FluentSlang

Top 40 Slang For Gypsies – Meaning & Usage

Gypsies, with their rich cultural heritage and nomadic lifestyle, have a language all their own. From colorful expressions to unique words that capture the essence of their way of life, this listicle is your guide to the top slang for gypsies . Join us as we explore the fascinating world of gypsy slang and gain a deeper understanding of their vibrant community. Get ready to expand your vocabulary and gain insight into a culture that is as diverse as it is fascinating.

Click above to generate some slangs

This term refers to the Romani people, who are an ethnic group with origins in India and a long history of migration throughout Europe.

  • For example , “The Rom have a rich cultural heritage, including traditional music and dance.”
  • In a conversation about diversity , someone might say, “The Rom are an important part of Europe’s cultural tapestry.”
  • A person discussing discrimination might point out , “The Rom face significant challenges and prejudice in many countries.”

2. Traveller

This term is used to describe a community of people who live a nomadic lifestyle, often traveling in caravans or trailers.

  • For instance , “The Traveller community has a unique culture and traditions.”
  • In a discussion about alternative lifestyles , someone might say, “Many Travellers choose to live off the grid and embrace a simpler way of life.”
  • A person interested in cultural anthropology might study , “The history and customs of Traveller communities around the world.”

This term can refer to a person who works with metal, often repairing or creating items. It can also be used as a derogatory slang term for a Gypsy.

  • For example , “He’s a skilled tinker who can fix anything.”
  • In a conversation about craftsmanship , someone might say, “Tinkers have a long tradition of creating beautiful and functional metalwork.”
  • A person using the term in a derogatory way might make a comment like , “Don’t trust that tinker, he’ll rip you off.”

This slang term is a derogatory and offensive way to refer to a Gypsy or Traveller.

  • For instance , “Using the term ‘gypo’ is highly disrespectful and perpetuates stereotypes.”
  • In a discussion about discrimination , someone might say, “Words like ‘gypo’ contribute to marginalization and prejudice.”
  • A person educating others about respectful language might explain , “It’s important to avoid using derogatory terms like ‘gypo’ and instead use inclusive language.”

This slang term is a derogatory and offensive way to refer to a Gypsy or Traveller. It is considered highly disrespectful and should be avoided.

  • For example , “Using the term ‘pikey’ is hurtful and perpetuates negative stereotypes.”
  • In a conversation about inclusivity , someone might say, “We should strive to create a society where derogatory terms like ‘pikey’ have no place.”
  • A person advocating for equality might point out , “Using slurs like ‘pikey’ only serves to divide us and perpetuate discrimination.”

6. Gypsy Soul

This term refers to someone who has a restless and adventurous nature, often associated with the Romani culture. It signifies a person who is constantly seeking new experiences and has a deep connection with their inner self.

  • For example , a traveler might describe themselves as having a “gypsy soul” because they are always on the move and crave new adventures.
  • Someone might say , “I can’t stay in one place for too long, I have a gypsy soul.”
  • A person with a love for exploration and independence might consider themselves to have a “gypsy soul.”

7. Traveler of the Road

This term refers to someone who travels frequently and has no fixed abode. It signifies a person who embraces a nomadic lifestyle and is constantly on the move, often living in temporary accommodations.

  • For instance , a person who lives in a van and travels from place to place might identify themselves as a “traveler of the road.”
  • Someone might say , “I’ve been a traveler of the road for the past five years, and I wouldn’t have it any other way.”
  • A person who enjoys the freedom of not being tied down to a specific location might describe themselves as a “traveler of the road.”

8. Wanderer

This term refers to someone who wanders aimlessly or travels without a specific destination in mind. It signifies a person who enjoys exploring different places and has a strong sense of adventure.

  • For example , a person who takes spontaneous trips to unfamiliar locations might consider themselves a “wanderer.”
  • Someone might say , “I have a restless spirit, always seeking new experiences. I guess you could call me a wanderer.”
  • A person who prefers to wander and discover new places rather than following a set itinerary might describe themselves as a “wanderer.”

This term refers to someone who has no permanent home and moves from place to place. It signifies a person who leads a nomadic lifestyle and relies on temporary shelters or accommodations.

  • For instance , a person who lives in a yurt and changes locations frequently might identify themselves as a “nomad.”
  • Someone might say , “I’ve always been drawn to a nomadic lifestyle, constantly seeking new horizons.”
  • A person who embraces a minimalist lifestyle and values experiences over material possessions might describe themselves as a “nomad.”

This term refers to someone who roams or travels without a specific purpose or destination. It signifies a person who enjoys exploring different places and has a sense of freedom and independence.

  • For example , a person who takes road trips to discover new locations might consider themselves a “roamer.”
  • Someone might say , “I have an insatiable desire to explore. I’m a roamer at heart.”
  • A person who enjoys the thrill of not knowing where they’ll end up next might describe themselves as a “roamer.”

A vardo is a traditional wagon or caravan used by Romani people. It is often elaborately decorated and serves as a home on wheels.

  • For example , “The Romani family traveled from town to town in their colorful vardo.”
  • In a discussion about Romani culture , someone might ask, “Do modern-day Romani still use vardos?”
  • A travel enthusiast might say , “I would love to experience life on the road in a vardo.”

Romani refers to the ethnic group that originated in northern India and migrated to various parts of the world. It is often used to describe the culture, language, and traditions of the Romani people.

  • For instance , “The Romani have a rich cultural heritage that spans centuries.”
  • In a conversation about diversity , someone might say, “The Romani are an important ethnic group with a unique history.”
  • An anthropologist might study the Romani and their contributions to society.

Gipsy is an informal term used to refer to a Romani person. It is important to note that this term can be considered derogatory or offensive by some, so it is best to use “Romani” or “Romany” instead.

  • For example , “He identified as a Gipsy and was proud of his Romani heritage.”
  • In a discussion about cultural sensitivity , someone might say, “It’s important to use the term Romani instead of Gipsy.”
  • An advocate for Romani rights might argue , “Using the term Gipsy perpetuates stereotypes and marginalizes the Romani community.”

Romany refers to the language spoken by the Romani people. It is an Indo-Aryan language with various dialects and is an important part of Romani culture.

  • For instance , “She learned to speak Romany to connect with her Romani heritage.”
  • In a conversation about linguistic diversity , someone might say, “Romany is an endangered language that needs to be preserved.”
  • A linguist might study the grammatical structure and vocabulary of Romany.

Gitan is a French term used to refer to a Romani person. It is derived from the Spanish word “gitano” and is often used in France and other French-speaking regions.

  • For example , “The Gitan community in France has faced discrimination and marginalization.”
  • In a discussion about cultural identity , someone might say, “Gitan is a term used by the French Romani to reclaim their heritage.”
  • A traveler might encounter the term Gitan while exploring Romani communities in France.

16. Zigeuner

This term is derived from the German word “Zigeuner” and is used to refer to the Roma people, a traditionally nomadic ethnic group. It can be considered a derogatory term and is often used in a discriminatory manner.

  • For example , “He used the term ‘Zigeuner’ to insult the Roma community.”
  • In a discussion about cultural diversity , someone might say, “The term ‘Zigeuner’ perpetuates negative stereotypes about the Roma.”
  • A person advocating for Roma rights might argue , “We should use more inclusive and respectful terminology when referring to the Zigeuner community.”

17. Kalderash

The Kalderash are a subgroup of the Roma people, known for their metalworking and craftsmanship skills. The term specifically refers to the Kalderash Roma, who have their own distinct language, customs, and traditions.

  • For instance , “The Kalderash community is known for their beautiful copperwork.”
  • In a discussion about Roma subgroups , someone might mention, “The Kalderash have a rich cultural heritage.”
  • A person studying Romani history might say , “The Kalderash are one of the oldest Romani subgroups, with a history dating back centuries.”

The Sinti are a subgroup of the Roma people, primarily residing in Germany, Austria, and Italy. They have their own language, customs, and cultural traditions that set them apart from other Romani groups.

  • For example , “The Sinti community has faced discrimination and persecution throughout history.”
  • In a discussion about Romani subgroups , someone might mention, “The Sinti have a strong musical tradition.”
  • A person studying the Holocaust might say , “The Sinti were also targeted by the Nazis during World War II.”

The Lovari are a subgroup of the Roma people, known for their itinerant lifestyle and expertise in horse trading. They have their own language, customs, and cultural traditions that differentiate them from other Romani groups.

  • For instance , “The Lovari community has a deep connection to horses and equestrian culture.”
  • In a discussion about Romani subgroups , someone might mention, “The Lovari are known for their vibrant and colorful clothing.”
  • A person studying Romani migration patterns might say , “The Lovari have a history of moving across different regions in search of trade opportunities.”

The term “Manush” is used by some Roma communities to refer to themselves as a collective group. It is a Romani word that translates to “people” in English. It signifies a sense of unity and shared identity among the Roma.

  • For example , “The Manush are a resilient and diverse community.”
  • In a discussion about Roma culture , someone might mention, “The Manush have a rich oral tradition passed down through generations.”
  • A person advocating for Roma rights might say , “We should respect the rights and dignity of the Manush community.”

