If you are sitting in the front passenger seat, move your seat well back from the dashboard to reduce airbag impact in case of a collision.
  • If you are driving, have your seat as far back from the steering wheel as possible, while still being able to drive safely and comfortably. It may help to tilt the steering wheel downwards, away from your belly.
  • If you are involved in a collision, however minor, see your doctor.
  • If you have contractions, pain or bleeding after an accident, see a doctor as soon as possible. Let them know if you have a rhesus negative External Link blood group, as you may need to have an anti-D injection.
  • Consider joining a roadside assistance program that can help you in case of a breakdown, and always carry a mobile phone.

If travelling in hot weather:

  • Carry a water bottle with you and drink water frequently.
  • Stay in the shade or inside during the hottest part of the day.
  • Protect your skin by wearing loose-fitting clothing, a hat and sunscreen.
  • Avoid rushing or overexertion – plan your activities and give yourself plenty of time.

Overheating during pregnancy

If you feel weak and dizzy, light-headed or even slightly nauseous, it may be a sign that you are overheating and dehydrated. Remember:

  • to seek shade or go inside, drink a glass of cool water and lie down
  • to bring down your temperature by using a fan, placing a cool, wet cloth on your forehead and the back of your neck, or running cool water over your wrists.
  • that dizziness may also indicate a drop in blood sugar, so have a light snack such as a banana or a piece of toast.

Certain sporting activities carry an increased risk to your unborn baby. Activities to avoid include:

  • Water-skiing – coming off the skis could force water into the vagina.
  • Scuba diving – the changes in blood gases may harm your baby. Snorkelling is fine and scuba diving to depths of less than 18 metres (60 feet) is reasonably safe, but check with your doctor first.
  • Saunas and hot tubs – raising your body temperature can harm your baby.
  • Horseback riding – the motion of horseback riding carries a risk of placental abruption (separating the placenta from the uterus). Falling from or being kicked by a horse carries a high risk of trauma to your baby, or even death.
  • High-altitude activities such as mountain climbing – at heights over 3,000 metres, the oxygen level in the air is low. This reduces the oxygen available to your baby. Pregnant women are also more vulnerable to developing altitude sickness.

Be careful to avoid food poisoning, as certain infections can harm the baby or trigger miscarriage. Remember to:

  • Avoid food buffets, seafood, undercooked meats, soft cheeses and p â t é s.
  • Wash your hands thoroughly after going to the toilet, before preparing food and before eating.
  • In developing nations, only eat fruit that you have peeled yourself. Avoid leafy greens and salads because they could have been washed in contaminated water.
  • Drink bottled water if you are unsure of the water supply. Use bottled water when brushing your teeth. Make sure that all eating utensils are thoroughly dried after washing.
  • If you must use the local water, boil the water thoroughly for five minutes before using.
  • Avoid treating unsafe water with iodine. If consumed over a few weeks, iodine can cause your unborn baby to develop a goitre (enlarged thyroid gland).

Pregnant women should be wary of taking medications of any kind. Some medications can pass to the baby through the placenta and cause birth defects or miscarriage.

  • Avoid taking any over-the-counter medication unless advised by your doctor, who knows you are pregnant.
  • Medications that are commonly used to treat traveller’s diarrhoea are dangerous during pregnancy.
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Avoid using 'social' or 'recreational' drugs.
  • Your GP (doctor)
  • NURSE-ON-CALL Tel. 1300 60 60 24 – for expert health information and advice (24 hours, 7 days)
  • Getting there by car External Link , babycenter.com.au.
  • Pregnancy and overheating External Link , netdoctor.
  • ‘ Influenza External Link ’, The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th Edition 2013, Australian Government Department of Health.
  • Reyes N, Grosse S, Grant A, Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism External Link , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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More information, related information.

In Victoria, you can have two types of abortion: surgical and medication. Both types are safe and reliable. You can have a medication abortion up to nine weeks of pregnancy. You can have a surgical abortion from around six weeks of pregnancy onwards.

There’s no safe level of alcohol use during pregnancy. It’s safest to not drink at all during pregnancy, when trying to conceive, and while breastfeeding.

Learn all about alcohol - includes standard drink size, health risks and effects, how to keep track of your drinking, binge drinking, how long it takes to leave the body, tips to lower intake.

