requirement for tourist visa to uk

Visa Traveler

Exploring the world one country at a time

UK tourist visa: Requirements and application procedure

Updated: September 9, 2023

The UK tourist visa requirements are clear and easy to understand. UK tourist visa application is online but the rest of the process requires an in-person appointment for biometrics.

The UK or the United Kingdom is comprised of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. To visit any of these four countries, you would need a UK tourist visa. UK tourist visas are valid for 6 months and you can stay up to 180 days in the UK.

The UK tourist visa application process is long and there is no status tracking. Make sure to start your UK visa process at least two months from your intended date of travel to the UK.

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UK TOURIST VISA REQUIREMENTS BY NATIONALITY

Minimum passport validity required to enter the UK

• Passport must be valid for the entire stay in the UK

Visa EXEMPT nationalities

Unlimited entry.

• This requirement will change from 01 Jan 2021 when UK will no longer be part of the EU
• Czech Republic
• Liechtenstein
• Netherlands
• Switzerland

6-month entry

• You must carry all documents needed for a visitor visa to show at the port of entry if asked
• Visa is REQUIRED if you have a criminal record or refused entry into the UK before
• Anguilla (British territory)
• Antigua and Barbuda
• Bermuda (British territory)
• Bonaire, St Eustatius and Saba (Dutch territory)
• British Virgin Islands (British territory)
• Cayman Islands (British territory)
• Costa Rica
• El Salvador
• Falkland Islands (British territory)
• Hong Kong
• Marshall Islands
• Montserrat (British territory)
• New Zealand
• Papua New Guinea
• Pitcairn Island (British territory)
• San Marino
• Solomon Islands
• South Korea
• St Kitts and Nevis
• St Lucia
• St Maarten
• St Vincent and The Grenadines
• Timor Leste
• Trinidad and Tobago
• Turks and Caicos Islands (British territory)
• United States of America
• Vatican City

Visa REQUIRED nationalities

• Afghanistan
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Burkina Faso
• Cape Verde
• Central African Republic
• Congo, Dem. Rep. of
• Congo, Rep. of
• Cote d’Ivoire
• Dominican Republic
• Equatorial Guinea
• Guinea-Bissau
• North Korea
• North Macedonia
• Palestinian Territories
• Philippines
• Saudi Arabia
• Sierra Leone
• South Africa
• South Sudan
• Sri Lanka
• São Tomé and Principe
• Turkmenistan

Electronic Visa Waiver (EVW) required nationalities

• United Arab Emirates

24-hour VISA-FREE entry at Heathrow airport

• Eligible to request a 24-hour VISA-FREE entry at London’s Heathrow airport if holding a valid visa from the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand or any EU/Schengen country
• Must be in transit to/from the country of visa (Ex: if holding a Canada visa, you must be in transit to/from Canada only)
• Onward flight must be within 24 hours (on the same day or next day before midnight)
• Granting the 24-hour entry is at the sole discretion of the immigration officer
• Applies to all nationalities

BONUS (FREE eBook Download): Travel 56 countries VISA-FREE with a visa from the US, Canada, Schengen, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Japan or Singapore

UK TOURIST VISA APPLICATION PROCESS

First, check if you need a visitor visa to travel to the UK in the “UK tourist visa requirements by nationality” section above.

Alternatively, you can check your eligibility and requirements on the UK gov website .

Validity of UK tourist visa

UK tourist visas are valid for 6 months from the date of visa issue.

Example: If your UK visa was issued on January 15, the visa will be valid until July 15. 

NOTE There have been instances where visas were issued with validity starting from the date of travel mentioned in the visa application. 

When to apply for UK visa

You can apply for a UK visa up to 3 months in advance.

Example: If you plan to visit the UK on April 15, you can apply for your UK visa on or after January 16.

Also, keep in mind that you must apply for your UK visa at least 3 weeks prior to your travel, otherwise, you may not receive your visa on time. There are no refunds if you receive your visa after your travel date. 

IMPORTANT The UK visa process can take up to 3 weeks and even longer in some cases. I strongly recommend applying for your UK visa at least 2 months in advance.

How long can you stay in the UK?

The UK tourist visa allows you to stay up to 180 days in the UK. But if you stay that long continuously in the UK on a tourist visa, you will have serious trouble getting another UK visa in the future or entering the UK next time.

Here is my advice. Stick to the days you have mentioned in your UK visa application. A few days more or less is fine. But staying months on your UK tourist visa will pretty much look like you “live in the UK” rather than “vacation/holiday”. 