21. Romanichal

Refers to a subgroup of Romani people who live in the United Kingdom. The term “Romanichal” is used to specifically identify this group of Gypsies.

  • For example , “The Romanichal Gypsies have a rich cultural heritage.”
  • In a discussion about Gypsy communities , someone might say, “Romanichal Gypsies have faced discrimination and marginalization.”
  • A person sharing a personal experience might say , “I recently had the opportunity to meet some Romanichal Gypsies and learn about their traditions.”

This term is used to refer to the Black Gypsy community. “Kale” is a Romani word that means “black” and is used to specifically identify this group of Gypsies.

  • For instance , “The Kale Gypsies have a unique cultural identity.”
  • In a discussion about the diversity within the Gypsy community , someone might say, “It’s important to recognize the experiences and perspectives of Kale Gypsies.”
  • A person advocating for inclusivity might say , “Let’s celebrate the contributions of Kale Gypsies to our society.”

Refers to a subgroup of Romani people who live in Central Europe. The term “Boyash” is used to specifically identify this group of Gypsies.

  • For example , “The Boyash Gypsies have a distinct language and cultural practices.”
  • In a discussion about Gypsy migration patterns , someone might say, “Boyash Gypsies have historically moved across different countries in Central Europe.”
  • A person sharing their travel experiences might say , “I had the opportunity to visit a Boyash Gypsy community and learn about their way of life.”

This term is used to refer to the Romani people as a whole. “Lom” is a Romani word that means “people” and is used to identify the broader community of Gypsies.

  • For instance , “The Lom have a rich and diverse cultural heritage.”
  • In a discussion about Gypsy history , someone might say, “The Lom have a long and complex history of migration and persecution.”
  • A person advocating for Gypsy rights might say , “It’s important to recognize the unique experiences and challenges faced by the Lom.”

25. Xoraxai

Refers to a subgroup of Romani people who live in Eastern Europe. The term “Xoraxai” is used to specifically identify this group of Gypsies.

  • For example , “The Xoraxai Gypsies have a distinct language and cultural traditions.”
  • In a discussion about Gypsy music , someone might say, “Xoraxai Gypsies are known for their vibrant and energetic musical performances.”
  • A person sharing their travels might say , “I had the opportunity to visit a Xoraxai Gypsy village and experience their hospitality and traditions.”

This term refers to a member of the Romani ethnic group, also known as Gypsies. It is important to note that the term “Gypsy” can be considered derogatory and offensive to some individuals, so it is recommended to use the term “Romani” instead.

  • For example , “She is a talented Romani artist.”
  • In a discussion about cultural diversity , one might say, “The Romani people have a rich and vibrant history.”
  • A person sharing their travel experiences might mention , “I had the opportunity to meet some Romani families during my trip to Eastern Europe.”

This term is used to refer to the Irish Traveller community, which is a distinct ethnic group in Ireland. The term “Pavee” is derived from the Irish word “páipéar,” meaning “tinker” or “traveller.”

  • For instance , “He comes from a Pavee background.”
  • In a discussion about cultural identity , one might say, “The Pavee community has faced discrimination and marginalization.”
  • A person sharing their experiences with different cultures might mention , “I had the chance to learn about Pavee traditions and customs during my visit to Ireland.”

This term is used to describe someone who begs for money or food. It can be considered derogatory and offensive, so it is important to use respectful language when discussing individuals who rely on begging as a means of survival.

  • For example , “She saw a mumper on the street and decided to give him some spare change.”
  • In a conversation about poverty and homelessness , one might say, “We need to address the root causes of mumping and provide support for those in need.”
  • A person discussing social inequality might argue , “We should work towards creating a society where no one has to resort to mumping for basic necessities.”

This term is used in some Romani communities to refer to a police officer. It is important to note that the term “Gavver” is specific to certain dialects and may not be widely recognized or used outside of those communities.

  • For instance , “He had a run-in with a Gavver while he was walking through the neighborhood.”
  • In a discussion about law enforcement , one might say, “The relationship between the Romani community and Gavvers can be complex.”
  • A person sharing their personal experiences might mention , “I had the opportunity to speak with a Gavver about their work and challenges they face in maintaining community safety.”

This term refers to the language spoken by some Romani communities. Caló is a mixture of Romani and Spanish, and it has its own unique vocabulary and grammar.

  • For example , “She is fluent in Caló.”
  • In a discussion about language preservation , one might say, “Efforts are being made to teach Caló to younger generations.”
  • A person sharing their travel experiences might mention , “I had the chance to learn a few Caló phrases during my visit to a Romani community.”

This term is used to refer to someone who is not a member of the Gypsy community. It is often used by Gypsies to distinguish between themselves and outsiders.

  • For example , a Gypsy might say, “He’s a gadjo, he doesn’t understand our way of life.”
  • In a conversation about cultural traditions , someone might ask, “Do gadjo people celebrate the same holidays as Gypsies?”
  • A Gypsy might explain their perspective by saying , “From a gadjo’s point of view, our lifestyle might seem unconventional.”

32. Didikai

This term is used to refer to someone who is half Gypsy and half non-Gypsy. It is often used to describe individuals who have mixed heritage.

  • For instance , a person might say, “I’m a didikai – my mother is Gypsy and my father is not.”
  • In a discussion about cultural identity , someone might ask, “Do didikai people feel more connected to their Gypsy or non-Gypsy side?”
  • A didikai might share their personal experience by saying , “Growing up as a didikai, I had to navigate between two different cultures.”

This term is used to refer to someone who is not a member of the Gypsy community. It is often used in a derogatory manner and is considered offensive by many Gypsies.

  • For example , a Gypsy might say, “He’s a gorgio, he doesn’t understand our traditions.”
  • In a conversation about cultural stereotypes , someone might ask, “Why do Gypsies use the term gorgio to refer to non-Gypsies?”
  • A Gypsy might explain their perspective by saying , “Using the term gorgio is a way for us to assert our identity and separate ourselves from outsiders.”

34. Apple-knocker

This term is used to describe someone who is ignorant or uninformed. It is often used by Gypsies to refer to non-Gypsies who hold negative stereotypes or prejudices against them.

  • For instance , a Gypsy might say, “He’s just an apple-knocker who doesn’t understand our culture.”
  • In a discussion about discrimination , someone might ask, “Why do Gypsies use the term apple-knocker to describe non-Gypsies?”
  • A Gypsy might explain their perspective by saying , “We use the term apple-knocker to highlight the ignorance and prejudice that some non-Gypsies hold against us.”
  • For example , a Gypsy might say, “He’s a gaujo, he doesn’t understand our way of life.”
  • In a conversation about cultural traditions , someone might ask, “Do gaujo people celebrate the same holidays as Gypsies?”
  • A Gypsy might explain their perspective by saying , “From a gaujo’s point of view, our lifestyle might seem exotic or mysterious.”

This is a derogatory term used to refer to a Gypsy. It is considered offensive and disrespectful to use this term.

  • For example , “He used a racial slur and referred to the person as a tink.”
  • In a discussion about discrimination , someone might say, “We need to address the use of derogatory terms like tink.”
  • Another might argue , “Using slurs like that only perpetuates stereotypes and discrimination.”

37. Traveler

This term is often used to refer to the Gypsy community. It acknowledges their nomadic lifestyle and their rich cultural heritage.

  • For instance , “The Traveler community has a unique language and customs.”
  • In a discussion about cultural diversity , someone might say, “We should appreciate and respect the traditions of Travelers.”
  • Another might share , “I had the opportunity to learn about the Romani culture from a Traveler I met while traveling.”

This is the Spanish word for Gypsy. It is commonly used in Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries.

  • For example , “In Spain, the Gitano community has contributed to the country’s music and dance.”
  • In a discussion about cultural assimilation , someone might say, “Many Gitano people face discrimination and challenges in integrating into society.”
  • Another might share , “I had the chance to experience Gitano music and dance during a trip to Spain.”

39. Zingaro

This is the Italian word for Gypsy. It is used to refer to the Romani people in Italy and other Italian-speaking regions.

  • For instance , “The Zingaro community in Italy has a rich cultural heritage.”
  • In a discussion about stereotypes , someone might say, “It’s important to challenge the negative stereotypes associated with Zingaro people.”
  • Another might argue , “Zingaro culture should be celebrated and respected for its contributions to Italian society.”

This is the Portuguese word for Gypsy. It is used to refer to the Romani people in Portugal and other Portuguese-speaking countries.

  • For example , “The Cigano community in Portugal has faced discrimination and marginalization.”
  • In a discussion about cultural preservation , someone might say, “We should support initiatives that aim to preserve Cigano traditions and language.”
  • Another might share , “I had the opportunity to learn about Cigano music and dance during my trip to Brazil.”

You may also like

Romani flag

Six English words borrowed from the Romany language

gypsy traveller words

Lecturer in Language and linguistics, Nottingham Trent University

Disclosure statement

Peter Lee does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Nottingham Trent University provides funding as a member of The Conversation UK.

