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WebDriver BiDi is the future of cross-browser automation. Read all about it!
Below is where you can find the latest releases of all the Selenium components.
You can also find a list of previous releases, source code, and additional information for Maven users.
Selenium Clients and WebDriver Language Bindings
In order to create scripts that interact with the Selenium Server (Remote WebDriver) or create local Selenium WebDriver scripts, you need to make use of language-specific client drivers.
While language bindings for other languages exist , these are the core ones that are supported by the main project hosted on GitHub.
Stable: 4.18.1 (February 19, 2024)
Selenium Server (Grid)
The Selenium Server is needed in order to run Remote Selenium WebDriver (Grid).
Latest stable version 4.18.1
To use the Selenium Server in a Grid configuration see the documentation .
The Internet Explorer Driver Server
This is required if you want to make use of the latest and greatest features of the WebDriver InternetExplorerDriver.
Please make sure that this is available on your %PATH% in order for the IE Driver to work as expected.
Download version 4.14.0.0 for:
32 bit Windows IE (recommended)
64 bit Windows IE
Selenium IDE
Selenium IDE is a Chrome, Firefox and Edge plugin which records and plays back user interactions with the browser. Use this to either create simple scripts or assist in exploratory testing.
Download latest released version for Chrome or Firefox or Edge . View the Release Notes.
Download previous IDE versions .
Selenium Nightly Builds
If you need a bug fix or a feature that just landed on the codebase, or if you wish to test the next release before it is out, check the Selenium Nightly Builds.
While we always strive to keep code in a releasable state, bugs or undocumented changes might be present when you use a nightly build.
WebDriver & DevTools
You will need to authenticate to the GitHub RubyGems registry, instructions can be seen at the GitHub documentation .
Nightly builds are pushed to TestPyPI .
Work in progress.
WebDriver & Grid
Nuget latest release is 4.18.1 Released on February 19, 2024.
WebDriverBackedSelenium (Final version 4.1.0 Released on November 22, 2021)
RC (Final version 3.1.0 Released on February 16, 2017)
Previous Releases
Release date: march 21, 2024.
Selenium 4.18.0
Release date: February 19, 2024
Selenium 4.17.0
Release date: January 23, 2024
Selenium 4.16
Release date: December 6, 2023
Selenium 4.15
Release date: November 1, 2023
Selenium 4.14
Release date: October 10, 2023
Selenium 4.13
Release date: September 25, 2023
Selenium 4.12.0
Release date: August 31, 2023
Selenium 4.11.0
Release date: July 31, 2023
Selenium 4.10.0
Release date: June 7, 2023
Selenium 4.9.0
Release date: April 20, 2023
Selenium 4.8.0
Release date: January 23, 2023
Selenium 4.7.0
Release date: December 1, 2022
Selenium 4.6.0
Release date: November 4, 2022
Selenium 4.5.0
Release date: September 28, 2022
Selenium 4.4.0
Release date: August 9, 2022
Selenium 4.3.0
Release date: June 23, 2022
Selenium 4.2.0
Release date: May 27, 2022
Selenium 4.1.0
Release date: November 22, 2021
Selenium 4.0.0
Release date: October 13, 2021
Selenium 4.0.0 RC3
Release date: October 8, 2021
Selenium 4.0.0 RC2
Release date: September 30, 2021
Selenium 4.0.0 RC 1
Release date: September 1, 2021
Selenium 4.0.0 Beta 4
Release date: June 4, 2021
Selenium 4.0.0 Beta 3
Release date: April 13, 2021
Selenium 4.0.0 Beta 2
Release date: March 16, 2021
Selenium 4.0.0 Beta 1
Release date: February 15, 2021
Selenium 4.0.0 Alpha 7
Release date: November 10, 2020
Selenium 4.0.0 Alpha 6
Release date: May 28, 2020
Selenium 4.0.0 Alpha 5
Release date: March 17, 2020
Selenium 4.0.0 Alpha 4
Release date: January 9, 2020
Selenium 4.0.0 Alpha 3
Release date: September 26, 2019
Selenium 3.150.0
Release date: August 22, 2019
Selenium 4.0.0 Alpha 2
Release date: July 1, 2019
Selenium 4.0.0 Alpha 1
Release date: April 18, 2019
Selenium 3.141.59
Release date: November 14, 2018
Selenium 3.141.5
Release date: November 6, 2018
Selenium 3.141.0
Release date: October 30, 2018
Selenium 3.14.0
Release date: August 1, 2018
Selenium 3.13.0
Release date: June 25, 2018
Selenium 3.12.0
Release date: May 8, 2018
Selenium 3.11.0
Release date: March 11, 2018
Selenium 3.10.0
Release date: March 2, 2018
Selenium 3.9.1
Release date: February 7, 2018
Selenium 3.9.0
Release date: February 5, 2018
Selenium 3.8.1
Release date: December 1, 2017
