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Students wearing 3D glasses take a virtual tour of ancient Egypt in Peter Der Manuelian’s “Pyramid Schemes” class.

Photos by Stephanie Mitchell/Harvard Staff Photographer

Alvin Powell

Harvard Staff Writer

Digital Giza Project lets scholars virtually visit sites in Egypt and beyond, and even print them in 3D

Four thousand years ago, a member of Egypt’s elite was buried on the Giza Plateau in an elaborate stone tomb, complete with several rooms and underground chambers.

Then, in 1912, a team from Harvard University and the Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) in Boston excavated the tomb, of a type called a mastaba , and brought back with them a limestone wall from its chapel.

The wall, housed at the MFA, is inscribed with images of the deceased, an official named Akh-meret-nesut, and his family in various poses — sitting, leaning on a staff, throwing a lasso.

Today, more than a century later, Harvard doctoral student Inês Torres wants to know as much as she can about Akh-meret-nesut: who he was, what he did, and why he was buried on the Giza Plateau in the shadow of the pyramids long after pharaohs’ burials there had ceased.

But Torres faces a problem familiar to many scholars studying ancient Egypt: getting access to what she’s studying. With part of the tomb in Boston and part in Egypt, she’d have to time travel to see it intact. Other scholars may face different hurdles, but the problem is the same: Documents and images are held in faraway archives, artifacts and other relics of ancient Egypt have been dispersed, stolen, or destroyed, and tombs and monuments have been dismantled, weather-worn, or locked away behind passages filled in when an excavation closes.

Hurdles can also be economic: The object of study may be intact, but the plane fare and expenses of living for weeks in the field or lodged in the cities — Cairo, London, Berlin, Paris, Boston — that are home to museums with large Egyptian collections hard to come by.

It was with scholars like these in mind that Digital Giza Project was born.

The project was created in 2000 by Peter Der Manuelian , who at the time was on the curatorial staff at the MFA. A scholar of ancient Egypt, Manuelian said his initial vision was to create a digital record of the work of Harvard’s legendary Egyptology Professor and MFA curator George Reisner and the Harvard-MFA Expedition he led. The expedition was one of the major academic archaeological efforts at Giza and other sites in Egypt during the early 1900s.

Reisner, who led the expedition for more than 40 years, dug at 23 sites, and Manuelian soon realized that just digitizing material relating to the vast finds on the Giza Plateau — which includes not only the pyramids and the Sphinx, but also associated temples, nearby cemeteries, and even a workers’ village — would be a career-long challenge. In 2010, he moved to Harvard to become the Philip J. King Professor of Egyptology and director of the Harvard Semitic Museum , and he brought the Giza Project with him.

The project staff’s ambition has since expanded to include not just Reisner’s work at Giza, but that of other archaeologists at the site as well, making it a comprehensive resource for Giza archaeology. It contains some 77,000 images, 21,000 of them Harvard University-MFA Expedition glass-plate negatives, and 10,000 of Manuelian’s own images. It has published manuscripts as well as unpublished expedition records, dig diaries, object record books, and sketches and drawings made by the archaeologists doing the digging. In January, during Harvard’s winter recess, Manuelian visited Egypt and collected another 5,000 digital images — including panoramic photos — of Giza and related objects in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.

A key feature of the Giza Project is the fact that the material it holds is cross-referenced online, allowing a researcher to seamlessly move from a 3D image of an object to scholarly articles about it to diary pages by the archaeologist who discovered it.

“For people who focus on this particular period, this is the main resource for them to go to,” Manuelian said. “It’s thrown the doors wide open to this material that was previously only in the publications that Reisner lived long enough to finish.”

As the work has advanced, so has technology. Manuelian’s vision has expanded to include 3D re-creations of statues and artifacts that allow researchers to view them online, rotate them, and zoom in on specific features. Looking to the future, he said, 3D models’ source codes could be made available, which would allow distant scholars with access to 3D printers to create their own physical models.

“All of this allows us to ask new questions and to put the data together in ways not possible before and to make intelligent links,” Manuelian said. “If someone gets a grant and decides to go to the MFA and look through their records, good luck. There’s just so much, it’s overwhelming. If you go to Giza today, a tomb may have been reburied or vandalized, or is in not as good shape as it was in 1916. Objects might have gone to the basement of the Cairo museum, never to be seen again.

“With our attempt to put this all together digitally, with diaries and maps and plans and things, it allows you, first of all, convenient access to the data and then you can start to notice patterns.”

The Giza Projects’ 3D modeling extends beyond artifacts to locations. Manuelian’s team has already created video-game-like 3D versions of the entire Giza Plateau, with the Khafre pyramid, the Sphinx, and several temples and tombs posted so far and more to come. Those models can be accessed from the Digital Giza website and toured using controls on a laptop or desktop computer. Other re-creations, using high-resolution photographs of tombs’ interiors, let visitors walk through virtual burial chambers using stereo headsets. Visitors can move around inside the tombs and even walk up to a wall to examine a particular relief or other detail. About 20 tombs have been modeled in detail so far, with hundreds more to go.