View all partners

Gypsy, Roma and Traveller communities have been part of the UK’s regional populations for centuries. Roma communities are documented to have migrated to the UK during the early 15th century and evidence is found among a variety of official legal documentation and formal correspondence. As part of a wider community referred to as Gypsy Roma and Traveller, Roma have often faced hostility and inequality. It may be surprising then to hear that Romany, an unwritten language spoken by Roma communities is used in everyday English. Romany is a language spoken by communities who live largely across Europe.

The Romany language and culture have been associated with central and northern India and inherits a significant part of its linguistic heritage from Sanskrit alongside modern Indian languages such as Hindi, Urdu and Gujarati. In this sense, it is considered the only Indo Aryan-derived European language.

While there are large communities of Romany speakers across Europe and beyond, only a small number of people in the UK speak a fully grammatical version. Within the UK, the majority of speakers use what is referred to as Anglo-Romany. This is a language unique to the Anglo-Roma of the UK and with a historical and linguistic connection to Romany culture. You may be surprised by some of the words that have been incorrectly labelled as colloquial or slang in English, which are in fact words that have crossed over from Anglo-Romany.

Here are six such words including their meaning found in regional dialects in England with their Romany historical links explained.

This is a word considered slang according to many online dictionaries. However, this is actually an Anglo-Romany word used for “money”. The word derives from the European Romany word “ vangar ” and is a word used for “coal”, having a clear and historical association of value. There are a number of variations used across Anglo-Romany speaking communities for money and these range from “ vonga ” to “ luvna ”.

Loads of notes.

The word “chav” has been popularised as a slur in English to mean a person whose behaviour shows a lack of education or someone having a lower-class status . But the meaning of “chav” or “chavvi” in Anglo-Romany simply means “boy” or “girl” or even just “child”. “chavo” for boy, “chavi” for girl and “chave” meaning children.

This is another word that was brought into mainstream use and is often associated with the comedy character Del Boy in the popular British sitcom Only Fools and Horses. The word “cushty”, sometimes spelled “kushti” in Anglo-Romany is used as an affirmative adjective and means “good” or “fantastic”. The meaning of cushty originates from an older Romany word “ kuč ”, meaning expensive. Its use in English is most likely linked to dialect mixing of Anglo-Roma communities and east London cockney speakers.

4. Chingering

According to the online source the urban dictionary the word “ chingering ” means to caress another person’s chin in a sensual way. This is quite far removed from the meaning of the word chingering used amongst speakers of Anglo-Romany. This word is used to refer to quarrelling or to the act of insulting someone. The word again derives from the Romany words “ čhinger ” and “ čhingerel ” meaning to quarrel or shout.

This is perhaps the most well-used example of a Romany word found in everyday English, most typically meaning “friend” in English. This term actually originates from the Romany word “phral” meaning brother. The Anglo-Romany word pal is also used for brother and has been extended and again crossed over through dialect contact over the centuries into everyday English.

The English slang word “peeved” is sometimes used to refer to someone who has drunk too much alcohol and is again derived from a Romany word. The European Romany word “ pijav ” means “drink” and shows a direct connection with the English slang.

These are only a few examples and words such as “lollipop”, and “doylum” are also words from Anglo-Romany. There are many other words from Anglo-Romany that have been adopted into English, and most likely a regional dialect you know will have some fascinating examples.

  • Linguistics

gypsy traveller words

Donor Relations Manager

Member, human research ethics committee.

gypsy traveller words

Executive Editor

gypsy traveller words

General Manager | La Trobe University, Sydney Campus

gypsy traveller words

Lecturer / Senior Lecturer - Business Law & Taxation

You are here

Romany dictionary.

  • Log in to post comments

Search form

16 common English words that actually come from Romany Gypsy language

Would you know what a gavver is?

  • 05:30, 21 FEB 2021

gypsy traveller words

Ever called someone a gavver? Or maybe you've used the word scran?

These words may not be used much by people nowadays but actually are believed to have originally come from the Romany Gypsy language.

In fact, many of the words and phrases that are a common part of the English language actually have their roots from the Gypsy and Traveller community.

Figures from the 2011 census suggest there are more than 2,000 Gypsies and Travellers living in Hampshire. But it is thought this number is an underestimate, with a lot of people in the community not disclosing their ethnicity because of fear of prejudice.

Sadly, the community is often subject to unfair negative stereotypes and racism.

The daily news straight to your inbox

gypsy traveller words

If you want to stay in the know with all the latest news, reviews and features from HampshireLive then you can sign up to our daily newsletter email.

Each day we'll be sending you a selection of our top stories from across our county, as well as breaking news so you can be the first to know.

It couldn't be simpler and it takes seconds - simply press here OR here , enter your email address and follow the instructions.

Studies suggest as many as 44 per cent of British people openly admit negative attitudes against Gypsy, Roma and Traveller communities - more than for any other protected characteristic group.

However, just a glance at the English language shows the influence of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller culture.

Romany is an unwritten language thought to have originated in Northern India, particularly from the Hindi, Sanskrit and Punjabi languages.

There are very few people in the UK that speak it, and only 5 to 6 million in Europe and the USA. The largest concentrations of Roma people now live in Turkey, Spain and Romania, CornwallLive reports.

Here are some commonly-used words and phrases believed to have derived from the Romany language:

What we know as that delightful counter where you are served drinks, or the things that prevent you from leaving your prison cell, the word bar originally comes from the word ‘stone’ in Romany. But, it actually means a pound coin or a pound note when used.

An extremely popular term in the English language, the word chav is used to describe a lower-class youth - perhaps dressed in sportswear.

But the term actually comes from the Romany word ‘ chavi’, meaning child.

Cosh, a word used in English to describe a type of weapon (a heavy stick or a bar), actually derived from the Romany word ‘cosht’ which means ‘stick’.

One of many catchphrases popularised by Derek 'Del Boy' Trotter in Only Fools and Horses, the term cushty actually comes from Romany word ‘kushitipen’ or ‘kushti’ and literally means ‘very good’.

Dick was a word commonly used to refer to a detective or private investigator in the 19th century. ‘To dick’ would literally mean ‘to watch’ and comes from the Romany word ‘dik,’ which means to look and to see.

This common word used to insult people or point out a lack of intelligence comes from the Romany term ‘divvy’ which means mad.

Another word used to describe policeman or policewoman that comes from the Romany Gypsy word ‘garav’ which means hide.

We use the word gibberish to describe someone talking nonsense, but it is believed to have derived from the Romani word ‘jib’, meaning tongue as well as language.

The name for this sweet tooth favourite among Brits actually comes from Romany ‘loli phabai’ which means red apple. It was first a Roma tradition to sell candied apples on a stick.

Most often heard nowadays to describe someone as steaming drunk, the term Mullered actually comes from the Romany word ‘muller’ which means dead or killed.

The term used to describe a police informer comes from the Romany word ‘nāk’ which means nose.

Probably the best known English expression to come from the Romany language is pal. The term used to describe friends comes from Romany word ‘phral’ which means brother.

Commonly used in the North of England to describe food, the word scran is believed to have derived from the Romany word ‘satan’ which means to eat.

What we know as a container that can be found on building sites actually comes from Romany word ‘skip’, meaning basket.

Used to refer to clothing – more commonly swimming gear – togs is a Romany word meaning clothes.

The word wonga – most famously used by the former payday loan provider of the same name – actually comes from the Romany word ‘vonga’ meaning coal as well as money.

  • Hampshire County Council
  • Most Recent

gypsy traveller words

Words that you use everyday that came from the Romany Gypsy language

These Romany words and terms have made their way into the fabric of the English language

  • 05:00, 1 JAN 2024

gypsy traveller words

Our weekend morning emails feature the very best news and exclusive content from our team of reporters

We have more newsletters

From cushty to cosh, and gavver to gibberish, here are some common words in the English language that you probably didn’t know originated from Romany Gypsies. The Romany - sometimes spelt Romani - language is an unwritten language thought to have originated in northern India, particularly from the Hindi, Sanskrit and Punjabi languages.

There are very few people in the UK that speak it, and only 5 to 6 million in Europe and the USA. The largest concentrations of Roma people now live in Turkey, Spain and Romania, and in England they are commonly referred to as Gypsies. According to the 2011 census, 635 Gypsy, traveller and Irish traveller people were living in Cornwall.

However this is recognised by the Government as an under count as many are scared to disclose their ethnicity. Therefore it is suggested the figure is more likely around 3,000.

Read more: Behind the Cornish language revival and the people who speak Kernewek

Read more: More and more people in Cornwall learning Cornish as list of 20 key words and phrases released

Over the decades, common phrases and words used by travelling families in Britain have slowly cemented themselves into the workings of the English language and are often treated as slang or colloquialisms – but that’s not the case at all.

Here are some of the most commonly-used words and phrases derived from Gypsy language and their meanings.

What we know as that delightful counter where you are served drinks, or the things that prevent you from leaving your prison cell, the word bar originally comes from the word ‘stone’ in Romany. But, it actually means a pound coin or a pound note when used.