Selenium 3.8.0
Release date: November 28, 2017
Selenium 3.7.1
Release date: November 6, 2017
Selenium 3.7.0
Release date: November 2, 2017
Selenium 3.6.0
Release date: September 22, 2017
Selenium 3.5.3
Release date: August 29, 2017
Selenium 3.5.2
Release date: August 21, 2017
Selenium 3.5.1
Release date: August 16, 2017
Selenium 3.5.0
Release date: August 10, 2017
Selenium 3.4.0
Release date: April 21, 2017
Selenium 3.3.1
Release date: March 10, 2017
Selenium 3.3.0
Release date: March 7, 2017
Selenium 3.2.0
Release date: February 23, 2017
Selenium 3.1.0
Release date: February 15, 2017
Selenium 3.0.1
Release date: October 18, 2016
Selenium 3.0.0
Release date: October 13, 2016
Selenium 3.0.0-beta-4
Release date: September 29, 2016
Selenium 3.0.0-beta-3
Release date: September 1, 2016
Selenium 3.0.0-beta-2
Release date: August 2, 2016
Selenium 3.0.0-beta-1
Release date: July 29, 2016
Selenium 2.53.1
Release date: June 30, 2016
Selenium 2.53.0
Release date: March 15, 2016
Selenium 2.52.2
Release date: March 7, 2016
Selenium 2.52.1
Release date: February 23, 2016
Selenium 2.52.0
Release date: February 11, 2016
Selenium 2.51.0
Release date: February 5, 2016
Selenium 2.50.1
Release date: January 29, 2016
Selenium 2.50.0
Release date: January 27, 2016
Selenium 2.49.1
Release date: January 21, 2016
Selenium 2.49.0
Release date: January 13, 2016
Selenium 2.48.2
Release date: October 9, 2015
Selenium 2.48.1
Release date: October 8, 2015
Selenium 2.48.0
Release date: October 7, 2015
Selenium 2.47.1
Release date: July 30, 2015
Selenium 2.47.0
Release date: July 29, 2015
Selenium 2.46.0
Release date: June 4, 2015
Selenium 2.45.0
Release date: February 26, 2015
Selenium 2.44.0
Release date: October 23, 2014
Selenium 2.43.1
Release date: September 10, 2014
Selenium 2.43.0
Release date: September 9, 2014
Selenium 2.42.2
Release date: June 2, 2014
Selenium 2.42.1
Release date: May 29, 2014
Selenium 2.42.0
Release date: May 22, 2014
Selenium 2.41.0
Release date: March 27, 2014
Selenium 2.40.0
Release date: February 19, 2014
Selenium 2.39.0
Release date: December 16, 2013
Maven information.
If you're using Maven or Gradle, you will find more information on MVNRepository . When the most recent version of Selenium is not there yet, you can also check the Selenium Maven repository .
Over the last decade, a large ecosystem of Open Source projects have sprouted up around Selenium. Check them out at the Ecosystem page .
Platforms Supported by Selenium
GeckoDriver is implemented and supported by Mozilla, refer to their documentation for supported versions.
Internet Explorer
Only version 11 is supported, and it requires additional configuration .
SafariDriver is supported directly by Apple, for more information, check their documentation
OperaDriver is supported by Opera Software, refer to their documentation for supported versions.
ChromeDriver is supported by the Chromium project, please refer to their documentation for any compatibility information.
Microsoft is implementing and maintaining the Microsoft Edge WebDriver, please refer to their documentation for any compatibility information.
Operating Systems
Microsoft Windows
Most versions of MS Windows that are currently still supported by Microsoft should work with Selenium. Although we use the latest MS Windows to troubleshoot things, it does not mean Selenium won't attempt to support different versions of Windows. This only means we don't continually run tests on other particular version of Windows.
We currently do not use any version of macOS in our automated tests against the Selenium project. However most developers on the project are using a recent version of macOS and we'll continue to support the current stable release and often the previous release.
We test mainly on Ubuntu, but other variations of Linux should also work where the browser manufacturers support them.
Source Code
You can also find a list of the Selenium source code at our GitHub repository .
Selenium Level Sponsors
Support the selenium project.
Want to support the Selenium project? Learn more or view the full list of sponsors.
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Locating Strategies By Tag Name Using Java
Web application testing must be rigorous and thorough. For this reason, many tests for web applications are automated. Selenium is an open-source framework that allows us to automate web browser testing.
Table of Content
Steps for Locating Elements By Tag Name in Java
Faq’s on locating strategies by tag name.