Application procedure

The UK visa application is online. You must apply for the visa online at the UK Visas and Immigration website

Below are the steps you will go through for your UK tourist visa application

• Go to the UK Visas and Immigration website
• Select your preferred language, type of visa, your country, nearest visa application center, etc
• Create a login using email and password
• Complete in the application form
• Sign the declaration
• Pay visa fee
• Submit the application
• Download and print the submitted visa application form
• Make an appointment at your nearest UK visa application center
• Attend the appointment at your nearest UK visa application center
• Submit your passport, visa application and supporting documents at the visa application center
• If applying from the US, Australia or New Zealand, mail your passport, visa application and biometrics receipt to your nearest visa application center
• Pickup/receive the passport when the visa decision is made

Below are some of the information you will provide in the application form

• Your travel dates to the UK
• Your hotel address and telephone number in the UK
• Your total estimated cost for the trip
• Your present home address and how many years you’ve lived there
• Your parents’ names and their dates of birth
• Your annual income
• Your travel history for the past 10 years
• Your employer details including the address and telephone number

Documents required

The following are the documents required for UK visitor visa application 

• Completed online visa application form with GWF number
• A passport-size photo (optional)
• If employed – an employment letter on company letterhead indicating your length of employment, salary, role, etc.
• If self-employed – a business registration document indicating your business name, date of business, etc.
• If student – a letter from the school/university on the letterhead indicating your enrollment, leave of absence, etc.
• Proof of funds ( bank statements or payslips for the last 6 months)
• Proof of legal residence (if applying from a 3rd country. you must submit a copy of your visa or residence permit of that country)

Do you need flight tickets and hotel bookings for the UK visa application?

UKVI has stopped asking for flight tickets and hotel bookings for UK visa applications. But some nationalities are still being asked to submit flight tickets and hotel bookings.

When you complete your online UK visa application, you will see a checklist of documents to be uploaded. Check if you are asked to submit flight tickets and hotel bookings.

Even if you are asked to submit your flight tickets and hotel bookings, you should not book any flights/hotel until your UK visa is approved.

For flights, get a price quote from British Airways which can be used as a flight itinerary for your UK visa application. Visa ticket booking agencies such as DummyTicket offer flight itineraries for the UK visa for $19, valid for 2-3 weeks.

For hotel, book a refundable or pay at check-in hotel on booking.com or Expedia . Cancel the booking after your visa is approved.

For more options, check out my detailed flight itinerary and hotel reservation articles.

Photo requirements

A passport-size photo is only required if are exempt from biometrics. All tourist visa applicants MUST give their biometrics. Your fingerprints and digital photos are taken during your biometrics appointment.

Since all tourist visa applicants MUST give their biometrics, a passport-size photo is not required. But, I suggest bringing one with you on the day of your biometrics appointment just in case.

Visa application fee

The UK tourist visa application fee is £95 GBP. You will pay this fee in your local currency. Due to exchange rates, you may end up paying about £2 – £5 GBP more.

You can use the UK home office visa fee wizard to find out the exact visa fee that you would need to pay in your local currency. 

If you are applying for a long-term UK tourist visa, below is the visa fee for 2, 5 and 10-year tourist visas. 

• 2 years: £361 GBP
• 5 years: £655 GBP
• 10 years: £822 GBP

Visa appointment

As part of the online application process, you will be prompted to make a visa appointment at your nearest UK Visa Application Center . Visa Application Centers are run by either VFSGlobal or TLSContact in conjunction with UK Visas and Immigration.

On the day of the appointment, you will give your biometrics (fingerprints and photo) and submit your original documents. You must bring all your original documents along with one photocopy of each including your passport.

Applicants from the USA, Australia (Adelaide and Hobart only) and New Zealand

You must give your biometrics at your nearest Biometric Enrollment Center and later send/post your documents to the nearest UK Visa Application Center.

During your online UK visa application, you will be prompted to make a biometrics appointment at your nearest Biometric enrollment center.

• Biometric enrollment centers in the USA are run by the US Homeland Security.
• Biometric enrollment centers in Australia are run by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection.
• Biometric enrollment centers in New Zealand are run by Immigration New Zealand.

The biometrics appointment takes about 10-15 minutes. You will give your fingerprints and photo. You will receive an acknowledgment stamp on the biometric appointment confirmation.

You must then mail your original passport, visa application, biometric confirmation with the stamp, supporting documents and return postage to the UK Visa Application Center you have selected during your online visa application.

You will be notified via email when the UK Visa Application Center receives your documents.