An extremely popular term in the English language, the word chav is used to describe a lower-class youth - perhaps dressed in sportswear.

But the term actually comes from the Romany word ‘ chavi’, meaning child.

Try CornwallLive Premium for FREE with no intrusive ads and brilliant new features

Cosh, a word used in English to describe a type of weapon (a heavy stick or a bar), actually derived from the Romany word ‘cosht’ which means ‘stick’.

One of many catchphrases popularised by Derek 'Del Boy' Trotter in Only Fools and Horses, the term cushty actually comes from Romany word ‘kushitipen’ or ‘kushti’ and literally means ‘very good’.

More Traveller and Gypsy stories from Cornwall

gypsy traveller words

Dick was a word commonly used to refer to a detective or private investigator in the 19th century. ‘To dick’ would literally mean ‘to watch’ and comes from the Romany word ‘dik,’ which means to look and to see.

This common word used to insult people or point out a lack of intelligence comes from the Romany term ‘divvy’ which means mad.

Another word used to describe policeman or policewoman that comes from the Romany Gypsy word ‘garav’ which means hide.

We use the word gibberish to describe someone talking nonsense, but it is believed to have derived from the Romani word ‘jib’, meaning tongue as well as language.

Want to read more stories about people?

Follow our People of Cornwall Facebook group for more human interest stories from Cornwall.

This group is a safe space dedicated solely to the stories that have PEOPLE at the heart of them.

We celebrate achievements and bravery from our unsung heroes, raise awareness around important topics and educate others, give a voice to victims and we also do it for the people who would just like a glimpse of ‘how the other half’ live as they say.

To join click here.

Cornwall.jpg

The name for this sweet tooth favourite among Brits actually comes from Romany ‘loli phabai’ which means red apple. It was first a Roma tradition to sell candied apples on a stick.

Most often heard nowadays to describe someone as steaming drunk, the term Mullered actually comes from the Romany word ‘muller’ which means dead or killed.

The term used to describe a police informer comes from the Romany word ‘nāk’ which means nose.

gypsy traveller words

Probably the best known English expression to come from the Romany language is pal. The term used to describe friends comes from Romany word ‘phral’ which means brother.

Commonly used in the North of England to describe food, the word scran is believed to have derived from the Romany word ‘satan’ which means to eat.

What we know as a container that can be found on building sites actually comes from Romany word ‘skip’, meaning basket.

Used to refer to clothing – more commonly swimming gear – togs is a Romany word meaning clothes.

The word wonga – most famously used by the former payday loan provider of the same name – actually comes from the Romany word ‘vonga’ meaning coal as well as money.

Get the best stories about the things you love most curated by us and delivered to your inbox every day. Choose what you love here

Article was first published in 2022

  • Most Recent

gypsy traveller words

gypsy traveller words

Gypsy Roma and Traveller History and Culture

Gypsy Roma and Traveller people belong to minority ethnic groups that have contributed to British society for centuries. Their distinctive way of life and traditions manifest themselves in nomadism, the centrality of their extended family, unique languages and entrepreneurial economy. It is reported that there are around 300,000 Travellers in the UK and they are one of the most disadvantaged groups. The real population may be different as some members of these communities do not participate in the census .

The Traveller Movement works predominantly with ethnic Gypsy, Roma, and Irish Traveller Communities.

Irish Travellers and Romany Gypsies

Irish Travellers

Traditionally, Irish Travellers are a nomadic group of people from Ireland but have a separate identity, heritage and culture to the community in general. An Irish Traveller presence can be traced back to 12th century Ireland, with migrations to Great Britain in the early 19th century. The Irish Traveller community is categorised as an ethnic minority group under the Race Relations Act, 1976 (amended 2000); the Human Rights Act 1998; and the Equality Act 2010. Some Travellers of Irish heritage identify as Pavee or Minceir, which are words from the Irish Traveller language, Shelta.

Romany Gypsies

Romany Gypsies have been in Britain since at least 1515 after migrating from continental Europe during the Roma migration from India. The term Gypsy comes from “Egyptian” which is what the settled population perceived them to be because of their dark complexion. In reality, linguistic analysis of the Romani language proves that Romany Gypsies, like the European Roma, originally came from Northern India, probably around the 12th century. French Manush Gypsies have a similar origin and culture to Romany Gypsies.

There are other groups of Travellers who may travel through Britain, such as Scottish Travellers, Welsh Travellers and English Travellers, many of whom can trace a nomadic heritage back for many generations and who may have married into or outside of more traditional Irish Traveller and Romany Gypsy families. There were already indigenous nomadic people in Britain when the Romany Gypsies first arrived hundreds of years ago and the different cultures/ethnicities have to some extent merged.

Number of Gypsies and Travellers in Britain

This year, the 2021 Census included a “Roma” category for the first time, following in the footsteps of the 2011 Census which included a “Gypsy and Irish Traveller” category. The 2021 Census statistics have not yet been released but the 2011 Census put the combined Gypsy and Irish Traveller population in England and Wales as 57,680. This was recognised by many as an underestimate for various reasons. For instance, it varies greatly with data collected locally such as from the Gypsy Traveller Accommodation Needs Assessments, which total the Traveller population at just over 120,000, according to our research.

Other academic estimates of the combined Gypsy, Irish Traveller and other Traveller population range from 120,000 to 300,000. Ethnic monitoring data of the Gypsy Traveller population is rarely collected by key service providers in health, employment, planning and criminal justice.

Where Gypsies and Travellers Live

Although most Gypsies and Travellers see travelling as part of their identity, they can choose to live in different ways including:

  • moving regularly around the country from site to site and being ‘on the road’
  • living permanently in caravans or mobile homes, on sites provided by the council, or on private sites
  • living in settled accommodation during winter or school term-time, travelling during the summer months
  • living in ‘bricks and mortar’ housing, settled together, but still retaining a strong commitment to Gypsy/Traveller culture and traditions

Currently, their nomadic life is being threatened by the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill, that is currently being deliberated in Parliament, To find out more or get involved with opposing this bill, please visit here

Although Travellers speak English in most situations, they often speak to each other in their own language; for Irish Travellers this is called Cant or Gammon* and Gypsies speak Romani, which is the only indigenous language in the UK with Indic roots.

*Sometimes referred to as “Shelta” by linguists and academics

gypsy traveller words

New Travellers and Show People

There are also Traveller groups which are known as ‘cultural’ rather than ‘ethnic’ Travellers. These include ‘new’ Travellers and Showmen. Most of the information on this page relates to ethnic Travellers but ‘Showmen’ do share many cultural traits with ethnic Travellers.

Show People are a cultural minority that have owned and operated funfairs and circuses for many generations and their identity is connected to their family businesses. They operate rides and attractions that can be seen throughout the summer months at funfairs. They generally have winter quarters where the family settles to repair the machinery that they operate and prepare for the next travelling season. Most Show People belong to the Showmen’s Guild which is an organisation that provides economic and social regulation and advocacy for Show People. The Showman’s Guild works with both central and local governments to protect the economic interests of its members.

The term New Travellers refers to people sometimes referred to as “New Age Travellers”. They are generally people who have taken to life ‘on the road’ in their own lifetime, though some New Traveller families claim to have been on the road for three consecutive generations. The New Traveller culture grew out of the hippie and free-festival movements of the 1960s and 1970s.

Barge Travellers are similar to New Travellers but live on the UK’s 2,200 miles of canals. They form a distinct group in the canal network and many are former ‘new’ Travellers who moved onto the canals after changes to the law made the free festival circuit and a life on the road almost untenable. Many New Travellers have also settled into private sites or rural communes although a few groups are still travelling.

If you are a new age Traveller and require support please contact Friends, Families, and Travellers (FFT) .

Differences and Values

Differences Between Gypsies, Travellers, and Roma

Gypsies, Roma and Travellers are often categorised together under the “Roma” definition in Europe and under the acronym “GRT” in Britain. These communities and other nomadic groups, such as Scottish and English Travellers, Show People and New Travellers, share a number of characteristics in common: the importance of family and/or community networks; the nomadic way of life, a tendency toward self-employment, experience of disadvantage and having the poorest health outcomes in the United Kingdom.

The Roma communities also originated from India from around the 10th/ 12th centuries and have historically faced persecution, including slavery and genocide. They are still marginalised and ghettoised in many Eastern European countries (Greece, Bulgaria, Romania etc) where they are often the largest and most visible ethnic minority group, sometimes making up 10% of the total population. However, ‘Roma’ is a political term and a self-identification of many Roma activists. In reality, European Roma populations are made up of various subgroups, some with their own form of Romani, who often identify as that group rather than by the all-encompassing Roma identity.

Travellers and Roma each have very different customs, religion, language and heritage. For instance, Gypsies are said to have originated in India and the Romani language (also spoken by Roma) is considered to consist of at least seven varieties, each a language in their own right.