“My hope is eventually to fly drones over the site, documenting everything from the air,” Manuelian said. “And complementing that with walks up and down the ‘streets’ [between rows of tombs] creating 360-degree panoramic visualizations, all linked to the more-traditional archaeological data that we have already assembled.”

For someone like Torres, studying a tomb that has one room in Boston and the rest in Egypt, a virtual model is the only way to see the intact structure, so she’s planning on creating one as part of her doctoral work.

“This tomb is divided between two countries,” she said. “3D modeling is the only way we can put it back together again.”

The overarching goal, Manuelian said, is to make scholarship in Egyptology more accessible than ever. And, while digital images may not fully replace the real thing, he said, foundational study can be conducted using the wide array of material presented by the project, allowing scholars to conserve scarce resources for when they’re essential.

The project’s 3D re-creations and data visualizations, together with the capabilities of the Harvard Visualization Center, also allow the Giza Project to give students a unique educational experience. Last fall, Manuelian gathered his students in a tomb in cyber space, using the center’s virtual reality headsets, and linked the class to students in Zhejiang University in China. Students’ avatars gathered at the virtual site — in this case, the Sphinx — with the technology, allowing Manuelian to act as a cyber tour guide.

“The project is all of these diverse approaches,” Manuelian said. “It’s a traditional database and website. It’s the intelligent linking of this photo to that tomb to this diary page. It’s the 3D modeling as we try to build more and more of the necropolis all the time. And it’s ultimately intended to enable the kind of remote teaching — what I call educational telepresence — where we can all be at Giza virtually and visiting the site and having a lecture inside a decorated tomb chapel no matter where you live.”

Torres said there is an irony to studying Giza: It is one of the world’s most famous archaeological sites, but in many ways it is still unknown. While the pyramids and Sphinx are world-famous, and have been for centuries, in their shadow new tombs are still being uncovered, while known tombs, workers’ houses, and other sites are yet to be fully explored and studied.

“Giza is such a well-known site, but in some sense, it’s understudied,” Torres said. “Because the pyramids are so amazing, the things all around them fade.”

With so much work to be done, the access to digitized documents and materials might inspire scholars curious about ancient Egypt but without access to the sites themselves or a major Egyptological library to take up the job.

“I think that’s the way to go forward, to make sure everyone has access,” Torres said. “Possibly there are geniuses who don’t have a great library and could do something wonderful with the information.”

Another graduate student, Hilo Sugita, plans to study the sarcophagi found at Giza. Using the Giza Project’s data, she can examine photographs of inscriptions, find their original locations within tombs, and even create 3D models.

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“We have photographs, journals, glass negatives, letters, artifacts, publications,” Sugita said. “I think the Digital Giza Project is amazing because we’re trying to collect all the data about Giza everywhere and make it available on the website. You don’t have to go to the MFA, you don’t have to travel to Berlin.”

Technology’s advance is not without challenges, however. The digitization of archaeology, Manuelian said, is something like “the Wild West,” with competing file formats and uncertainty about how the growing data troves will be translated into next-generation software.

In addition, standards for what goes into a 3D re-creation are loose. Should a digital model reflect the state of a tomb as it was found, for example, or is it OK to color in reliefs on the walls to match paint residue found there? How far should digital re-creations go in filling in missing details, some of which are backed by scholarship, but others of which are more speculative, driven by knowledge of common practice rather than evidence at that specific site?

Early in the spring term, Manuelian gave students in his Gen Ed “Pyramid Schemes” class, which provides an overview of ancient Egypt, a glimpse of Giza using Giza Project models. The students visited the Harvard Visualization Center’s home on the second floor of the Geological Museum building, which is equipped with a curved floor-to-ceiling screen occupying one full wall and a suite of 3D and virtual reality tools.

He gave them a tour of both the technology — which can depict sites in detail — and the archaeology, showing them three-dimensional re-creations viewed with 3D glasses and letting them walk through a tomb via a virtual-reality headset.

Manuelian also encouraged students to not only soak up the experience, but to think about the challenges inherent in such an approach, where it might further education and scholarship, and what its shortcomings might be. And, with so much work still to do, he also made a pitch.

“This is a project that is waiting for people like you,” he said.

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Nicole Legnani

• # david hopkins
• # giza project
• # jeremy kisala
• # museum of fine arts
• # peter der manuelian
• # rachel aronin
• # virtual reality