Visa processing time

The UK tourist visa processing takes up to 3 weeks. There have been incidents where UKVI has taken over 2 months to process, especially when the visa applications are “not straightforward”.

UKVI considers a visa application “not straightforward” if additional information is required to process the visa. Additional information can be, verifying information, background check or requesting additional documents. UKVI usually notifies you in such cases and requests any additional documentation necessary.

Keeping such incidents in mind, ALWAYS apply for your UK visa at least 2 months prior to your travel.

If you have to travel sooner, you should purchase the “Priority Visa Service” while applying online. Or at least before you mail/submit your documents. This way your visa application will be processed within 5 working days.

PERSONAL EXPERIENCE When I applied for my UK visa, the visa processing time was about 2 weeks. I had a planned trip to Canada before my trip to the UK. My trip to Canada was in 4 weeks, so I thought I had enough time to apply for my UK visa. However after I submitted my passport, the email confirmation said the visa process would take up to 4 weeks. I panicked. I went ahead and paid for the priority visa service. I panicked again. Then I emailed a formal visa withdrawal request, so I could at least get my passport back and make my trip to Canada. However, my visa was processed within 2 days of paying the priority visa service fee. Please do not make the same mistake as I did. Apply for your UK visa at least 2 months prior to your travel.

Visa application status tracking

Online visa application tracking is NOT AVAILABLE on the UK Visas and Immigration website. To track your UK visa application status, you must use UK Visas and Immigration’s email or phone option, which unfortunately is NOT FREE.

UKVI charges for all phone and email inquiries. 

Below are UK Visa and Immigration phone, email details and charges.

PHONE Telephone: +44 2034811736 Available 24 hours from Monday to Friday Calls cost £1.37 per minute plus any international call charges

EMAIL Email communication must be initiated via Email UK Visas and Immigration Email inquiries cost £5.48. Follow-up emails after that are not charged. You will receive a response to your email within 2 working days.

You must give out your credit card information for billing when you start the phone inquiry. For email, you must fill out the payment form and then you can submit your email inquiry.

PERSONAL OPINION Email inquiries generally receive a standard response saying that your application is “in process”. Phone inquiries are slightly better and cheaper.

Priority visa service

If you would need to travel to the UK urgently, you can opt for the “Priority Visa Service”.  This service is expensive and may not be available in all countries. If available, you will see the option in your online UK visa application. 

• Priority visa service fee: £220 GBP
• Visa processing time: Guaranteed in 5 working days

Priority visa service must be purchased during your online visa application. This will ensure your visa is processed within 5 days.

Purchasing this service after you have submitted/mailed your documents will take much longer than 5 working days. You must first pay the fee on the Visa Application Center (VAC) website and then email the receipt to the Visa Application Center where you have submitted/sent your documents. It can take more than a day for the VAC staff to locate your packet and push it into the priority queue

PERSONAL EXPERIENCE I purchased my priority service after I had mailed my documents. My visa application was approved within two days of buying the priority visa service.

Super priority visa service

If you would need to travel to the UK immediately, you can opt for “Super Priority Visa Service”. This service comes with a hefty price tag, so purchase this service only in super urgent, emergency cases. 

• Super priority visa service fee: £956 GBP
• Visa processing time: Guaranteed in 24 hours

Cancel your UK visa application

If you haven’t given your biometrics at the visa application center yet, you can cancel your UK visa application and get a full refund of your visa fee. The procedure to cancel your UK visa application depends on at what stage your application is in.

Application not submitted and fee not paid : If you haven’t paid your fee and haven’t submitted your application, there is a “Delete Application” option that will delete your current visa application.

Application not submitted but fee already paid : If you have already paid your fee and have not yet submitted your application, you can still delete your application but you may have to send a formal refund request in writing to the visa application center.

Application submitted, fee paid but haven’t given your biometrics : If you haven’t given your biometrics at VFS/BLS, you can cancel your application and request for a refund. The refunds take 4 weeks. 

Application submitted, fee paid, biometric given , and documents/passport already submitted: If you have already given your biometrics and submitted your documents/passport, you CANNOT cancel your visa application anymore. You can only WITHDRAW your visa application. You must email the visa application center a formal withdrawal request. Upon receipt of the withdrawal request, the visa application center will return/mail your passport back. Any visa fee and priority service fee paid are not refundable. 

IMPORTANT Even though UKVI says the refunds are processed in 4 weeks, it usually takes 8 weeks or even longer. There have been instances where applicants waited several weeks and some even gave up on their refunds. However, I have seen applicants having success in getting their refunds by reminding UKVI with phone calls or emails. It costs about $5 USD to email them, but it helps in getting your refund eventually. 