Values and Culture of GRT Communities

Family, extended family bonds and networks are very important to the Gypsy and Traveller way of life, as is a distinct identity from the settled ‘Gorja’ or ‘country’ population. Family anniversaries, births, weddings and funerals are usually marked by extended family or community gatherings with strong religious ceremonial content. Gypsies and Travellers generally marry young and respect their older generation. Contrary to frequent media depiction, Traveller communities value cleanliness and tidiness.

Many Irish Travellers are practising Catholics, while some Gypsies and Travellers are part of a growing Christian Evangelical movement.

Gypsy and Traveller culture has always adapted to survive and continues to do so today. Rapid economic change, recession and the gradual dismantling of the ‘grey’ economy have driven many Gypsy and Traveller families into hard times. The criminalisation of ‘travelling’ and the dire shortage of authorised private or council sites have added to this. Some Travellers describe the effect that this is having as “a crisis in the community” . A study in Ireland put the suicide rate of Irish Traveller men as 3-5 times higher than the wider population. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the same phenomenon is happening amongst Traveller communities in the UK.

Gypsies and Travellers are also adapting to new ways, as they have always done. Most of the younger generation and some of the older generation use social network platforms to stay in touch and there is a growing recognition that reading and writing are useful tools to have. Many Gypsies and Travellers utilise their often remarkable array of skills and trades as part of the formal economy. Some Gypsies and Travellers, many supported by their families, are entering further and higher education and becoming solicitors, teachers, accountants, journalists and other professionals.

There have always been successful Gypsy and Traveller businesses, some of which are household names within their sectors, although the ethnicity of the owners is often concealed. Gypsies and Travellers have always been represented in the fields of sport and entertainment.

How Gypsies and Travellers Are Disadvantaged

The Traveller, Gypsy, and Roma communities are widely considered to be among the most socially excluded communities in the UK. They have a much lower life expectancy than the general population, with Traveller men and women living 10-12 years less than the wider population.

Travellers have higher rates of infant mortality, maternal death and stillbirths than the general population. They experience racist sentiment in the media and elsewhere, which would be socially unacceptable if directed at any other minority community. Ofsted consider young Travellers to be one of the groups most at risk of low attainment in education.

Government services rarely include Traveller views in the planning and delivery of services.

In recent years, there has been increased political networking between the Gypsy, Roma and Traveller activists and campaign organisations.

Watch this video by Travellers Times made for Gypsy Roma Traveller History Month 2021:

gypsy traveller words

Information and Support

We have a variety of helpful guides to provide you with the support you need

gypsy traveller words

Community Corner

Read all about our news, events, and the upcoming music and artists in your area

Logo for Surrey Heritage

Tracing Gypsy Romany and Traveller Ancestors at Surrey History Centre

Fortune telling on Hamstead Heath

Historical and cultural definitions

Gypsies are thought to have arrived in Britain from the northern Indian sub-continent around 1500. The Romany language has its roots in Hindi but suggests a migration via the Middle East into South Eastern Europe. The first reference to Gypsies in England occurs in 1514 and as it was believed they came from Egypt they were first called 'Egyptians'. Roma Gypsies came to England from Eastern Europe just prior to the First World War and again after tensions in the 1930s. From 1956 Hungarian Gypsies have come to England.

Terminology

Identifying historical records is particularly difficult because of the different words used to refer to the Travelling community and to describe their lifestyle. Even today, family history publications use Romany and Gypsy interchangeably. Spellings may also vary in historical records including many variant spellings of Gypsy, such as Gipsy, Gipsie and so on. Welsh Gypsies share the same heritage as English Gypsies, but Scottish and Irish Gypsies and Irish Travellers are all distinct ethnic groups; the latter are often referred to in parish registers as 'Pavees' or 'Minceir'. Historically you may find any of the following terms used: Traveller, vagrant, stroller, tramp/tramper, bargee, sojourner (temporary resident), of no fixed abode, living in tent, van dweller, show, fair and circus people. The words Roma, Romany and Romani, Sinti, Kalderash and Gitano may also be used.

Persecution

A quick glance at the legislation and punishments in England for being termed a Gypsy will show you why researching travelling ancestors can be difficult. The Egyptians Act of 1530 aimed at ridding the country of them, and further acts up until the early eighteenth century enforced banishment, transportation, fines, servitude or death. Not surprisingly, many wished to keep a low profile and as time went on this encouraged a culture of secrecy which is reflected in the lack of surviving records. Ceremonies such as weddings often remained strictly family affairs. Difficult relations between communities and the stigma of Gypsy ancestry can also make research a challenge.

Tips from the experts

The Romany and Traveller Family History Society (RTFHS) are the experts in this area of genealogy and they suggest the following starting points:

  • Talk to older relatives for clues and family stories.
  • Old family photos can help to identify Gypsy heritage. Photographs taken at gatherings such as hop picking or fairs might be a sign, although these were often annual events which brought together families from many backgrounds, not just Gypsies and Travellers.
  • Oral traditions are strong within the community and although often mixed with English, the Romany language is still in use in the UK; listen closely when older family members speak, joke or quarrel.
  • Use online genealogy indexes with caution. Transcription errors with travelling names are rife and many indexes are incomplete.

The Romany and Traveller Family History Society journal Romany Routes, includes information about British Traveller families and sources for research; Surrey History Centre holds a good collection of these journals. The Romany and Traveller Family History Society website is crammed with useful advice and information.

Ceremonies were often carried out when families were together for picking, so when using parish records you may also want to find out when and where certain crops were grown. Group baptisms often occur simply because families all happened to be together whilst in the vicinity of a parish church. By the eighteenth century, a third of all Gypsies in every generation 'married out' of their race, so with this in mind, the normal methods of family history research also apply.

Showmen and Fairground Folk

Guildford Fair 1939

Occupations

Historically, ancestors with itinerant occupations may be recorded as hawkers or pedlars but not all were Gypsies. The same applies to the many agricultural labourers living in tents listed in the Surrey census returns. The Romany and Traveller Family History Society website contains a list of trades and occupations traditionally associated with travelling ancestors, including horse dealers, basket makers, beehive makers, knife grinders, tinkers, peg makers, blacksmiths and entertainers. From the 1780s, as anti-Gypsy legislation was gradually repealed, Gypsies became a useful source of cheap labour in the fields; some also worked as blacksmiths and entertainers. In the nineteenth century, following the mechanisation of farming, travelling life changed drastically. With the decrease in picking work, families had to adapt and many Gypsies moved from rural areas to cities and towns to become settled. In the late nineteenth century numerous Gypsy families travelled to America. In the twentieth century, with the onset of motorisation, traditional travelling patterns changed, and routes travelled by families for hundreds of years were lost. In more recent times Traveller men have provided vital labour for building roads and motorways.

What's in a name?

The RTFHS website includes lists of surnames that frequently occur in the Gypsy and Traveller community. Gypsy surnames which occur in Surrey include Cooper, Matthews, Ayres, Smith, Green, Taylor, Williams, Brazil, Shepherd, Beaney, Chapman and Scott among others. The Gypsy Lore Society Collections at Liverpool University may be able to help with researching well-known surnames. Robert Dawson, Gypsy expert, holds a list of nearly every Gypsy surname in the country.

Exotic, mythical or Biblical names such as Sampson, Nelson, Liberty, Britannia or Cinderella were popular and can be a sign of Gypsy ancestry. For Gypsy adoptions and children taken into care, Robert Dawson suggests it is best to contact your local Social Services department.

Although Gypsies and Travellers cannot be distinguished by their religion, there have been periods in which evangelical movements have had strong followings in these communities. Some more remote churches constructed in the nineteenth century may have specifically served the Gypsy community, such as St. Michael's Mission Hall on Epsom Common. More recently, the chapel at Salvation Place, Leatherhead, was purpose-built to serve the Traveller community.

Gypsies and Travellers in housing

It is important to remember that many travelling families have been settled for generations. Some families chose to go into housing, others were forced to do so by economic or social circumstances. Traditionally, most Gypsies lived in tents, although travelling vans became popular in the mid-nineteenth century.

Surrey places with strong links to the Travelling community

Gypsies at the Epsom Derby 1888

  • Areas of Surrey's heathland and around bridges, rivers and estates may prove worthwhile for tracking down travelling ancestors; some regularly pitched tents by Walton and Chertsey bridges.
  • Gypsies and Travellers may have passed through Surrey into other counties, so it is worth checking the collections of neighbouring county record offices.
  • Check when events associated with the Travelling community were held, such as race meetings and horse fairs, which would have attracted Travelling families countrywide as a place of meeting and dealing. The Epsom Derby occurs in June and is a traditional annual gathering point for Gypsies from Surrey and beyond and the census returns regularly record Gypsy families camping on the Epsom Downs.
  • Opportunities for seasonal work around the country led people to spend winter in one place, start early farm work shortly after Easter (e.g daffodil picking in the West Country), then join harvest teams between June and October. The summer months also traditionally provided work opportunities in coastal resorts.

Roads to Your Past Project

This Surrey Heritage project aimed to encourage greater access to Surrey's museums, libraries and archives for the region's large Gypsy and Traveller population. Details of the report are available on our Roads to Your Past webpage . If you have material relating to Gypsies and Travellers in Surrey we would be delighted to hear from you.