Bringing the Giza Pyramids to Life

3D or not 3D? That is the question. Egyptologists and digital artists discuss the advantages of navigating on screen through archaeological sites in 2D, versus donning 3D glasses for an even more immersive experience. Using 3D computer animation and digital artistry to reconstruct the ancient Egyptian site of Giza, arguably the most famous archaeological site in the world, the Giza Project at Harvard is bringing the site back to life on screen. This is happening at Harvard’s Visualization Center, located in the Geological Museum. Project staff, along with partners at Dassault Systèmes in Paris, are making it possible for students and researchers alike to become “participant observers” in the burial rites carried out by avatars of ancient Egyptians, and to experience the ancient landscape and monuments in real-time as never before. Both amateurs and experts enjoy the benefits of travel in time and space, the results of a collective and ongoing effort of the team, under the direction of Peter Der Manuelian, Philip J. King Professor of Egyptology and Founding Director of the Giza Archives Project at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. From 2000 to 2011, the Project at the MFA was benefited from more than $3 million in support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Part of the beauty (both artistic and scholarly) of the team’s forays into ancient Egypt is the excitement the 3D Giza site can encourage among its viewers, from amateurs to visiting Egyptologists of international renown. Beyond visitors’ initial (overwhelmingly positive) reactions, the Giza team members are gathering detailed feedback from scholars to improve the interface and experience. The Giza model also allows us to pose new research questions and new ways of viewing the site, both from above and below ground that were previously impossible.

Egyptologists Nicholas Picardo and Rachel Aronin, Giza Project Research Associates, work closely with the team´s technical artists, Rus Gant and David Hopkins, to ensure that all the structures and objects from the Giza Pyramids, temples and tombs are represented as accurately as possible on the Giza 3D model. They are updating and cross-referencing data from more than a century’s worth of maps, photos, expedition diaries, objects and other materials of the groundbreaking excavations led by George A. Reisner (class of 1889) for the joint Harvard University–Boston Museum of Fine Arts Expedition (1905–1947). Current excavation data are also being incorporated, as are Giza materials from a consortium of international collaborative partners from institutions in Berkeley, Berlin, Cairo, Philadelphia, Hildesheim, Leipzig, Turin, and Vienna.

Avatar of George A. Reisner (1867–1942), Harvard’s first Professor of Egyptology, standing in a Giza tomb chapel. Still image from 3D animation. Image courtesy of Dassault Systèmes, Paris.

But what is an accurate digital representation for a tomb that is more than four thousand years old? Hopkins and Gant note that where a damaged column of hieroglyphs appears on the tomb chapel wall of Queen Meresankh, colleagues Aronin and Picardo could theoretically reconstruct the missing signs based on Egyptological research. What, then, should be the conventions for displaying reconstructions of hieroglyphs? Manuelian dreams out loud, raising the possibility of introducing a timeline mode that would allow users to scroll from four thousand years ago to the present and back again, displaying the site in its original and current states, with many phases in between. Moreover, Manuelian raises the possibility of “crowdsourcing” selected monuments so that Egyptologists and digital artists from around the globe could get involved in populating the site with additional data at a faster pace. Gant notes that crowdsourcing was unimaginable ten years ago when the Giza work began. Today, powerful bandwidth and widespread access to the same digital tools and formats have leveled the playing field among research centers around the globe.

Digital reconstruction of the subterranean tomb chapel of Queen Meresankh (G 7530-7540), discovered by the Harvard University–Boston Museum of Fine Arts Expedition in 1927. Image courtesy of the Giza Project.

The research possibilities for the Giza 3D model have also increased dramatically. “We have now come to the point where we are no longer just using research in order to build a visual model,” adds Picardo, “but we are also reversing the process, taking the model and using it for research.” This is the “future of digital archaeology,” he contends, noting that it is “a pioneering effort in the field of Egyptology.” Already, images from the reconstructed models of selected Giza tombs grace Manuelian’s scholarly publications, including, most recently, Mastabas of Nucleus Cemetery G 2100. Manuelian and Gant also envision expanding accessibility to an even larger public, making the work available to visitors on the Giza Plateau itself, and in the forthcoming Grand Egyptian Museum, scheduled for completion a few years from now, as well as in museums at Harvard and elsewhere.

A museum visitor experiences the immersive environment of the Giza Plateau. Photo courtesy of the Giza Project.

The Giza Archives and Giza3D visualizations are at an exciting juncture in research, development and dissemination, with possibilities applicable to HarvardX and EdX as well. Aronin smiles as she acknowledges the Sisyphean task at hand; though the current crop of team members may not be able to render the entire repertoire of the Giza Plateau’s temples, tombs and artifacts in 3D, they will nevertheless set the stage for the next generation of scholars to come.

Check it out: http://www.gizapyramids.org http://giza3d.3ds.com

Visit the Pyramids of Giza Without Even Leaving Your Couch

By ellen gutoskey | apr 15, 2021.

If going to the Giza Plateau in person is the ultimate way to experience the ancient Pyramids of Giza, Harvard University’s Digital Giza is at least the next best thing.

As Nerdist reports , Digital Giza is an offshoot of Harvard’s Giza Project , an international endeavor to catalog and consolidate archives and information about the Giza Plateau from all over the world. Researchers have used this data to create a digital platform with 3D models, virtual walking tours, and other free interactive resources to help people explore the region from afar.

You can, for example, amble around the largest of the three pyramids, commissioned by King Khufu around 2550 BCE and also known as the Great Pyramid . Not only is it the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, it’s also the only one that still exists (That said, historians aren’t sure that some of them ever existed at all—hard evidence of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and the Colossus of Rhodes, for example, has proven difficult to find.) The other two pyramids that tower over the rest of the plateau are the Pyramid of Khafre and the Pyramid of Menkaure, built by (and named for) Khufu’s son and grandson, respectively.