Withdraw your UK visa application

The UK visa application center keeps the passport for the entirety of the visa process, which could be 3 weeks or more. There may be emergencies where you need to have your passport with you. The only way to request your passport back is by formally withdrawing your visa application. 

If you withdraw your application, the visa fee and any priority service fee you have paid are NOT refundable.

To withdraw a visa application, you must submit a withdrawal request along with the reason for the withdrawal to the visa application center via email. It might take up to 72 hours for the consulate to locate your packet and send it back to you.

You must first call/email the UK Visas and Immigration mentioning your intention to withdraw your application. They will guide you through the process of withdrawing your application. Usually, the UK visa application withdrawal request should be a signed document with personal information including the GWF number. This document must be printed and signed. It must be scanned and emailed to the visa application center. Below is a sample withdrawal request letter.

Dear Sir/Madam,

I hereby request to withdraw my UK visa application. I understand that the visa fee is non-refundable. I also understand that my package may not be shipped for up to 72 hours.

Full Name of the Applicant: <name> GWF Number: <GWF number> Date of Birth: <date of birth> Nationality: <Nationality> Country of Residence: <Country of residence> Passport number: <Passport number> Type of Visa Applied: General Visit (up to 6 months) Biometric taken date:  <biometric date> Visa application centre’s address:  <address of the visa application center where you have submitted your documents> Contact number of the applicant: <Your phone number>

Priority Service Paid: <YES/NO> Priority Service Paid On: <Priority service purchased date>

Reason for Withdrawal: Emergency international travel has been scheduled. I need to have my passport in order to travel. Please return my passport as soon as possible. Thank you!

<Your signature here> Signed: <Your full name> Date: <date>

IMPORTANT Cancellation or withdrawal is NOT a refusal. It WILL NOT affect your future UK visa applications. You don’t need to mention it in your future UK visa applications either.

ENTERING AND LEAVING THE UK

Entering the UK by air

At the immigration, the officers may ask you questions about your trip, how long you plan to stay, your next destination, etc. You may be asked to show your return/onward ticket and your hotel booking. If you are traveling on a one-way ticket, you can use OnwardTicket to get proof of your onward ticket. 

PERSONAL EXPERIENCE: The immigration officer at Heathrow Airport asked me to show my return/onward ticket. I had a print of my onward ticket, so quickly took it out and gave it to the immigration officer.

Leaving the UK by air

If you are flying out of Heathrow Airport, make sure to arrive early. The airport is huge and you may have to take a bus from the gate to the flight.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What is GWF number in UK visa application ?

GWF reference number is the unique visa application number that was provided to you on your visa application submission. You must provide your GWF number when calling or emailing UK Visas and Immigration. Without the GWF number, UK Visas and Immigration will not be able to provide you with a status update on your visa application.

What to do if my UK visa application is refused?

If your UK visa application is refused, the first thing is to understand the  reasons for your UK visa refusal . If the reason is due to missing information, proof of funds or documentation, make sure to fix these the next time you apply for your UK visa.

Write a detailed cover letter explaining the reasons for your previous visa refusal, missing information/documentation and any additional information/documentation that you have provided in the new application. This will help the ECOs cut to the chase and focus on the new information/documentation.

There is no “appeal” for UK visa. So, re-apply for your UK visa by making sure you have the new information, proofs and documents that were lacking previously. You must pay the visa fee again as the fee paid for your previous application was non-refundable.

If you do not know the reason for your visa refusal/denial, give at least 6 months before you apply for the visa again. 

Can I get my UK visa application fee refund if denied?

No. The visa fee and any priority service fee paid are non-refundable if your visa application is denied. The visa fee is also non-refundable in incidents where the visa is approved for less number of days than requested.

I’m planning to visit the UK and Schengen countries on a single trip. Should I apply for my UK visa first or Schengen visa first?

If you plan to visit the UK and Schengen countries on a single trip, ALWAYS apply for your UK visa first. 

UKVI keeps the passport for the entirety of the visa process and there is no visa status tracking. Calls and emails to customer service are charged. Even if you pay and contact, you will usually get a canned response. If your UK visa is refused, there is no “appeal”. You can only re-apply, which means you have to repeat the entire process again.

On the other hand, the Schengen visa application process is much streamlined. There is application tracking, customer service and appeal. 

I highly recommend applying for your UK visa first and get done with it. After that, apply for your Schengen visa. 

When applying for your UK visa, show a “UK-only” itinerary for your UK visa. This eliminates the need for submitting your Schengen visa, flights in/out of the Schengen region, etc. 