  • Gypsy Romany and Traveller sources held at Surrey History Centre

Please see Gypsy Romany and Traveller sources held at Surrey History Centre .

Useful online resources

There are dozens of genealogy websites and online sources but some of the most useful for travelling ancestors are listed below:

  • Romany and Traveller Family History Society
  • The Gypsy Genealogy website supplements the R&TFHS publications and contains many useful research tips.
  • The community magazine Travellers' Times contains both current and historical information about the Travelling community. The Traveller-led Friends, Families & Travellers works to celebrate Gypsy, Roma and Travellers' rich history, culture and contributions to society and share this with the wider public.
  • Surrey Gypsy Traveller Communities Forum raises awareness of local GRT community life and culture and helps give the community a voice. The Forum has placed its records with Surrey History Centre and offers related cultural, equalities and diversity training. This video produced for the 'Roma Routes' project focuses on how the community connects with its heritage and features the late Ann Wilson, of Salvation Place, Leatherhead, who was a key member of Surrey's Gypsy community.

Major Gypsy Traveller collections or heritage held elsewhere

  • Gypsy Lore Society Collections Head of Special Collections and Archives Sydney Jones Library, The University of Liverpool, PO Box 123, Liverpool L69 3DA Tel: 0151 794 2696
  • National Fairground and Circus Archive National Fairground Archive, Western Bank Library, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN Tel: 01142 227231
  • Gordon Boswell Romany Museum, Clay Lake, Spalding, Lincolnshire, PE12 6BL Tel: 01775 710599
  • The Robert Dawson Romany Collection The Museum of English Rural Life , University of Reading, Redlands Road, Reading, Berkshire, RG1 5EX Tel: 0118 378 8660
  • The South East Romany Museum (open by appointment only) Howland Road, Marden, Kent TN12 9DH Tel: 01622 831681B
  • The Brotherton Library Romany Collection The Romany Collection, Special Collections, The Brotherton Library, Leeds University Library, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT

Fortune telling on Hampstead Heath (Surrey History Centre reference 6790/5/7/F541)

Guildford Fair, 1939 (Surrey History Centre reference 6790/4/2/F629)

Gypsies at the Epsom Derby, 1888 (Surrey History Centre reference 6139/1 )

In this section

  • Reviewed: 26 Jan 2024
  • Send to a friend

Subscribe to our newsletters for latest news and events.

Sign up to our monthly newsletter

Surrey Matters

For news, features, and events in Surrey, please sign up to receive our newsletter, which will be delivered to your inbox at the start of each month.

Please refer to our privacy notice (opens in new tab) to find out how we store, use and collect your data.

Open the sign-up form in a new tab

I've already subscribed .

UK Edition Change

  • UK Politics
  • News Videos
  • Paris 2024 Olympics
  • Rugby Union
  • Sport Videos
  • John Rentoul
  • Mary Dejevsky
  • Andrew Grice
  • Sean O’Grady
  • Photography
  • Theatre & Dance
  • Culture Videos
  • Food & Drink
  • Health & Families
  • Royal Family
  • Electric Vehicles
  • Lifestyle Videos
  • UK Hotel Reviews
  • News & Advice
  • Simon Calder
  • Australia & New Zealand
  • South America
  • C. America & Caribbean
  • Middle East
  • Politics Explained
  • News Analysis
  • Today’s Edition
  • Home & Garden
  • Fashion & Beauty
  • Travel & Outdoors
  • Sports & Fitness
  • Sustainable Living
  • Climate Videos
  • Behind The Headlines
  • On The Ground
  • Decomplicated
  • You Ask The Questions
  • Binge Watch
  • Travel Smart
  • Watch on your TV
  • Crosswords & Puzzles
  • Most Commented
  • Newsletters
  • Ask Me Anything
  • Virtual Events
  • Betting Sites
  • Online Casinos
  • Wine Offers

Thank you for registering

Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged in Please refresh your browser to be logged in

Six English words borrowed from the Romani language

The romani dialect and culture have been associated with central and northern india and they inherit a significant part of their linguistic heritage from sanskrit, writes peter lee, article bookmarked.

Find your bookmarks in your Independent Premium section, under my profile

Romani communities (whose flag is shown here) have been in the UK since the 15th century

Lifestyle Edit

Stay ahead of the trend in fashion and beyond with our free weekly Lifestyle Edit newsletter

Thanks for signing up to the lifestyle edit email.

G ypsy, Roma and Traveller communities have been part of the UK’s regional populations for centuries. Roma communities are documented to have migrated to the UK during the early 15th century and evidence is found among a variety of official legal documentation and formal correspondence. As part of a wider community referred to as Gypsy Roma and Traveller, Roma have often faced hostility and inequality. It may be surprising then to hear that Romani, an unwritten language spoken by Roma communities is used in everyday English. Romani is a language spoken by communities who live largely across Europe.

The Romani language and culture have been associated with central and northern India and inherit a significant part of their linguistic heritage from Sanskrit alongside modern Indian languages such as Hindi, Urdu and Gujarati. In this sense, it is considered the only Indo Aryan-derived European language.

Recommended

  • ‘Tickna mora o’beng’: Peaky Blinders creator Steven Knight explains meaning of Ruby’s Romani premonition

While there are large communities of Romani speakers across Europe and beyond, only a small number of people in the UK speak a fully grammatical version. Within the UK, the majority of speakers use what is referred to as Anglo-Romani. This is a language unique to the Anglo-Roma of the UK and with a historical and linguistic connection to Romani culture. You may be surprised by some of the words that have been incorrectly labelled as colloquial or slang in English, which are in fact words that have crossed over from Anglo-Romani.

Here are six such words including their meaning found in regional dialects in England with their Romani historical links explained.

This is a word considered slang according to many online dictionaries. However, this is actually an Anglo-Romani word used for “money”. The word derives from the European Romani word “ vangar ” and is a word used for “coal”, having a clear and historical association of value. There are a number of variations used across Anglo-Romani speaking communities for money and these range from “ vonga ” to “ luvna ”.

The word “chav” has been popularised as a slur in English to mean a person whose behaviour shows a lack of education or someone having a lower-class status . But the meaning of “chav” or “chavvi” in Anglo-Romani simply means “boy” or “girl” or even just “child”. “chavo” for boy, “chavi” for girl and “chave” meaning children.

This is another word that was brought into mainstream use and is often associated with the comedy character Del Boy in the popular British sitcom Only Fools and Horses . The word “cushty”, sometimes spelled “kushti” in Anglo-Romani is used as an affirmative adjective and means “good” or “fantastic”. The meaning of cushty originates from an older Romani word “ kuč ”, meaning expensive. Its use in English is most likely linked to dialect mixing of Anglo-Roma communities and east London cockney speakers.

4. Chingering

According to the online source the urban dictionary, the word “ chingering ” means to caress another person’s chin in a sensual way. This is quite far removed from the meaning of the word chingering used amongst speakers of Anglo-Romani. This word is used to refer to quarrelling or to the act of insulting someone. The word again derives from the Romani words “ čhinger ” and “ čhingerel ” meaning to quarrel or shout.

This is perhaps the most well-used example of a Romani word found in everyday English, most typically meaning “friend” in English. This term actually originates from the Romani word “phral” meaning brother. The Anglo-Romani word pal is also used for brother and has been extended and again crossed over through dialect contact over the centuries into everyday English.

The English slang word “peeved” is sometimes used to refer to someone who has drunk too much alcohol and is again derived from a Romani word. The European Romani word “ pijav ” means “drink” and shows a direct connection with the English slang.

These are only a few examples and words such as “lollipop”, and “doylum” are also words from Anglo-Romani. There are many other words from Anglo-Romani that have been adopted into English, and most likely a regional dialect you know will have some fascinating examples.

Peter Lee is a lecturer in language and linguistics at Nottingham Trent University. This article first appeared on The Conversation .

Join our commenting forum

Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies

Subscribe to Independent Premium to bookmark this article

Want to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? Start your Independent Premium subscription today.

New to The Independent?

Or if you would prefer:

Want an ad-free experience?

Hi {{indy.fullName}}

  • My Independent Premium
  • Account details
  • Help centre

gypsy traveller words

Gypsy and Traveler Culture in America

Gypsy and Traveler Culture, History and Genealogy in America

Are you a Gypsy, Traveler or Roader, or have some ancestry in any one of such groups? This site is dedicated to you; to help you become more aware of your own rich heritage, to help preserve your traditions, language and knowledge of where you came from and who you are.

The identities of Traveling People are everywhere threatened by the flood of misinformation that is being disseminated on the web and through the popular media. This site pledges to correct such misinformation and to present an accurate and unbiased view of traveling life as it has unfolded since the your ancestors first set foot in the New World.

Preservation of your ethnic heritage and pride in your own ethnic identity are some of the most valuable assets that any parents can leave to their children and grandchildren. To be of Gypsy or Traveler background is something special, something to be treasured along with the language, customs, and cultural values embodied in a unique way of life.