Being young and fit doesn't reduce your risk of altitude sickness.

Pregnant women with asthma need to continue to take their asthma medication as it is important to the health of both mother and baby that the mother's asthma is under control.

From other websites

  • External Link Can I have travel vaccinations during pregnancy?
  • External Link Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
  • External Link Travel and pregnancy
  • External Link Travel in pregnancy
  • External Link Travellers’ health – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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Travelling by bus when pregnant

Dr Ashwini Nabar

How safe is bus travel during pregnancy?

What precautions should i take when traveling by bus, how can i make my bus journey more comfortable during pregnancy, what care should i take about my food and drink.

  • You may have to spend long hours waiting for your bus to arrive at your stop. This may leave you exhausted and tired especially if the bus stop doesn't have proper seating arrangements and you have to stand while you wait .
  • Most buses tend to be crowded, noisy and cramped. You may have to struggle to find a seat if you are traveling during the rush hour. Even if you have a bus pass, there's no guarantee you'll have a ready seat. This could make your commute tiresome and stressful .
  • If you don't get a window seat or if your bus doesn't have air conditioning, the heat or lack of ventilation may tire you out. You may feel faint and dizzy or find your morning sickness is aggravated during the commute.
  • In long journeys, you may not be able to get up and move around safely inside a bus, which could cause cramping in your legs or put you at greater risk for varicose veins .
  • Lack of seat belts can put passengers at greater risk in the event of an accident.
  • Never attempt to board or get off a moving bus.
  • Try to find a seat in the middle of the bus. Staying in the middle may keep you safer in the unlikely event of a crash.
  • It's best not to stand in a moving bus. Besides losing balance and falling down, there is the risk of being accidentally pushed by another passenger. Most buses have a separate section for women travelers. If you still can't find a seat, don't be shy to ask someone else for their seat. Or ask the bus conductor to help you out.
  • Most buses don't have seat belts or air bags so, if you can, be cautious at all times. Try to stay focused to brace yourself when there is bad pot-holed road or speed breaker.
  • Non air-conditioned buses can expose you to dust and fumes. In an air-conditioned bus you'll be spared from this pollution, although it may a little more expensive.
  • Keep your emergency contact information on you at all times.
  • Pack light, especially if you're traveling alone. You may strain your back carrying any heavy luggage.
  • Carry a hand sanitiser and wet wipes to lower your chances of catching an infection .
  • Some buses for long journeys may have on board toilets . Hold on to something for balance as you may find it difficult to manoeuvre in a loo while the bus is bumping down the road!
  • Buses are, unfortunately, frequented by pickpockets and unruly elements. It's best to protect your belongings and stay vigilant at all times. Wear as little jewellery as possible and keep any valuable items like your wallet and mobile phone close at hand.
  • For your daily commute to work , see if you can join a car pool.
  • Treat yourself to cab rides or ask your husband or a relative to drive you.
  • If possible, speak to your employer about changing your work timings. You could arrive a bit early and leave early so that you avoid peak hours and crowded buses. You could also apply for a transfer to a branch of the office closer to home to minimise your commute, if possible.
  • Try metro or local train services , if they are available in your area. They may be crowded as well but you'll be spared from a bumpy ride!
  • You may want to postpone any longer journeys, at least till you're done with the nausea and are in your second trimester . Or consider going by plane or train , if you really need to travel out of town.
  • Opt for buses that do not have too many stoppages. You might also want to take another look at all the available bus routes, and then opt for the most suitable one.
  • Avoid traveling in peak hours.
  • Many cities have buses just for women travelers also known as "ladies specials". These tend to be less crowded and usually don't cost extra. Check your local newspaper or online for a schedule that works for you.
  • Carry a small hand-fan as well. This can come handy at times when it gets really hot and humid inside the bus.
  • Since seating typically is first-come, first-served, try to line up at the bus station early. That way you can get an aisle seat so you won't have to crawl over a seatmate if you need to get up.
  • Buses are often too hot or too cold, so dress in layers and bring a small travel blanket just in case.
  • Take advantage of scheduled pit stops to use the restrooms in bus stations or petrol pumps. If you are comfortable squatting, you may want to opt for Indian style toilets .
  • If the seat next to you is empty, go ahead and stretch out a bit. Put your feet up, or even lie down and rest while you have the chance.
  • Book your ticket for a non-smoking bus. Passive smoking is harmful for you and your baby.
  • Try and book a sleeper coach so that you aren’t sitting all the time.
  • Ask your doctor to refer you to a doctor in the place you are visiting in case of emergency.
  • A toothbrush (brush and rinse with bottled water)
  • toilet paper and pre-moistened paper towels or wet wipes
  • a small hand towel
  • bags for motion sickness
  • a book light or flashlight for reading (along with a paperback book or two)
  • an inflatable pillow for your neck or back
  • sunglasses or eye shades for sleeping
  • something to the pass the time such as a book, magazines or music player with headphones.
  • any prescribed medicines you are taking
  • stuffed parantha s
  • sandwiches made with multigrain bread
  • biscuits, namkeens and nuts are great snacks
  • fresh fruits such as apples ( seb ), bananas ( kela ), oranges ( santara ), sweet limes ( musambi ).
  • Is it safe to travel by a two-wheeler/scooter during the first trimester?
  • What activities should I avoid during pregnancy?
  • Pregnancy travel: where to go and how to decide.