The UK tourist visa requirements are clear and easy to understand. But, the visa application process is long and expensive. Apply at least 2 months in advance, and follow all the proper steps and documentation. Tourist visas are usually multiple-entry with 6 months validity.

WRITTEN BY THIRUMAL MOTATI

Thirumal Motati is an expert in tourist visa matters. He has been traveling the world on tourist visas for more than a decade. With his expertise, he has obtained several tourist visas, including the most strenuous ones such as the US, UK, Canada, and Schengen, some of which were granted multiple times. He has also set foot inside US consulates on numerous occasions. Mr. Motati has uncovered the secrets to successful visa applications. His guidance has enabled countless individuals to obtain their visas and fulfill their travel dreams. His statements have been mentioned in publications like Yahoo, BBC, The Hindu, and Travel Zoo.

PLAN YOUR TRAVEL WITH VISA TRAVELER

I highly recommend using these websites to plan your trip. I use these websites myself to apply for my visas, book my flights and hotels and purchase my travel insurance.

01. Apply for your visa

Get a verifiable flight itinerary for your visa application from DummyTicket247 . DummyTicket247 is a flight search engine to search and book flight itineraries for visas instantly. These flight itineraries are guaranteed to be valid for 2 weeks and work for all visa applications.

02. Book your fight

Find the cheapest flight tickets using Skyscanner . Skyscanner includes all budget airlines and you are guaranteed to find the cheapest flight to your destination.

03. Book your hotel

Book your hotel from Booking.com . Booking.com has pretty much every hotel, hostel and guesthouse from every destination.

04. Get your onward ticket

If traveling on a one-way ticket, use BestOnwardTicket to get proof of onward ticket for just $12, valid for 48 hours.

05. Purchase your insurance

Purchase travel medical insurance for your trip from SafetyWing . Insurance from SafetyWing covers COVID-19 and also comes with a visa letter which you can use for your visas.

06. Get your zero-fee ATM card

You can manage money internationally in over 70 currencies using  Wise . With a Wise card, you can store and withdraw cash in 40 currencies with zero ATM fees. 

Need more? Check out my travel resources page  for the best websites to plan your trip.

LEGAL DISCLAIMER We are not affiliated with immigration, embassies or governments of any country. The content in this article is for educational and general informational purposes only, and shall not be understood or construed as, visa, immigration or legal advice. Your use of information provided in this article is solely at your own risk and you expressly agree not to rely upon any information contained in this article as a substitute for professional visa or immigration advice. Under no circumstance shall be held liable or responsible for any errors or omissions in this article or for any damage you may suffer in respect to any actions taken or not taken based on any or all of the information in this article. Please refer to our full disclaimer for further information.

AFFILIATE DISCLOSURE This post may contain affiliate links, which means we may receive a commission, at no extra cost to you, if you make a purchase through a link. Please refer to our full disclosure for further information.

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Do you need a visa to go to the United Kingdom?

Jun 25, 2022 • 3 min read

Here's the visa info you need for a visit to Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland © Andrew Merry / Getty Images

Traveling between England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland reveals both the shared culture and distinct local flavors that contribute to the UK . Save for the occasional inconvenience of long lines at passport control and security, entering and leaving the UK was fairly straightforward in the past. Now, due to Brexit, information on visa requirements has changed for EU citizens and immigration restrictions are often on the news in the UK. It's essential to check with your local British embassy, high commission or consulate before leaving home.

What you need to know about visas in the UK

The UK government has a handy online guide to help you check if you need a UK visa . Britain is not a member of the Schengen Zone, so you will need to show your passport when arriving and leaving from a UK border point.

Visas are generally not needed for stays of up to six months for tourism or visiting friends and family. This applies to citizens of the EEA (European Economic Area) nations, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Japan, Israel, and the USA.

Following Brexit, the EU Settlement Scheme is the system that EU citizens who are already living in the UK need to follow, but there is also a family permit you can apply for if you’re a family member of someone from the EU, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland or Liechtenstein. ​​It lets you come to the UK for up to 6 months. You can work and study, and come and go as many times as you want before the permit expires.

Anyone wishing to work, do business or academic research in the UK will need to apply for a visa, as will students wishing to study for longer than six months. The Youth Mobility Scheme , for Australian, Canadian, Japanese, Hong Kong, Monégasque, New Zealand, Sammarinese and Icelandic citizens aged 18 to 30, allows working visits of up to two years, but must be applied for in advance. Those coming from Hong Kong (if you have a SAR passport), Japan, South Korea and Taiwan must be selected in the Youth Mobility Scheme ballot before they can apply.