If you want to learn more about your family and your ethnic group, whether you be of Cale, Hungarian-Slovak, Ludar, Rom, Romnichel or Sinti Gypsy or American (Roader), English, German, Irish or Scotch Traveler background we will provide you with an interactive forum for asking questions, finding lost relatives, guidance to accurate sources, exchanging information as well as just keeping in touch with your own kind.

To get started just send a note to ASK MATT specifying what kind of Gypsy you are and in which family background you are interested.

The foundation on which this site is built is a rich storehouse of data of every imaginable kind: documentary sources, oral histories and observations of traveling life collected in over 35 years of unpaid research by Matt and Sheila Salo. The Salos have dedicated their lives to providing a true history of traveling life in America and to dispelling the myths that are currently being spread on the web and other media.

This endeavor is based on the premise that every kind of Gypsy and Traveler has a right to his or her own identity, whatever it might be. Each of you has a unique heritage that your ancestors nurtured over centuries of hardship and persecution. Now those rich and unique identities are in danger of being lost as more and more people lose the sense of who they are; customs, language and traditional life patterns are not being passed on; some people are even becoming ashamed of their Gypsy or Traveler identities.

Again, email any specific inquiries into American Gypsy or Traveler history, culture and genealogy to Matt T. Salo at ASK MATT .

Forthcoming: This history and culture page under preparation will be divided into subject areas that you can access separately depending on your interests. If you seek information sources, have specific questions, or want to broaden your horizons by learning about other groups, we will provide the best, most accurate information available. You will not be fed speculations about Melungeons, hordes of Gypsies in Colonial America, or Gypsies and Travelers as hapless victims or criminal castes - instead all our information will be based on actual verified data that truly represents the experience of your people in America since your ancestors first arrived here.

Culture and language are not easily lost and, unless you are among those few unfortunate individuals whose parents or grandparents misguidedly tried to separate themselves and their families from their roots, you should easily be able to pick up traits of language and culture that indicate your origins. We will begin with a brief overview of the different groups to orient those among you who are not quite sure of where they belong. More detailed descriptions will follow.

Gypsy and Traveler Groups in the United States

Cale: Spanish Gypsies, or Gitanos, are found primarily in the metropolitan centers of the East and West coasts. A small community of only a few families.

English Travelers: Fairly amorphous group, possibly formed along same lines as Roaders (see below), but taking shape already in England before their emigration to the US starting in early 1880s. Associate mainly with Romnichels. Boundaries and numbers uncertain.

Hungarian-Slovak: Mainly sedentary Gypsies found primarily in the industrial cities of northern U.S. Number in few thousands. Noted for playing "Gypsy music" in cafes, night clubs and restaurants.

Irish Travelers: Peripatetic group that is ethnically Irish and does not identify itself as "Gypsy," although sometimes called "Irish Gypsies." Widely scattered, but somewhat concentrated in the southern states. Estimates vary but about 10,000 should be close to the actual numbers.

Ludar: Gypsies from the Banat area, also called Rumanian Gypsies. Arrived after 1880. Have about the same number of families as the Rom, but actual numbers are unknown.

Roaders or Roadies: Native born Americans who have led a traveling life similar to that of the Gypsies and Travelers, but who were not originally descended from those groups. Numbers unknown as not all families studied.

Rom: Gypsies of East European origin who arrived after 1880. Mostly urban, they are scattered across the entire country. One of the larger groups in the US, possibly in the 55-60,000 range.

Romnichels: English Gypsies who arrived beginning in 1850. Scattered across the entire country, but tend to be somewhat more rural than the other Gypsy groups. Many families are now on their way to being assimilated, hence estimation of numbers depends on criteria used.

Scottish Travelers: Ethnically Scottish, but separated for centuries from mainstream society in Scotland where they were known as Tinkers. Some came to Canada after 1850 and to the United States in appreciable numbers after 1880. Over 100 distinct clans have been identified but total numbers not known.

Sinti: Little studied early group of German Gypsies in the United States consisting of few families heavily assimilated with both non-Gypsy and Romnichel populations. No figures are available.

Yenisch: Mostly assimilated group of ethnic Germans, misidentified as Gypsies, who formed an occupational caste of basket makers and founded an entire community in Pennsylvania after their immigration starting 1840. Because of assimilation current numbers are impossible to determine.

This inventory leaves out several Gypsy groups that have immigrated since 1970 due to the unrest and renewed persecution in Eastern Europe after the collapse of Communism. They have come from Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, the former Yugoslavian area, and possibly other countries. They number in few thousands by now, but their numbers are likely to increase.

Copyright @ 2002 Matt T. Salo

16 words you use everyday that actually come from the Romany Gypsy language

Words like 'lollipop', 'bar', 'chav' and 'wonga' are among them

  • 08:00, 26 JUL 2020

gypsy traveller words

Never miss Somerset's latest and breaking news again by signing up to our Daily Newsletter

We have more newsletters

You may not realise it, but a number of pretty common words in the English language have actually originated from Romany Gypsies.

The Romany language, also known as Romani, is an unwritten language believed to have originated in Northern India, Cornwall Live reports , particularly from the Hindi, Sanskrit and Punjabi languages.

Very few people in the UK can speak the language, with only between 5 to 6 million in Europe and USA able to do so.

Nowadays, Roma people reside in Turkey, Spain and Romania, while in England they are commonly referred to as Gypsies.

Looking for today's top stories in one place? Sign up for our newsletter here .

Many are scared to fully disclose their ethnicity, so a definitive number of Romany Gypsies in the UK is unknown, but it's expected to be in the thousands.

So it's no wonder that over the years common words and phrases used by travelling families in Britain have become a part of the English language, though some are often mistaken as slang or colloquialisms.

Here are some of the most commonly used words and phrases which have derived from Gypsy language, as well as the meanings behind them...

What we know as that delightful counter where you are served drinks, or the things that prevent you from leaving your prison cell, the word bar originally comes from the word ‘stone’ in Romany. But, it actually means a pound coin or a pound note when used.

An extremely popular term in the English language, the word chav is used to describe a lower-class youth - perhaps dressed in sportswear.

But the term actually comes from the Romany word ‘ chavi’,   meaning child.

Cosh, a word used in English to describe a type of weapon (a heavy stick or a bar), actually derived from the Romany word ‘cosht’ which means ‘stick’.

One of many catchphrases popularised by Derek 'Del Boy' Trotter in Only Fools and Horses, the term cushty actually comes from Romany word ‘kushitipen’ or ‘kushti’ and literally means ‘very good’.

Dick was a word commonly used to refer to a detective or private investigator in the 19th century. ‘To dick’ would literally mean ‘to watch’ and comes from the Romany word ‘dik,’ which means to look and to see.

This common word used to insult people or point out a lack of intelligence comes from the Romany term ‘divvy’ which means mad.

Another word used to describe policeman or policewoman that comes from the Romany Gypsy word ‘garav’ which means hide.

8. Gibberish

We use the word gibberish to describe someone talking nonsense, but it is believed to have derived from the Romani word ‘jib’, meaning tongue as well as language.

9. Lollipop

The name for this sweet tooth favourite among Brits actually comes from Romany ‘loli phabai’ which means red apple. It was first a Roma tradition to sell candied apples on a stick.

10. Mullered

Most often heard nowadays to describe someone as steaming drunk, the term Mullered actually comes from the Romany word ‘muller’ which means dead or killed.

The term used to describe a police informer comes from the Romany word  ‘nāk’ which means nose.

Probably the best known English expression to come from the Romany language is pal. The term used to describe friends comes from Romany word ‘phral’ which means brother.

Commonly used in the North of England to describe food, the word scran is believed to have derived from the Romany word ‘satan’ which means to eat.

What we know as a container that can be found on building sites actually comes from Romany word ‘skip’, meaning basket.

Used to refer to clothing – more commonly swimming gear – togs is a Romany word meaning clothes.

The word wonga – most famously used by the former payday loan provider of the same name – actually comes from the Romany word ‘vonga’ meaning coal as well as money.

  • In the News
  • Most Recent

gypsy traveller words

Synonyms of gypsy

  • as in traveller
  • as in to vagabond
  • More from M-W
  • To save this word, you'll need to log in. Log In

Thesaurus Definition of gypsy

 (Entry 1 of 2)

Synonyms & Similar Words

  • bird of passage

Antonyms & Near Antonyms

Thesaurus Definition of gypsy  (Entry 2 of 2)

  • mill (about or around)
  • knock (about)
  • gad (about)
  • kick around

Thesaurus Entries Near gypsy

Cite this entry.

“Gypsy.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/gypsy. Accessed 3 Mar. 2024.

More from Merriam-Webster on gypsy

Nglish: Translation of gypsy for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of gypsy for Arabic Speakers

Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free!

Play Quordle: Guess all four words in a limited number of tries.  Each of your guesses must be a real 5-letter word.

Can you solve 4 words at once?

Word of the day.

See Definitions and Examples »

Get Word of the Day daily email!