Digital Giza offers plenty of sites to explore beyond those three edifices. The Great Sphinx , thought to have been built during Khafre’s reign, is also a must-see. While it’s currently the same sandy color as the rest of the plateau, pigment residue suggests that it might’ve once been painted red, blue, yellow, and perhaps other vibrant hues. The platform also has virtual tours of several extravagant tombs, complete with details about the art and sculptures you see inside.

If you’re interested in an immersive (and educational) virtual vacation, you can explore Digital Giza here .

[h/t Nerdist ]

Pyramids of Giza: Ancient Egyptian Art and Archaeology

Learn about ancient egypt’s most famous archaeological site.

Join Harvard Professor Peter Der Manuelian in exploring the archaeology, history, art, and hieroglyphs surrounding the famous Egyptian Pyramids at Giza.

What You'll Learn

Where is Giza? How were the Pyramids built? How did the cemeteries and hundreds of decorated tombs around them develop? What was Giza’s contribution to this first great age of ancient Egyptian civilization, the Old Kingdom?

The Giza Plateau and its cemeteries — including the majestic Pyramids and the Great Sphinx — are stirring examples of ancient Egyptian architecture and culture. They provide windows into ancient Egyptian society, but also contain mysteries waiting to be solved. The Egyptian Pyramids at Giza provide an opportunity to explore the history of archaeology and to learn about some of the modern methods shaping the discipline today.

This introductory course will explore the art, archaeology, and history surrounding the Giza Pyramids. We will learn about Egyptian pharaohs and high officials of the Pyramid Age, follow in the footsteps of the great 20th-century expeditions, and discover how cutting-edge digital tools like 3D-modeling are reshaping the discipline of Egyptology.

Join us on this online journey to ancient Egypt’s most famous archaeological site as we uncover the history and significance of Giza, and use new digital techniques to unravel the mysteries of its ancient tombs and temples.

The course will be delivered via edX and connect learners around the world. By the end of the course, participants will understand:

• The history and significance of the Giza Pyramids and surrounding cemeteries
• Who explored the Pyramids and how they documented their discoveries
• The cultural and religious significance of the Giza Pyramids, tombs, and temples
• The role of hieroglyphic inscriptions in the tombs at Giza
• An appreciation for Egyptian art of the Old Kingdom, or Pyramid Age
• How digital technologies allow us to visualize ancient monuments in new ways
• What the future holds for our understanding and experience of Giza

Your Instructor

Peter Der Manuelian received his Ph.D. in Egyptology from the University of Chicago in 1990. In 2009, he was appointed the “Philip J. King Professor of Egyptology” at Harvard University (Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, and Department of Anthropology). This is the first Egyptology chair at Harvard since the time of George Reisner (1867-1942), more than 75 years ago. He is director of the Harvard Semitic Museum, and also directs the Giza Project at Harvard, and the MA Program in Museum Studies at the Harvard Extension School. He joined the curatorial staff at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, in 1987, and was Giza Archives Project Director there from 2000–2011, in addition to teaching at Tufts University for ten years. His primary research interests include ancient Egyptian history, archaeology, digital epigraphy and visualization, the development of mortuary architecture, and the (icono)graphic nature of Egyptian language and culture in general.

Ways to take this course

When you enroll in this course, you will have the option of pursuing a Verified Certificate or Auditing the Course.

A Verified Certificate costs $219 and provides unlimited access to full course materials, activities, tests, and forums. At the end of the course, learners who earn a passing grade can receive a certificate. 

Alternatively, learners can Audit the course for free and have access to select course material, activities, tests, and forums.  Please note that this track does not offer a certificate for learners who earn a passing grade.

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Virtual Travel

A Smithsonian magazine special report

Take a Free Virtual Tour of Five Egyptian Heritage Sites

The sites include the 5,000-year-old tomb of Meresankh III, the Red Monastery and the Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Barquq

Theresa Machemer

Correspondent

Earlier this month, Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities announced the release of five new virtual tours of historic sites, adding to the range of online adventures that you can now embark on from home.

The tours explore the tomb of Meresankh III , the tomb of Menna , the Ben Ezra Synagogue , the Red Monastery and the Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Barquq . Each virtual experience features detailed 3-D imagery through which users can “walk” by clicking hotspots along the structures’ floors.

As James Stewart reports for the Guardian , the tours boast “beefed up” 3-D modeling made by experts with Harvard University’s Giza Project . Unlike their real counterparts, most of which charge a small entry fee, the virtual renderings are free to all.

“The virtual tours target both [international] tourists and Egyptians, a ministry spokesperson tells Al-Monitor ’s Amira Sayed Ahmed. “They serve the double purpose of promoting Egyptian tourism nationwide and increasing Egyptians' awareness of their own civilization.”