Tourists from China, India, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and many other destinations , will need to apply for the Standard Visitor visa . It lasts six months, costs £100 and must be applied for online in advance of travel. A decision is usually provided within three weeks. Applications to extend your stay must be made before your visa runs out, but there are strict limitations. If you know you want to be in the UK beyond six months, it's best to apply for the more costly long-term Standard Visitor visa, which lasts for two (£376), five (£670) or ten (£837) years.

Commonwealth citizens with a UK-born parent may be eligible for Right of Abode , which entitles them to live and work in the UK. You can only get the right to abode through marriage if you’re a female Commonwealth citizen. Commonwealth citizens with a UK-born grandparent could qualify for a UK Ancestry visa, allowing them to work full-time for up to five years in the UK. You should get a decision on your visa within three weeks when applying from outside the UK and the fee is £531.

British immigration authorities have always been tough; you may be required to demonstrate proof of onward travel or an outbound departure date (for example, a flight booking home), and possibly evidence that you have sufficient funds to support yourself while in Britain.

This article was first published March 2021 and updated June 2022

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What are you looking for, visa and immigration information.

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What documents will I need?

Planning a visit to Britain but not sure what documents you’ll need? Find key information on passport requirements, visas and Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) below. Detailed guidance can also be found on the official government website .

West Midlands Growth Company

EU, EEA and Swiss nationals

Some entry requirements changed for EU, EEA and Swiss nationals, post Brexit.

Most travellers from the EU, EEA and Switzerland will require a passport to enter Britain and Northern Ireland. Your passport will need to be valid for your entire stay here. 

Some, but not all visitors can use an EU, EEA or Swiss national ID to enter Britain and Northern Ireland until at least 31 December 2025. Check gov.uk website for who is eligible.

Common Travel Areas

For those in the Common Travel Areas (known as Britain and Northern Ireland, the rest of Ireland, and Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man), please see here for the  different document requirements .

The rest of the world

You must have a valid passport to enter Britain and Northern Ireland, and it should be valid for the whole duration of your stay.

Most people coming to visit Britain and Northern Ireland will need a visa. To discover whether you need one or not depends on why you’re visiting and your nationality. 

You’ll have to either:

Apply for a standard Visitor Visa. There is a cost for this, and it must be applied for three months before travel.

Be able to visit Britain and Northern Ireland for six months without needing a visa.

You can check which applies to you .

More information on short-stay visas can be found on the official government website.

Electronic Travel Authorisation

By the end of 2024, Electronic Travel Authorisation will be a requirement worldwide for visitors who do not currently need a visa for short stays. More information on the ETA scheme can be found on the official government website.

Until the introduction of the ETA, most travellers from the EU, EEA and Switzerland won’t require a visa but will still need their passport to enter Britain and Northern Ireland. Your passport will need to be valid for your entire stay.

VisitBritain/Tomo Brejc

If you’re an EU, EEA or Swiss citizen, you can find the most up-to-date information on visiting Britain and Northern Ireland on the official government website .

American, Canadian and Australian tourists, and citizens of certain Commonwealth countries, can travel visa-free throughout Britain and Northern Ireland, providing you have a valid passport and your reason for visiting meets the immigration rules .

The Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) scheme started to replace the electronic visa waiver from late 2023:

• From 15 November 2023, nationals of Qatar require an ETA to travel to the UK.
• From 22 February 2024, nationals of Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia and the UAE require an ETA to travel to the UK. The ETA scheme is now open for applications from nationals of these countries.
• More countries will be added to the scheme at a later date.

An ETA will cost £10 per application when the scheme opens, will permit multiple journeys and be valid for two years or until the holder’s passport expires - whichever is sooner.

More information on the new ETA scheme can be found via the official government website.

For nationals of all other countries, you can check if you need a UK visa here.

Immigration applications

Please note that www.GOV.UK is the only official UK immigration website and provides all of the information necessary to successfully complete an application.

We have received reports of customers using non-GOV.UK websites to support their UK immigration applications. If you have made use of these websites, please be aware of the following:

• Some non-GOV.UK websites deliberately attempt to deceive customers by making it appear as though they are an official part of the application process.
• These websites can pose a risk to a customer’s security and data.
• They will often charge applicants extra, unnecessary fees in addition to any fees related to the official immigration application.
• The information included on these websites is not moderated by the Home Office and may be inaccurate or misleading.

If you think you may have been a victim of a non-GOV.UK website seeking your data and/or money, please report this to Reporting fraud and cyber crime | Action Fraud .