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ScienceDaily

Stress during pregnancy can lead to early maturation of first-born daughters

Ucla-led research team's study is the first to identify earlier adrenal puberty as a result of prenatal stress.

A UCLA-led team of researchers has found a correlation between early signs of adrenal puberty in first-born daughters and their mothers' having experienced high levels of prenatal stress. They did not find the same result in boys or daughters who were not first-born.

The 15-year longitudinal study's findings were published in the February issue of Psychoneuroendocrinology .

The study was the first to identify earlier patterns of adrenal puberty as a result of prenatal stress. Adrenal puberty is marked by changes like the growth of body hair, pimples and aspects of cognitive maturation, but does not include breast development or the onset of menstruation for girls or testicular enlargement for boys.

The finding adds to research in the field of fetal programming, studies that explore the impact that stress and other factors affecting pregnant mothers can have on fetuses and children long after birth.

"This is a first-of-its-kind finding and is fascinating to look at through an evolutionary lens," said UCLA anthropologist Molly Fox, who led the study with colleagues from UC Irvine, UC Merced, Chapman University and the University of Denver.

Fox explains that a first-born daughter's maturation, but not early onset of menstruation, may enable her to help her mother rear her other children successfully. The daughter becomes mature enough to help take care of children while not yet able to produce her own children, who would require her attention.

The finding also provides insights into the so-called "eldest daughter syndrome," the socio-cultural phenomenon discussed online that refers to the childcare and other domestic labor that first-born females often take on, consciously or unconsciously, to help with the traditional parental or adult responsibilities required to run a household. The online discussions focus on oldest daughters feeling an overwhelming sense of responsibility for their family's well-being.

Researchers recruited participants for the study from two obstetric clinics in Southern California during routine first trimester prenatal care visits. The women were 30 years old on average, all 18 or older, and experiencing singleton pregnancies. For about half of them, this was their first pregnancy. All were English-speaking, 45% were white/non-Latina and 30% were Latina. All were nonsmoking and not using steroid medications, tobacco, alcohol or other recreational drugs during pregnancy. Of the children born to these mothers, 48% were female and 52% were male.

Women's stress, depression and anxiety levels were measured at 15-, 19-, 25-, 31- and 37-weeks' gestation to create a prenatal psychological distress composite score. They were also assessed at two to three months postpartum to assign a postnatal distress composite score. The depression assessment asked respondents to rate the truth of statements such as "I felt lonely." An example of an anxiety question was how often they felt particular symptoms, such as "jittery."

At ages 8-10, 11-12 and 13-16, children's biomarkers of adrenal and gonadal puberty were separately measured, including body hair, skin changes, growth in height or growth spurts, breast development and the onset of menstruation (in females), voice changes and facial hair growth (in males). Hormone levels that are indicators of adrenal and gonadal puberty were measured through saliva samples at all assessment stages.

The study also measured childhood adversity to account for other factors known to correlate to early maturation or signs of puberty in children and adolescents. These included the death of a parent or parental separation before age 5, the absence of the father and low income-to-needs ratios experienced at ages 7-9.