In the following sections, we will look at how to use tag names to locate elements in our HTML code using Java and Selenium. Then we will also see how we can access text inside those tags.
Step 1: Create a Project
Create a Maven project in your Java IDE. For this tutorial, I will be using the Community Edition of IntelliJ Idea IDE. Alternatively, you could use others like Eclipse IDE or the NetBeans IDE that are open source. Navigate to File > New > Project to initiate the project setup.
Navigating to creating the New Project option
Step 2: Set Up the Project Configuration
Next, we will look at the configuration settings for our project. When you click the Project button from the previous step, a new dialogue box will open. In this, choose a name for your project and the build type as Maven.
The main configuration that we will set here is the build-system and the java language level that we want to use in our project.
Maven is a build tool for Java. You specify what libraries you need in your pom.xml file. Maven reads this file and downloads these libraries and automatically adds them to the classpath. This saves you from manually doing these steps. From the classpath, the JRE is able to use these external libraries to run the project.
The language level we will choose is Java-17. This looks like as follows:
Project Settings
When you are done, click on the create button at the bottom of the dialogue box.
Step 3: Add the Selenium Dependency
Now add the following selenium dependency in the pom.xml file:
Now, your pom.xml file should match the following:
Step 4: Building The main class
Now we will develop the main class. We will create a simple automation in this example. It consists of the following steps:
- Open the browser
- Locate elements using the tag name
- See how to access text inside it
- Close the browser
Without any human interactions. Modify the existing code in your main class as:-
Step 5: Testing the Automation
Now, we will test the automation we have just created. Upon running the code, we get the output of this is as:
Text inside the first div
Step 6: Error Handling
Now, what happens if try to look for a tag that does not exist in our code?
We see an ugly error on the console and the code behaves weirdly. The error looks like as follows:
NoSuchElementException
To avoid such situations, we can enclose our code in a try-catch block.
Modify the code above as:
Now when you try to run the code you see a simple message that tells you the source of your problem and does not cause the application to behave weirdly. The message logged on the console is as follows:
Locating strategies with partial link text on various Browsers
Selenium Web Driver currently provides support for Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Safari, Microsoft Edge, and Firefox Browser. The dependency we have used in this tutorial is sufficient for all of these drivers. If you wish to have only browser-specific libraries in your application, you could add the specific libraries for each of these drivers:
1. Chrome Driver
<!– https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-chrome-driver –> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-chrome-driver</artifactId> <version>4.18.0</version> </dependency>
2. IE Driver
<!– https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-ie-driver –> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-ie-driver</artifactId> <version>4.18.0</version> </dependency>
3. Safari Driver
<!– https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-safari-driver –> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-safari-driver</artifactId> <version>4.18.0</version> </dependency>
4. Microsoft Edge Driver
<!– https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-edge-driver –> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-edge-driver</artifactId> <version>4.18.0</version> </dependency>
5. Firefox Driver
<!– https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-firefox-driver –> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-firefox-driver</artifactId> <version>4.18.0</version> </dependency>
Just add any of these for the browser that you want to automate and you are good to go.
In this article, we looked at how we can locate elements using tag names. If you have any queries, please feel free to comment below.
Q1. Why does this feature even exist if we can use Xpath?
Ans: We can indeed locate many possible elements using XPath. But, the downside of this is that your code becomes very hard to read and maintain. Furthermore, modern websites have a very large HTML code. This makes it difficult to identify and keep track of the tree structure of the document. This is why locating elements by tag names makes it simpler and a more beginner-friendly alternative than xpath.
Q2. What happens if I have multiple tags of the same type?
Ans: If you have multiple tags of the same type then the one which appears the first in your code is returned by default.
Q3. Can I use this on the title tag?
Ans: Yes you can use it for the title tag but it is not recommended. This is because the title tag lies inside the HTML head tag and is processed differently than the contents of the HTML body tag. It is best to limit the use of the locating strategy by tag name to the contents of the body tag only.
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So that the output can be visible easily. At last, the opened Safari window has to be closed. For that reason, the quit () method is going to be implemented. Below is the complete implementation of the above approach: Java. import java.io.*; import java.lang.Thread; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
These are capabilities and features specific to Apple Safari browsers. Unlike Chromium and Firefox drivers, the safaridriver is installed with the Operating System. To enable automation on Safari, run the following command from the terminal: safaridriver --enable.
It can be turned on by opening Safari preferences (Safari > Preferences in the menu bar), going to the Advanced tab, and ensuring that the Show Develop menu in menu bar checkbox is checked. Enable Remote Automation in the Develop menu. This is toggled via Develop > Allow Remote Automation in the menu bar.