• 02074940118
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Documents Required for UK Visitor Visa

• Anne Morris
• 23 August 2020

IN THIS SECTION

When filing an application for a visitor visa with UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI), there are numerous documents that you will need to submit to evidence your eligibility. Failure to provide adequate or required documentation risks your application being delayed or refused. The following guide for visa applicants examines the eligibility criteria and the documents required for your UK visitor visa application.

What is the UK visitor visa?

If you are national of a non-European Economic Area (EEA) country or Switzerland and you would like to visit the UK for the purposes of business or pleasure you will probably need to apply for a standard visitor visa.

In particular, you will need to apply for a standard visitor visa if you would like to visit the UK for the following reasons:

• For leisure purposes, such as going on holiday or visiting family
• For a business trip, such as attending various meetings
• To take part in a sporting or creative event
• To undergo private medical treatment

If you are granted a UK visitor visa you will usually be permitted to stay in the UK for a period of up to 6 months. However, in the event that you intend to visit the UK regularly over a longer period, you can apply for what’s known as a long-term visitor visa that lasts for either 2, 5 or 10 years. Under a long-term visa you can stay for a maximum of 6 months on each visit.

That said, even where you are granted a long-term visitor visa, you will not be permitted to undertake paid employment in the UK or enrol on a full-time course of study. Further, under any type of standard visitor visa, you must not intend to access medical treatment other than private medical treatment, or to marry or form a civil partnership, or to give notice of this in the UK.

What are the eligibility criteria?

The rules relating to the UK visitor visa are set out under Appendix V of the Immigration Rules. These rules set out, amongst other things, the standard eligibility criteria for all non-EEA visitors.

To be eligible for a visitor visa you must satisfy the following requirements:

• You will leave the UK by the end of your permitted stay
• You have enough money without recourse to public UK funds to support and provide accommodation for yourself
• You can pay for your return or onward journey

You will also need to provide proof of the purpose for your visit, for example, the nature of any business or tourist activities, not least because you will need to satisfy UKVI that you are genuinely seeking entry to the UK for a purpose permitted under the visitor route.

Where you are applying for a long-term visitor visa, you will also need to demonstrate that you will not reside in the UK for extended periods through frequent or successive stays, or try to make the UK your main home.

Which documents are required for the UK visitor visa?

First and foremost, when submitting an application for a UK visitor visa, you will need to provide UKVI with a current passport or other valid travel document. This is a mandatory requirement. You will need a blank page in your passport for your visitor visa, and your passport should remain valid for the entire period of your stay in the UK, ie; for up to six months.

You may also want to provide any expired passports or travel documents to evidence your previous travel history, especially where you are applying for a long-term visitor visa and don’t want to risk being perceived as an applicant who is likely to use a visitor visa in an attempt to set up home in the UK.

You will also need to provide documentary evidence in support of the purpose for your visit, as well as each of the eligibility criteria, namely that you will leave at the end of your visit and you have enough money to support yourself during your stay in the UK, as well as for your return or onward journey.

Purpose of your visit

The nature of your visit to the UK will determine the nature and extent of the documentation that you will need to provide here. As a starting point, you should provide a detailed travel itinerary.

If you are coming to the UK for the purpose of undertaking business activities, you will need to provide documentary evidence of your employment or occupation outside the UK, for example, a letter from your employer that specifies the business reason for your visit. You should also provide any letters from inviting organisations, and so on, to evidence your attendance at any meetings or conferences, etc.

By way of further example, if you are coming to the UK to undergo private medical treatment, you will need to prove that you suffer from a medical condition that requires private consultation or treatment in the UK and that you have made or paid for arrangements for a consultation or treatment.

As such, you will need to provide a letter from your doctor or consultant in the UK that includes details of the condition requiring treatment or consultation, the estimated cost and duration of treatment and details of where that treatment or consultation will take place.

You will also need to demonstrate that you have enough money to pay for all of this, in addition to supporting yourself during your stay in the UK, and for your return or onward journey (see below).

Intention to leave

As part of the criteria for any temporary visa, you must show an intention to leave the UK at the end of your visit. As such, you will need to provide documentation of any personal, professional and economic ties outside the UK, including confirmation of your legal residence, as well as details of any employment or studies where you have stated in your application that you are either employed or in full-time education.

This could include an official letter from your employer, printed on company headed paper, detailing your role, salary and length of employment or a letter from your education provider confirming your enrolment and leave of absence.

Sufficient funds

In respect of proving that you have sufficient funds to support and accommodate yourself while in the UK, you will need to provide proof of earnings or savings by way of wage slips and/or bank statements etc.