"This research adds to the body of knowledge in our field showing the significant and lifelong impacts to women and their offspring when it comes to prenatal emotional, environmental and other factors," Fox said. "This is important as we continue to come up with practical and policy solutions that contribute to greater access to healthcare and the general wellbeing of pregnant mothers."

  • Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Infant's Health
  • Mental Health Research
  • Teen Health
  • Child Psychology
  • Child Development
  • Mental Health
  • Gender Difference
  • Delayed puberty
  • Premature birth
  • Facial symmetry

Story Source:

Materials provided by University of California - Los Angeles . Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference :

  • Molly M. Fox, Jennifer Hahn-Holbrook, Curt A. Sandman, Jessica A. Marino, Laura M. Glynn, Elysia Poggi Davis. Mothers’ prenatal distress accelerates adrenal pubertal development in daughters . Psychoneuroendocrinology , 2024; 160: 106671 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106671

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daily travel during pregnancy

Texas Judge Strikes Blow to Covid-Era Congress Proxy Voting (1)

By Riddhi Setty and Ryan Autullo

Riddhi Setty

A federal judge in Texas has curtailed federal lawmakers’ abilities to vote on behalf of others not physically present in Congress, ruling that the practice initiated during Covid-19 lockdowns violated the US Constitution’s quorum requirements.

Judge James Hendrix of the US District Court for the Northern District of Texas sided with the state of Texas on Tuesday, which had sued the federal government to block legislation included in the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2023. The House of Representatives failed to meet a quorum when passing the funding package through proxy voting in late 2022 with only 201 members present, said Hendrix, a Trump appointee.

The ruling from the conservative Texas judge raises new questions about the fate of legislation passed while proxy voting rules from former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D) were in effect until early 2023, and leaves an open door for further challenges.

Texas filed a lawsuit against the Justice Department, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and other agencies in February 2023 to block enforcement of measures including the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act, which was added to the $1.7 trillion spending package. The PWFA, enacted in December 2022, requires employers to grant reasonable accommodations for pregnant workers, similar to those required for disabled employees.

Hendrix’s decision prohibits enforcement of the PWFA against Texas. He said that the state established an injury by showing it would bear about $6,600 in one-time costs for the attorney general’s office to update policies and amend training to comply with the PWFA. The office would incur $5,200 in annual costs starting the next year.

However, Hendrix made it clear the case brought by Texas is “narrow” and that his decision doesn’t indicate a quorum clause challenge could be brought against “any act of Congress.”

“Texas’s claim involves a specific challenge to a particular House quorum rule as applied to one portion of an act with a known vote count,” he wrote.

The EEOC issued proposed rules to implement the pregnancy discrimination law in August 2023, which sparked debate over the mention of abortion as a pregnancy-related medical condition.

By targeting a specific vote in the House, Texas brought a narrower claim than the much broader challenge against the chamber’s use of proxy voting from then-House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy. He lost that case on jurisdictional grounds when the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ruled it couldn’t review an internal legislative matter.

Texas also sought to invalidate an immigration-related appropriation passed by a proxy vote in the House, but Hendrix rejected the claim.

In that one, the House approved $20 million in funding for a program that allows undocumented immigrants to remain in local communities during immigration proceedings. Texas couldn’t prove it was harmed, Hendrix said, because the money hasn’t been released and it’s unknown if any will go to Texas.

The case is Texas v. Dep’t of Justice , N.D. Tex., No. 5:23-cv-00034, order 2/27/24.

To contact the reporters on this story: Riddhi Setty in Washington at [email protected] ; Ryan Autullo in Austin at [email protected]

To contact the editors responsible for this story: Jay-Anne B. Casuga at [email protected] ; Stephanie Gleason at [email protected] ; Rebekah Mintzer at [email protected]

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daily travel during pregnancy

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Dr. Nicole Martin Shares a Powerful Message About Body Changes During Pregnancy

The Real Housewives of Miami  cast member, pregnant with baby No. 2, is not letting "trolls" get to her.

daily travel during pregnancy

Dr. Nicole Martin 's second pregnancy has been filled with equal parts celebration and struggle.

How to Watch

Watch The Real Housewives of Miami on Bravo Wednesdays at 9/8c and next day on  Peacock . Catch up on the Bravo App .