Two of the tours—the tombs of Meresankh III and elite Egyptian official Menna —include background information accessible by clicking circles overlaid atop specific features. The former’s tomb, dated to some 5,000 years ago, is the oldest of the Egyptian sites available as a virtual walkthrough. Meresankh, a queen wed to King Khafre, was the daughter of Prince Kawab and Hetepheres II of the fourth dynasty, and the granddaughter of Great Pyramid builder Cheops, also known as Khufu.

Harvard archaeologist George Andrew Reisner discovered the queen’s tomb in 1927. He later stated that “None of us had ever seen anything like it.” Today, the burial place’s paintings and carvings remain well-preserved, showcasing hunters catching water birds, bakers making triangular loaves of bread and servants holding offerings.

In the northern chamber, along the wall furthest from the virtual tour’s starting point, ten statues of women stand shoulder to shoulder—an unusual sight among Gaza tombs. The statues “serve to emphasize Meresankh’s position among her queenly relatives,” the tour explains. Along the path to the 16-foot-deep burial shaft, users pass a pair of statues depicting Meresankh and her mother, Hetepheres II, with their arms around each other.

The path leads down a spiraling staircase into the burial shaft, where Meresankh’s black granite sarcophagus—originally created for her mother but re-engraved upon the queen’s death in 2532 B.C., according to the History Blog —was originally found. The tour includes a reconstructed image of the chamber with the sarcophagus in place, but the actual coffin is now kept at the Egyptian Antiquities Museum in Cairo.

The tomb of Menna, dated to the 18th dynasty (about 1549 B.C to 1292 B.C.), is “one of the most visited and best preserved” from the era, the ministry writes in a statement quoted by Live Science ’s Laura Geggel. The tomb’s decorations suggest the elite official was a scribe in charge of the pharaoh’s fields and the temple of sun god Amun-Re.

Menna’s tomb also includes informational blurbs highlighting such features as paintings of the scribe’s family, including his wife Henuttawy and their five children. Curiously, all of the paintings of Menna have been defaced.

“The ancient Egyptians believed that the soul of a person inhabited paintings of them and destroying the face would ‘deactivate’ the image,” the tour notes. “Why would someone want to destroy the memory of Menna?”

The tomb also served as a point of communication with the dead. It once featured life-size statues of Menna and Henuttawy that family members could make offerings to, ask for favors or visit during festivals.

The other three tours do not offer information blurbs at this time, but they still have plenty of detailed 3-D imagery for virtual visitors to explore. The Red Monastery , a Coptic church in Upper Egypt, features ornate frescoes, while the 14th-century Mosque-Madrassa is known for its immense size and innovative architecture. The Ben Ezra Synagogue in Old Cairo is alleged to be the site where baby Moses was found.

“Experience Egypt from home,” says the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities on Facebook . “Stay home. Stay safe.”

Get the latest stories in your inbox every weekday.

Theresa Machemer | READ MORE

Theresa Machemer is a freelance writer based in Washington DC. Her work has also appeared in National Geographic and SciShow. Website: tkmach.com

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Harvard, MFA Unveil Virtual 3D Tour Of Ancient Egyptian Pyramids

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<iframe width="100%" height="124" scrolling="no" frameborder="no" src="https://player.wbur.org/news/2012/05/07/virtual-tour-egypt"></iframe>

• Lynn Jolicoeur

3D has become all the rage in movies and computer games, but the technology isn't just for entertainment. Researchers at Harvard University and the Museum of Fine Arts are turning it into a learning tool, too. Beginning Tuesday, they're offering you a free 3D virtual tour of the ancient pyramids of Egypt.

"I don't play video games," Peter Der Manuelian said with a laugh. "This is as close as I'll ever come, but it's great fun."

Manuelian is one of the brains behind this project, called Giza 3D. He's been fascinated by ancient Egypt ever since fourth-grade history, and he eventually turned that childhood fascination into a profession: he's Harvard's full-time Egyptologist. In a classroom with a curved floor-to-ceiling screen, he gave me some fancy battery-operated 3-D glasses.

"So put the glasses on, and then push the button," he instructed, "and if the image gets a little darker, you'll know that things are working."

And with that, I get a taste of what anyone with an Internet connection and 3D TV will soon be able to experience.

"So what we're seeing, then, is the Great Pyramid and its temples and long causeway, and the sun is going down to the west," Manuelian said.

It's an animated computer rendering of the Giza Plateau, home to the famous pyramids near modern-day Cairo. Manuelian leads our tour with a device that's a cross between a joystick and a mouse.

"I can steer anywhere I want to go," he explained. "So it's not a linear movie or a frozen video, where I start at the beginning and go to the end. We can dive down a burial shaft, we can visit the pyramid."

We start by flying over the whole complex, getting a bird's-eye view. Then we swoop down into a courtyard to see an ancient Egyptian burial ceremony. Suddenly, with a flick of the joystick, we plunge into a long shaft that leads to a burial chamber.

"And I'm going to drive with my mouse and I'll try not to crash into the walls," Manuelian pledged. "And I'll take you down, all the way to the bottom. I hope no one feels seasick!"