Popular in Grammar & Usage

8 grammar terms you used to know, but forgot, homophones, homographs, and homonyms, commonly misspelled words, a guide to em dashes, en dashes, and hyphens, absent letters that are heard anyway, popular in wordplay, the words of the week - mar. 1, 'blue moon,' 'wolf moon,' and other moons to look for throughout the year, 9 superb owl words, 'gaslighting,' 'woke,' 'democracy,' and other top lookups, 10 words for lesser-known games and sports, games & quizzes.

Play Blossom: Solve today's spelling word game by finding as many words as you can using just 7 letters. Longer words score more points.

  • Middle East
  • Global development

gypsy traveller words

The Guardian view on celebrating working-class memory: a way of looking to the future

gypsy traveller words

‘Hidden stories’: Historic England funds 56 projects on working-class heritage

  • Class issues

IMAGES

  1. Gypsy In My Soul Beautiful Eyes, Beautiful Words, Gorgeous, Gypsy

    gypsy traveller words

  2. ☮ * ° ♥ ˚ℒℴѵℯ cjf Words Quotes, Wise Words, Me Quotes, Words Of Wisdom

    gypsy traveller words

  3. Pin on Gypsy soul

    gypsy traveller words

  4. Pinterest

    gypsy traveller words

  5. Pin on Wonderful Words

    gypsy traveller words

  6. How To Learn Romanian Gypsy Language

    gypsy traveller words

VIDEO

  1. Born a Gypsy

  2. Gypsies, Roma, Travellers: An Animated History

  3. GYPSY TRAVELLER: EPIC BARE KNUCKLE ( Part 1 )

  4. Irish Travelers open up about lifestyle, parenting, and fear of D.S.S. taking children

  5. GYPSY TRAVELLER BEEFS WITH UK HARDEST BOUNCER !!!!

  6. GYPSY TRAVELLER GOES BARE KNUCKLE ON AMERICAN FOOTBALL STARS !!!!

COMMENTS

  1. Glossary of Romani Terms

    Gypsy, Roma and Traveller History Month 2023; Gypsies and Travellers in Sussex; Irish Cant or De Gammon; Scottish Cant or Scots Romani; Romani dialects; News; Main Menu. Glossary of Romani Terms. These are the definitions of some of the Romani words used during the interviews.

  2. Languages and glossary

    Languages and glossary. The language used by Gypsies, Roma and Travellers are vast and varied dialects across the different communities and around the world. In this section, you will learn about language used by Romany Gypsies, Irish Travellers, Welsh Gypsies, Scottish Gypsy Travellers and by international Roma communities. Thank you to Dr ...

  3. Top 40 Slang For Gypsies

    4. Gypo. This slang term is a derogatory and offensive way to refer to a Gypsy or Traveller. For instance, "Using the term 'gypo' is highly disrespectful and perpetuates stereotypes.". In a discussion about discrimination, someone might say, "Words like 'gypo' contribute to marginalization and prejudice.".

  4. PDF Want to learn some useful words and phrases in Irish Cant?

    the pressure of contact with Irish and Hiberno-English. Mincéir means Traveller and Thari means talk, so this might be translated as 'Traveller talk'. The closest living language is old Irish, which was spoken in Ireland pre 1200s. While the language is practiced mainly through oral tradition, with very little written history of it, the words

  5. Six English words borrowed from the Romany language

    The word again derives from the Romany words " čhinger " and " čhingerel " meaning to quarrel or shout. 5. Pal. This is perhaps the most well-used example of a Romany word found in ...

  6. Names of the Romani people

    Gypsy and gipsy. The English term gipsy or gypsy is commonly used to indicate Romani people, Tinkers, and Travellers, and use of the word gipsy in modern-day English is pervasive (and is a legal term under English law—see below), and some Romani organizations use it in their own organizational names, particularly in the United Kingdom.

  7. Gypsy, Roma and Traveller people (UK)

    Gypsy, Roma and Traveller (abbreviated to GRT) is an umbrella term used in the United Kingdom to represent several diverse ethnic groups which have a shared history of nomadism.The groups include Gypsies, defined as communities of travelling people who share a Romani heritage, resident in Britain since the 16th century; Ethnic Travellers, the traditional travelling people of Ireland and ...

  8. Gypsies, Roma, Travellers: An Animated History

    Many Roma, Gypsies, and Travellers are engaged in recycling and have been for centuries, long before major environmental concerns. We were also healers and herbalists for the "country people.". Mobility has, for many Roma, been part and parcel of identity. It's "not all wagons and horses," though, and Roma have been engaged with ...

  9. Romani people

    In Britain, many Romani proudly identify as "Gypsies", and, as part of the Gypsy, Roma and Traveller grouping, this is the name used to describe all para-Romani groups in official contexts. In North America, the word Gypsy is most commonly used as a reference to Romani ethnicity, though lifestyle and fashion are at times also referenced by ...

  10. Romany Dictionary

    gypsy outside the romany tribes and of mixed blood. to look, see. mirror. mirror. a television set. scarf. to throw. silly, stupid, an idiot, a fool. ... name word. to take, to catch ... tramp, traveller with-out any Romany blood ...

  11. 'I don't look like most people's idea of a Gypsy'

    To rokker Romanes meant, simply, to talk like a Gypsy and not like a gorjer - a non-Gypsy. The word gorjies comes from the old Romany word gadje or gadzhe, and though its form has mutated with ...

  12. Common English words that actually come from Romany Gypsy language

    In fact, many of the words and phrases that are a common part of the English language actually have their roots from the Gypsy and Traveller community. Figures from the 2011 census suggest there are more than 2,000 Gypsies and Travellers living in Hampshire.

  13. Words that you use everyday that came from the Romany Gypsy language

    According to the 2011 census, 635 Gypsy, traveller and Irish traveller people were living in Cornwall. However this is recognised by the Government as an under count as many are scared to disclose ...

  14. Gypsy Roma and Traveller History

    Gypsies, Roma and Travellers have a rich and diverse culture. Gypsy Roma and Traveller people belong to minority ethnic groups that have contributed to British society for centuries. Their distinctive way of life and traditions manifest themselves in nomadism, the centrality of their extended family, unique languages and entrepreneurial economy.

  15. Tracing Gypsy Romany and Traveller Ancestors at Surrey History Centre

    The Traveller-led Friends, Families & Travellers works to celebrate Gypsy, Roma and Travellers' rich history, culture and contributions to society and share this with the wider public. Surrey Gypsy Traveller Communities Forum raises awareness of local GRT community life and culture and helps give the community a voice. The Forum has placed its ...

  16. Romani dialects

    Roma, Romany Gypsies, Manuches, Kale and Sinti and people with Roma descent live in various countries across the world. There are more than 10 million people of Romani descent in Europe alone. Romani is a rich family of languages with an Indo-Aryan root. Romani is the only Indio-Aryan language that has been spoken exclusively in Europe since ...

  17. BBC

    It is also used by Gypsy Travellers to identify each other and to make sure that the person you are talking to really is who they say they are. Some Romany words used by local Gypsy Travellers:

  18. Six English words borrowed from the Romani language

    The word again derives from the Romani words " čhinger " and " čhingerel " meaning to quarrel or shout. 5. Pal. This is perhaps the most well-used example of a Romani word found in ...

  19. The Gypsy Lore Society

    Gypsy and Traveler Groups in the United States. Cale: Spanish Gypsies, or Gitanos, are found primarily in the metropolitan centers of the East and West coasts. A small community of only a few families. English Travelers: Fairly amorphous group, possibly formed along same lines as Roaders (see below), but taking shape already in England before ...

  20. 16 words you use everyday that come from Romany Gypsy language

    7. Gavver. Another word used to describe policeman or policewoman that comes from the Romany Gypsy word 'garav' which means hide. 8. Gibberish. We use the word gibberish to describe someone ...

  21. Romanichal

    Romanichals (UK: / ˈ r ɒ m ə n ɪ tʃ æ l / US: /-n i-/; more commonly known as English Gypsies) are a Romani subgroup within the United Kingdom and other parts of the English-speaking world. Most Romanichal speak Angloromani, a mixed language that blends Romani vocabulary with English syntax. Romanichals resident in England, Scotland, and Wales are part of the Gypsy, Roma, and Traveller ...

  22. GYPSY Synonyms: 63 Similar and Opposite Words

    Synonyms for GYPSY: traveller, nomad, wanderer, traveler, bird of passage, drifter, wayfarer, vagabond; Antonyms of GYPSY: resident, inhabitant, settler, dweller ...

  23. PDF Friends, Families and Travellers

    Friends, Families and Travellers

  24. Roma, Gypsies and Travellers

    Roma, Gypsies and Travellers. Wednesday 21 February 2024. The Guardian view on celebrating working-class memory: a way of looking to the future. Editorial: ...

  25. Traveller charity accuses Dorset MP of inciting discrimination

    The charity's head of trustees, Pauline Melvin-Anderson, said: "The whole tone of the video is that Gypsies and travellers are a problem to be solved rather than people, individuals, families ...