The Real Housewives of Miami   cast member announced that she was expecting her second child with fiancé, Anthony Lopez , in early November 2023. Just days later, Nicole announced that her father, Miguel, passed away .

Still, Nicole, who is the mom to a  4-year-old son , Greyson, has found reasons to smile through it all. In January, she revealed that they will be welcoming a baby girl into the world come April , and Greyson could not be any more excited.

"He's the one that was really like, 'Can I have a baby sister?' He was very adamant and specific that he wanted a baby sister...," she told  Us Weekly   in November 2023. "But he wanted a baby sister because he felt like he wouldn't have to share his toys if it was a girl."

Don’t miss out on the latest Bravo news:

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Brittany Cartwright Admits Couples "Might Need Their Space" Amid Jax Taylor Split Rumors

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Although Nicole has shared a lot about her pregnancy over the past few months, and has received so much support, she is now responding to any comments about her appearance and body changes amid her pregnancy. Read on to hear what Nicole had to say when one commenter pointed out a prominent feature of hers.

Dr. Nicole Martin's Response to "Trolls" Amid Pregnancy

View this post on Instagram A post shared by Nicole Martin, MD (@drnicolemartin)

Nicole took to Instagram on Saturday, Feb. 24, where she posted a photo of herself decked out in cozy clothes while spending time indoors in Aspen, Colorado. The expecting mom and anesthesiologist looked fabulous in her brown coat, furry headband, and oversized sunglasses while rocking a glossy pout.

"Mountain life....is good," she wrote in the caption of the post. "If you can't ski, you may as well have fun getting dressed!"

But one commenter criticized her pout, writing that her lips were so big they were "trying to match her stomach." Nicole defended herself, firing back that "it's called pregnancy."

Nicole took to her Instagram story after writing that comment, where she shared some helpful information. She wrote, "Did you know that pregnant patients are 10 times more likely to have difficulty with airway management during general anesthesia due to pregnancy related changes to their oral airway?"

She continued to explain her slight change in appearance, noting that she normally "doesn't engage with trolls" but this time was different.

"I felt the need to say something, because as beautiful as pregnancy is, it is also a very challenging time, and a lot of women's lives, you know, you're going through hormonal changes, your body is going through all these changes, you're exhausted, you're not feeling well, and it's challenging in and of itself," she said.

"We don't need people commenting on how your nose has changed, your lips have changed, your belly is so big, are you having twins, when are you due," she explained. "Like, it's just not helpful in any way, shape, or form, so if you don't have something nice to say, don't say anything at all."

Dr. Nicole Martin's Pregnancy Beauty Treatment That She's "Obsessed" With

Nicole Martin at the Watch What Happens Live Clubhouse in New York City.

Nicole visits Watch What Happens Live with Andy Cohen on January 17, 2024 in New York City.

Dr. Nicole Martin Shows Off Her Baby Bump in a Snow-Melting Look

Nicole hasn't just been spending time in Aspen during her pregnancy but has enjoyed paying a visit to the spa  to pamper herself.

Nicole paid a visit to Refine Health Miami in January, where she was pampered with a facial for her pregnancy bump, where an aesthetician was seen steaming, exfoliating, and massaging her stomach before finishing it off with a Hydro Jelly Mask. 

"Am I the only one who didn't know about belly facials?!?," Nicole wrote on her Instagram Story at the time. "I'm obsessed! If we are friends and you're pregnant, know this is your pregnancy gift."

Part 1 of  The Real Housewives of Miami Season 6 Reunion airs on Bravo on Wednesday, Feb. 28 at 9/8c. You can stream the uncensored version the next day on Peacock .

  • Nicole Martin

The Real Housewives of Miami

  • Kids And Families
  • Pregnancy And Fertility

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IMAGES

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  3. 5 Tips for Traveling During Pregnancy

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  4. Travelling By Car During Pregnancy First Trimester

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  5. Tips for Traveling When Pregnant (I Traveled Safely During My Pregnancy

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  6. Traveling While Pregnant: 9 Essential Tips

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  1. Trip to Florida || Day 1 || Travel during pregnancy || Travel Tips

  2. Air travel during pregnancy// tips to remember #airtravelduringpregnancy

  3. STARTING OUR PREGNANCY JOURNEY IN A MONTH!🤰🏻

  4. Home to hospital journey ❤️ #hospitalbag #delivery #hospital #pregnancy #pregnancyjourney #pregnant

COMMENTS

  1. Travel During Pregnancy

    During a healthy pregnancy, occasional air travel is almost always safe. Most airlines allow you to fly domestically until about 36 weeks of pregnancy. Your ob-gyn can provide proof of your due date if you need it. If you are planning an international flight, the cut-off for traveling may be earlier.