It is a little dizzying, and it's all very whiz-bang. But Harvard and the MFA insist this has an educational purpose, too: it's linked to the Giza Archive Project, a massive digital database of materials gathered during a decades-long joint Harvard-MFA expedition of the Giza Plateau. So you can click on anything you come across — say, a tomb — and immediately access all that digitized information.

"Lists of statues, ceramics, objects of daily life from that tomb, references to scholarly publications, maps and plans, old photographs, even unpublished manuscripts," Manuelian reeled off.

This kind of "edu-tourism" has the potential to bring ancient Egypt to the masses, he said. A French software company with U.S. headquarters in Waltham, Dassault Systemes, is behind this technology. One of its vice presidents, Mehdi Tayoubi, called the Giza 3D project the "democratization" of a high-tech tool.

"When a student is here, it's like he's in Giza traveling with Peter as a guide," Tayoubi said. "But back at home, he's able to connect online and to do the travel by himself and to look at some details not raised by Peter during his course," Tayoubi said.

And when Giza 3D goes public Tuesday, you might be able to pay a virtual visit to ancient Egypt, too.

The site will go live early Tuesday morning.

This program aired on May 7, 2012.

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The tour begins by having you enter through a tunnel believed to have been created by robbers in 820 CE.

James Felton

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James is a published author with four pop-history and science books to his name. He specializes in history, strange science, and anything out of the ordinary.

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The tour begins entering through a tunnel like this. Image credit: diy13/shutterstock.com

You can now take a look inside the Great Pyramid of Giza in a 3D digital tour . The pyramid, also known as Khufu Pyramid, was photographed by researchers to create the tour of the three interior chambers.

Included in the tour is the King's chamber at the top of the pyramid, the Queen's chamber in the middle, and a subterranean chamber of unknown purpose. 

The pyramid – about the size of an asteroid that NASA smashed a spaceship into earlier this year – is the largest of the Egyptian pyramids and the tomb of Fourth Dynasty pharaoh Khufu. 

Khufu began the construction of the pyramid, now the oldest of the seven wonders of the world, around 2550 BCE. The pyramid used approximately 2.3 million stone blocks, weighing an average of 2.5 to 15 tons each. Getting the materials there was a task in itself, with 8,000 tons of granite imported from Aswan, more than 800 kilometers (500 miles) away.

Thought for years to have been built by slaves, in the 1990s discoveries at the nearby Khafre and Menkaure pyramids suggested that the pyramids were in fact built by paid laborers.

In the cemetery , workers were found in mud-brick tombs filled with beer and bread to take with them to the afterlife, while examining their remains showed that they had a meat-rich diet that would be enviable of other workers at the time, and would not have been afforded to slaves.

Further  analysis of the workers' remains found that they had been given medical treatment, from bone-setting to evidence of brain surgery on a tumor . One worker was found to have had his leg amputated through surgery, living a further 14 years after the operation.

Thousands of workers moved the blocks astonishing distances by ox and boat, and may have been dragged on sleds by workers across wet sand , reducing the amount of force they'd need to shift them. 

All to create what is now quite a neat 3D tour .

ARTICLE POSTED IN

technology,

ancient egypt,

Great Pyramid of Giza,

ancient ancestors

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Giza 3D: Visualizing the Pyramids

HUBweek comes to Cabot Science Library .

Join  Peter Der Manuelian , Philip J. King Professor of Egyptology;  Director, Harvard Semitic Museum; as he presents the HUBweek  Spoke Event  Giza 3D: Visualizing the Pyramids. 

As part of the Giza Project at Harvard, a 3D, archaeologically accurate computer model of the pyramids, tombs, and temples at the famous Giza Pyramids, just west of modern Cairo, is being used for teaching and research. The work is largely based on the excavations of the Harvard University–Boston Museum of Fine Arts Expedition (1905–1947). This talk will show the computer model, and present other experiments in new technologies for bringing the site back to life, for scholars, students, and the public worldwide. Read more about Peter Der Manuelian and the Giza Project  here .

What is HUBweek? Billed as a festival for the future,  HUBweek explores the revolutionary intersections of art, science, and technology being created across Boston. 

Explore the ideas, artifacts, people, and places that have shaped our history for nearly 400 years.

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Harvard and the Legacy of Slavery

The Harvard and the Legacy of Slavery Walking Tour Experience explores Harvard University’s entanglements with the institution of slavery through a 10-stop tour around Harvard’s campus.

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Frequently asked questions

General tour information.

The Harvard University Visitor Center offers several different types of tours. For our in person tour offerings on campus, we provide the Official Historical Tour of Harvard. All tours are provided to the public for free and to private groups for a fee. Our tours typically run 45-60 minutes.

To view the schedule and register for our free public tours (virtual and in person), please visit our Eventbrite page . To request a virtual or in person private tour, visit this link .

We also offer a free self-guided historical tour through the Visit Harvard mobile app, which you can download on iOS and Android devices. You can take this self-guided tour on campus or from the comfort of your own home.