WebDriver is a REST API. It hosts a local web server that accepts REST-style HTTP requests, so it can accept automation commands from a wide variety of test setups. To support WebDriver without sacrificing a user's privacy or security, Safari's driver provides extra safeguards to ensure that test execution is isolated from normal browsing ...
Let's assume the use of Selenium with Java for the upcoming examples. Let's consider a simple test scenario with three steps: Launch Safari browser. Visit https://www.google.com. Enter the search query "BrowserStack". Click on the search button. Close the browser. A Java program for the above test scenario is as follows:
Selenium's Java and Python client libraries offer support for Safari's native driver implementation starting in the 3.0.0-beta1 release. Important. Don't use the old SafariDriver implementation, which is no longer supported by the Selenium project. The Apple-developed driver is a replacement for the legacy SafariDriver formerly maintained ...
public class SafariDriver extends RemoteWebDriver implements HasPermissions, HasDebugger. A WebDriver implementation that controls Safari using a browser extension (consequently, only Safari 5.1+ is supported). This driver can be configured using the SafariOptions class.
Configure and enable Safari WebDriver: If you are on macOS v10.13 (High Sierra) and later run 'safaridriver --enable' command in terminal. Open the Safari browser and follow the below steps: Safari → Preferences then on the Advanced tab, select 'Show Develop menu in menu bar'. From the menu bar, choose Develop → 'Allow Remote Automation'.
Step 1: Download and Install the Safari Browser Extension. Step 2: Enable the WebDriver Browser Extension by going to Safari > Preferences and open the preferences window and then enable the "Enable WebDriver" option. Step 3: Restart your Browser.
Pre-requisites for Setup and Configuration of Selenium in Java. Step 1 - Install Java. Step 2 - Install Eclipse. Step 3 - Selenium Client and WebDriver Language Bindings. Step 4 - Configuring Selenium WebDriver With Eclipse. Step 5 - Creating and Running the first test using Selenium and Java. Best Practices while writing Selenium ...
The "Develop" menu now visible in Safari. Then click the "Allow Remote Automation" option. This short drill gets your Mac ready to run Selenium tests without any downloads. This process would be more complex on Chrome and Safari as their corresponding drivers don't come installed by default. A few things to know when running tests: 1 ...
Create a WebDriver instance. Navigate to a webpage. Locate a web element on the webpage via locators in selenium. Perform one or more user actions on the element. Preload the expected output/browser response to the action. Run test. Record results and compare results from them to the expected output.
Type the value "javatpoint tutorials". Click on the Search button. Close the browser. We will create our fifth test case in the same test suite (Demo_Test). Step1. Right click on the "src" folder and create a new Class File from New > Class. Give your Class name as "Fifth" and click on "Finish" button. Step2.
Selenium Safari Driver. Selenium automates browsers. That's it! What you do with that power is entirely up to you. License: Apache 2.0: Tags: selenium testing driver: ... Absolute Beginner (Part 1) Java 4 Selenium WebDriver: Come Learn How To Program For Automation Testing (Black & White Edition) (Practical How To Selenium Tutorials) (2016) by ...
DriverFinder; import org. openqa. selenium. remote. service. DriverService; * (consequently, only Safari 5.1+ is supported). * This driver can be configured using the {@link SafariOptions} class. * Initializes a new SafariDriver} class with default {@link SafariOptions}. * Initializes a new SafariDriver using the specified {@link SafariOptions}.
Let's consider a simple test scenario with three steps: Launch Safari browser. Visit https://www.google.com. Enter the search query "Yahoo". Click on the search button. Close the browser. A Java program for the above test scenario is as follows: import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
Selenium IDE is a Chrome, Firefox and Edge plugin which records and plays back user interactions with the browser. Use this to either create simple scripts or assist in exploratory testing. Download latest released version for Chrome or Firefox or Edge. View the Release Notes. Download previous IDE versions.
It appears that the SafariDriver for Selenium doesn't wait for web pages to load. My test is as follows: import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.openqa.
Selenium Web Driver currently provides support for Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Safari, Microsoft Edge, and Firefox Browser. The dependency we have used in this tutorial is sufficient for all of these drivers. If you wish to have only browser-specific libraries in your application, you could add the specific libraries for each of these ...
Could not start server: must specify at least one configuration argument. Usage: safaridriver [options] -h, --help Prints out this usage information. -p, --port Port number the driver should use. If the server is already running, the port cannot be changed. If port 0 is specified, a default port will be used.
I was also facing issues in initiating safari browser on mac machine, and below solution helped me. Everytime I was calling driver init, browser was getting opened but the URL was not getting hit. I am using Page object factory, with selenium , Java , maven and testng.