  2. When to stop traveling when pregnant

    The sweet spot for pregnancy travel is during your second trimester, between 14 weeks and 27 weeks. By the second trimester, any struggles you've had with morning sickness and fatigue during the earlier weeks of pregnancy should have hopefully subsided - and after 12 weeks, your risk of miscarriage decreases significantly as well.

  3. Pregnant Travelers

    Learn more about traveling during pregnancy and steps you can take to keep you and your baby healthy. Before Travel. Before you book a cruise or air travel, check the airlines or cruise operator policies for pregnant women. Some airlines will let you fly until 36 weeks, but others may have an earlier cutoff. Cruises may not allow you to travel ...

  4. What To Know About Travel During Pregnancy

    It's generally safe to travel during pregnancy, but you should always talk to your healthcare provider beforehand and make sure you have a plan in case of any medical emergencies. "For the ...

  5. Pregnancy Travel Tips: Is It Safe to Travel While Pregnant?

    Use these tried-and-true tactics to make pregnancy travel easier and less stressful. Can you travel while pregnant? Before the COVID-19 pandemic, travel was rarely restricted during pregnancy unless a mom-to-be was nearing her due date, had certain pregnancy complications, or was planning to visit an area with a Zika or malaria risk.

  6. Travel During Pregnancy

    Travel During Pregnancy. As long as there are no identified complications or concerns with your pregnancy, it is generally safe to travel during your pregnancy. The ideal time to travel during pregnancy is the second trimester. In most cases, you are past the morning sickness of the first trimester and several weeks from the third stage of ...

  7. What it's like to travel during each trimester of pregnancy

    From roughly weeks 13 to 27 of a pregnancy, your activity and comfort levels are often good, and this means that it can be a great time to travel. Couples that like to take "babymoons" (one last couples trip before the baby arrives) often try to schedule them in the second trimester.

  8. Traveling While Pregnant: What You Should Know

    Wear well-fitted compression stockings when traveling during pregnancy. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water. Avoid drinking caffeinated beverages and alcohol, as these can lead to dehydration. If possible, try to exercise or walk every 30 minutes. If you're traveling by car, arrange rest breaks and take short walks.

  9. Air travel during pregnancy: Is it safe?

    Answer From Mary Marnach, M.D. Generally, air travel before 36 weeks of pregnancy is considered safe for people who aren't dealing with any pregnancy problems. Still, if you're pregnant, it's a good idea to talk with your health care provider before you fly. Your provider might suggest that you not fly if you have certain pregnancy ...

  10. Traveling While Pregnant

    Travel during the first and second trimesters is usually considered to be safe, although it may be more tiring than usual. Traveling during the first trimester of pregnancy may pose a few challenges, especially if you're experiencing morning sickness, nausea, or fatigue. And the risk of bleeding or miscarriage is the greatest during these months.

  11. Flying While Pregnant: Tips to Enjoy Your Travel

    For most women, flying during pregnancy is perfectly fine through the third trimester. In fact, the ideal time to do it is between the 12th and 36th weeks of pregnancy - when there's a decreased chance of complications. If you're carrying twins, though, the safest time to fly is prior to week 32.

  12. Flying while pregnant? Restrictions & other policies

    Virgin Australia. No restrictions. Travel permitted; requires a medical certificate dated within 10 days of departure date once you reach 28 weeks. For flights longer than four hours, travel is not permitted after 36 weeks of pregnancy (32 weeks if pregnant with multiples), or within 48 hours of normal vaginal delivery.

  13. Here Are the Rules for Flying When You're Pregnant

    According to the ACOG, "The best time to travel is mid-pregnancy (14 to 28 weeks). During these weeks, your energy has returned, morning sickness is improved or gone, and you are still able to get ...

  14. Travelling in pregnancy

    Some women prefer not to travel in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy because of nausea and vomiting and feeling very tired during these early stages. The risk of miscarriage is also higher in the first 3 months, whether you're travelling or not. Travelling in the final months of pregnancy can be tiring and uncomfortable.