Information About Free In Person Tours

The in person Historical Tour of Harvard explores Harvard Yard. Tours depart from the Visitor Center which is located at the front desk in the Smith Campus Center. Our address is 1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138.

Registration for our in person tours must be made in advance. Registration is made available starting the Friday before your tour week. Parties of up to 14 persons can register for a free in person tour. Parties of 15-60 are encouraged to submit a request for a private tour .

Registered tour goers should arrive at the Visitor Center at least 15 minutes before your tour to check-in. Tours depart from the Smith Campus Center and end in Harvard Yard.

Information About the Visit Harvard Mobile App

Visit Harvard is a free mobile app by the Harvard Visitor Center that features a collection of self-guided tours centered around the Harvard University experience. The Visit Harvard mobile app can be downloaded by anyone with a smartphone, tablet, or desktop, to be enjoyed from wherever you might be visiting, whether it’s in-person at Harvard or from the comfort of your own home.

What tours are being offered in the mobile app? Currently on the app, visitors can take a mobile version of our popular in-person and virtual tour, the Historical Tour of Harvard.

How long is the mobile tour? This self-guided tour takes place across 14 mapped stops through Harvard’s campus. At a standard walking pace, it will take between 45-60 minutes to complete the 1 mile long tour.

Can I take the mobile tour in-person or virtually? The mobile tour is designed to be accessed in-person on Harvard University’s campus, starting at the Harvard Visitor Center, located at the Smith Campus Center in Harvard Square (1350 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA). It can also be viewed from the comfort of your own home. Simply download Visit Harvard in the app store, select the Historical Tour of Harvard, and begin your journey!

Where can I download the Visit Harvard mobile app? You can download the Visit Harvard mobile app on the Apple App Store and Google Play . There is also a desktop version of the app you can access here .

Learn More About the Harvard College Admissions Process

For more information about Harvard College Admissions, please visit their official website . Their contact information can be found here .

• Giza @ School
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• Browse Collections
• Introduction to Giza
• What is the Giza Project?
• Archaeology at Giza

Giza Plateau

Add this to a collection

Tombs and Monuments 1

Published documents 2, full bibliography.

Giza Plateau: Site: Giza; View: Giza Plateau

• ID: GPH_3D_Giza Plateau

3D model of the Giza Plateau.

• ID GPH_3D_Giza Plateau
• Department Giza Project at Harvard
• Classification 3D Models-Sites
• Credit Line Giza Project at Harvard

• Site Name Giza

Hassan, Selim. Excavations at Gîza 7: 1935-1936. The Mastabas of the Seventh Season and their Description. Cairo: Government Press, 1953.

Hassan, Selim. Excavations at Gîza 9: 1936-37-38. The Mastabas of the Eighth Season and their Description. Cairo: General Organisation for Government Printing Offices, 1960.

Hassan, Selim. Excavations at Gîza VII: 1935-1936. The Mastabas of the Seventh Season and their Description. Cairo: Government Press, 1953, plan.

Hassan, Selim. Excavations at Gîza IX: 1936-37-38. The Mastabas of the Eighth Season and their Description. Cairo: General Organisation for Government Printing Offices, 1960, plan.

Saleh, Abdel-Aziz. “Excavations Around Mycerinus Pyramid Complex.” Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 30 (1974), pp. 131–154.

View all 297 Photos

Giza Plateau: Site: Giza; View: the Giza Plateau

ID: HUMFA_EG010039

Subjects: Maps and plans: Plan of Menkaure quarry cemetery

ID: HUMFA_EG019924

Subjects: Maps and plans: General Plan of Central Field

Description: General Plan of Central Field published in Selim Hassan, Giza 9.

ID: HUMFA_EG025538

Subjects: Drawings: General plan of the Giza Plateau

Description: General plan of the Giza pyramids

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-15_wip_003

Subjects: Giza Plateau model: Site: Giza; View: Giza Plateau (model)

Description: Image capture of 3D model of the Giza Plateau (work in progress).

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-15_wip_004

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-15_wip_005

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-15_wip_006

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ID: GPH_3D_Harbors_2011-12-09_wip_001

ID: GPH_3D_Harbors_2011-12-13_wip_012

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-07_wip_013

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-28_wip_006

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ID: GPH_3D_Harbors_2011-09-28_wip_002

ID: GPH_3D_Harbors_2011-09-29_wip_001

ID: GPH_3D_Harbors_2011-09-29_wip_002

ID: GPH_3D_Harbors_2011-09-30_wip_001

ID: GPH_3D_Harbors_2011-09-30_wip_002

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-07_wip_014

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-07_wip_015

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-07_wip_017

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-07_wip_018

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-07_wip_019

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-07_wip_021

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-07_wip_022

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-07_wip_023

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ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-07_wip_025

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-15_wip_001

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-15_wip_002

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-28_wip_007

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-28_wip_008

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-28_wip_009

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-28_wip_010

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-28_wip_011

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-28_wip_012

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-29_wip_001

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-29_wip_002

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-29_wip_003

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-12-01_wip_010

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-12-01_wip_011

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-12-01_wip_012

ID: sat_quickbird_01-2009_cropped

Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex and Sphinx Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Valley Temple, Sphinx Temple, Sphinx

Description: Khafre Valley Temple, Sphinx Temple, and Sphinx; cropped from Quickbird .6m satellite photo from Jan. 05, 2009.