  15. Traveling While Pregnant: What to Pack in Your Carry-On

    6. Panty Liners and an Extra Panty. We don't have to remind you that pregnancy can bring along more discharge than usual. An extra pair of underwear and a good stash of liners can keep you feeling a teensy bit fresher than you would otherwise. 7. Reflux Meds.

  16. Travel during pregnancy

    Plan ahead and follow these tips to stay safe when traveling during pregnancy: Ask your airline if they have a cut-off time for traveling during pregnancy. You can fly on most airlines up to 36 weeks of pregnancy. But if you're flying out of the country, the cut-off time may be earlier. Check to see what medical care your health insurance covers.

  17. How to Travel During Pregnancy in 12 Steps

    Travel times should allow an extra day or two. Frequent Breaks: Stopping every hour or two when driving will help the pregnant woman to keep circulation moving and prevent swelling and pain from sitting for long periods of time. During these stops it is a great idea to walk around for 15 minutes. These breaks are also the perfect time to ...

  18. Staying Comfortable Traveling while Pregnant: What To Expect And How To

    The short answer is yes. First things first: traveling while pregnant is not a one-size-fits-all experience. Some women have zero problems traveling long hours while others are more sensitive and require extra attention to their health. Factors such as your weight and age will also affect how easy it is to travel while pregnant.

  19. How to Make Air Travel During Pregnancy More Comfortable

    Compression socks. "During pregnancy, you are at an increased risk of developing a blood clot," Louise says. "That's why compression socks, hydration, and movement—walking, stretching ...

  20. Pregnant Travelers

    Antihistamines (e.g., dimenhydrinate, meclizine) often are used in pregnancy for morning sickness and motion sickness and appear to have a good safety record. Carefully consider appropriate pain management and use of analgesics during pregnancy. Acetaminophen remains the nonopioid analgesic of choice during pregnancy.

  21. Pregnancy and travel

    High-risk pregnancies and travel. Pregnant women experiencing complications are advised not to travel. Some complications include: cervical problems, such as 'incompetent cervix'. vaginal bleeding. multiple pregnancy. gestational diabetes, past or present. high blood pressure, past or present. pre-eclampsia (a toxic condition sometimes ...

  22. Travel insurance when pregnant: What you need to know

    Pregnant women are constantly making adjustments to their daily lives during pregnancy, and traveling is no exception. Moms-to-be have a lot to consider before booking a getaway, mainly making ...

  23. Travelling by bus when pregnant

    How safe is bus travel during pregnancy? Road travel of any kind is safe provided you are careful and follow the rules. But it's also true that bumpy roads and unruly traffic make travel unsafe. The conditions get particularly bad during the monsoons when the roads are wet and slushy and many a times flooded or waterlogged. Here some other ...

  24. New study links placental oxygen levels to fetal brain development

    The placenta, an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy, is the main conduit for oxygenation and nutrients to a fetus, and a vital endocrine organ during pregnancy.

  25. Stress during pregnancy can lead to early maturation of first-born

    Stress during pregnancy can lead to early maturation of first-born daughters. ScienceDaily . Retrieved February 24, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com / releases / 2024 / 02 / 240220143719.htm

  26. Texas Judge Strikes Blow to Covid-Era Congress Proxy Voting (1)

    A federal judge in Texas has curtailed federal lawmakers' abilities to vote on behalf of others not physically present in Congress, ruling that the practice initiated during Covid-19 lockdowns violated the US Constitution's quorum requirements.. Judge James Hendrix of the US District Court for the Northern District of Texas sided with the state of Texas on Tuesday, which had sued the ...

  27. Dr. Nicole Martin Powerful Message On Second Pregnancy, Appearance

    Dr. Nicole Martin Shares a Powerful Message About Body Changes During Pregnancy The Real Housewives of Miami cast member, pregnant with baby No. 2, is not letting "trolls" get to her. By Casey ...

  28. Hong Kong Records Most Chinese New Year Tourists Since Pre-Covid

    Chinese tourists tapped a lengthy national holiday to travel to Hong Kong, Macau and overseas in the largest numbers they have in years, suggesting consumption in the world's second-largest ...