ID: GPH_aerial_composite_1936-1999_KH_Quarry_cropped

Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Quarry

ID: hassan_giza_7_plan_bw

Description: General Plan of Central Field published in Selim Hassan, Giza 7 (black and white version).

ID: hassan_giza_7_plan_sat_quickbird_composite

Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Central Field

Description: General Plan of Central Field (published in Selim Hassan, Giza 7) overlaid on Quickbird .6m satellite photo from Jan. 05, 2009.

ID: hassan_giza_7_plan

Description: General Plan of Central Field published in Selim Hassan, Giza 7.

ID: lepsius_panorama

Subjects: Drawings: Site: Giza

Description: Drawing by Karl Richard Lepsius: panorama of Giza Plateau

ID: sat_ikonos_saleh_plan_composite

Subjects: Maps and plans: Site: Giza; View: Menkaure Quarry

Description: Ikonos satellite image of Menkaure Quarry, overlaid with plan of Abdel-Aziz Saleh's settlement area

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2012-05-15_wip_003

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-06-13_wip_006

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-06-13_wip_007

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ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2012-01-04_wip_001

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2012-01-04_wip_002

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2012-01-04_wip_003

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2012-01-04_wip_004

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2012-01-04_wip_005

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-07-01_wip_001

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-10-18_wip_003

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-03_wip_001

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-08-09_wip_010

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-08-09_wip_011

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-08-09_wip_012

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-08-09_wip_013

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-08-09_wip_014

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2012-05-14_wip_004

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2012-05-14_wip_007

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2012-05-14_wip_008

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2012-05-14_wip_009

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-08-07_wip_012

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-08-07_wip_013

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-08-07_wip_014

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-08-07_wip_015

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-08-07_wip_016

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-08-07_wip_017

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-08-07_wip_018

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-08-07_wip_019

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-08-07_wip_020

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-08-07_wip_021

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-05-08_wip_001

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-02_wip_005

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-10-18_wip_001

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-10-18_wip_002

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-10-06_wip_004

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2012-05-14_wip_002

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2012-05-14_wip_001

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-12-21_wip_001

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-12-20_wip_005

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-12-20_wip_004

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2012-05-14_wip_010

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-10-11_wip_006

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-12-13_wip_010

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-12-13_wip_011

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-12-13_wip_012

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-07_wip_011

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2011-11-07_wip_012

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-05-03_wip_001

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-05-03_wip_002

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-05-03_wip_003

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-05-03_wip_004

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-05-03_wip_005

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-05-03_wip_006

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-05-07_wip_001

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2013-05-07_wip_002

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2012-05-15_wip_001

ID: GPH_3D_Plateau_2012-05-15_wip_002

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_105

Subjects: South Giza: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount

Description: Southern Mount, from W side looking E

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_106

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_107

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Muslim Cemetery

Description: View from just W of Southern Mount, looking NW across security wall for Muslim cemetery towards Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_108

Description: Southern Mount, closeup, from W side looking E

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_109

Description: Southern Mount, closeup, W side, looking S

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_110

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Muslim Cemetery

Description: View from just W of Southern Mount, looking NW across security wall for Muslim cemetery towards Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_111

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_112

Description: Southern Mount, W side, closeup of ground

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_113

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Muslim Cemetery

Description: View from just W of Southern Mount, looking W across security wall for Muslim cemetery towards Menkaure Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_114

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_115

Description: Southern Mount, from W side looking SE

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_116

Description: Southern Mount, from SW side looking NE

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_120

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Southern Mount, from SW corner looking N towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_121

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_122

Description: Southern Mount, from S side looking N

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_123

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_124

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_125

Description: Panorama: Southern Mount, from S side looking N

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_126

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid

Description: Panorama: Southern Mount, from S side looking NW towards Menkaure Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_127

Description: Southern Mount, closeup, from S side looking N

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_128

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_129

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_130

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_131

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Khafre Pyramid

Description: Southern Mount, from SW corner looking NW towards Khafre Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_132

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_104

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_102

Subjects: South Giza: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Muslim Cemetery

Description: Southern Mount, from W side looking E, with security wall for Muslim cemetery

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_103

Name of this image

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• Heather ONeill [email protected] ×
• Nicholas Picardo [email protected] ×
• Luke Hollis [email protected] ×

Name your new collection:

• Cole Test Collection - Tomb Chapels and Shafts
• GPH Test Collection 1
• Tombs & Monuments
• Sphinx Complex
• 01-Present location
• Architectural element
• 02-Category
• 05-Material
• 06-Technique
• 07-State of preservation
• 08-Description
• Selected (2)

Questions, comments, concerns? We'd love to hear from you.

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