You may also rely on evidence that the necessary financial support will be provided by a third party. You can prove this with a written undertaking from your ‘sponsor’ ie relative, friend, business associate. There must however be a genuine personal or professional relationship and the financial support has to be available to you for the duration of your planned stay in the UK.

There is no set threshold or level of funds required to prove you have enough money to live on during your stay in the UK, but it is sensible to calculate and be able to show that the funds you are relying on, such as income and/savings, are sufficient to cover your existing financial commitments as well as the likely costs you will incur while in the UK without undertaking paid employment or accessing public funds.

The evidence of funds must also include the cost of your return or onward travel arrangements and any costs relating to dependants who will be travelling with you to the UK.

Document formats

All documents submitted in support of an application for a UK visitor visa must be originals rather than photocopies. They must also be in English. If any documentation is not in English, you must provide the original and a full translation that has been independently verified.

Each translated document must contain the following:

• confirmation from the translator that it is an accurate translation of the original document
• the date of the translation
• the translator’s full name and signature
• their contact details

It is also important to remember that even where documentation is submitted in the correct format, this does not necessarily guarantee your application for a UK visitor visa will be successful. Much will still depend on whether UKVI is satisfied that you have met all of the eligibility criteria and that the stated purpose for your visit to the UK is legitimate.

UKVI will assess your credibility and intentions to visit the UK based on the information contained within your application and the documentation submitted in support. Needless to say, UKVI must be satisfied that you are a genuine visitor based on all of this evidence in its totality.

If you refuse to give biometric information, your immigration application will be rejected and it could lead to your deportation from the UK.

How to submit the documents required for a UK visitor visa

Having submitted your online application for a visitor visa from outside the UK, you will be given instructions on how to file your documentation in support. Typically, you will be required to make an appointment at a visa application centre in your country of residence to provide your biometric information, ie; a scan of your fingerprints and digital photograph of your face.

At the appointment, you will also need to submit the necessary documents. The document checklist in your application will explain what to provide.

In the event that you fail to provide one of the recommended documents, this is not, of itself, an automatic ground for refusal, but any failure to provide sufficient evidence in support of your application may lead to a finding that you have not met all of the eligibility criteria.

Please note, some visa application centres may need to keep your passport and other documentation while they process your application.

Refused visitor visa application?

In the event that you fail to submit the necessary documentation in support of your application for a UK visitor visa, or the documents that you submit are not in the correct format, you run the risk of your application being delayed or refused by UKVI and your application fee being non-refundable.

Needless to say, in the event that an applicant for a UK visitor visa is caught submitting falsified documents, or you have otherwise provided false or incomplete information to UKVI, this will constitute a ground for refusal.

If the application is refused, there is no right of appeal against a refusal of a visit visa. The notification letter will detail the grounds for refusal. It is possible to make a new application for a visit visa, but applicants should ensure their new submission addresses the reasons for refusal through, for example, additional information, documentation and evidence.

Documents to travel with?

Even if you are successfully granted a UK visitor visa, this does not necessarily guarantee that you will be allowed into the UK. You may still be refused entry by border officials in the event that they are not satisfied that the reason for your visit is genuine, or that you plan to engage in activities that are prohibited under this route.

As such, in addition to the documentation submitted in support of your application for a UK visitor visa, you should always carry with you some documentary proof of the purpose for your trip.

By way of example, a tourist should have proof of where they are staying, with whom and any travel itinerary, whereas a business visitor should provide proof of any meetings or other business-related activities that they plan to undertake.

It is also sensible to carry some documentary evidence that you have sufficient funds to support yourself during your stay in the UK and that you intend to return to your country of residence. Again this should include proof of your earnings and any savings, as well as evidence of any personal, professional and economic ties to your country of residence.

Need assistance?

DavidsonMorris are experienced UK immigration specialists offering guidance and support to individuals in relation to their UK immigration status and making Home Office applications. We can advise on the eligibility criteria you will need to evidence and the process you will need to follow for your application. We can also help where you have dependants applying for permission to join you in the UK.

For specialist UK immigration advice, contact us .

Last updated: 20 August 2020

About DavidsonMorris

As employer solutions lawyers, DavidsonMorris offers a complete and cost-effective capability to meet employers’ needs across UK immigration and employment law, HR and global mobility .

Led by Anne Morris, one of the UK’s preeminent immigration lawyers, and with rankings in The Legal 500 and Chambers & Partners , we’re a multi-disciplinary team helping organisations to meet their people objectives, while reducing legal risk and nurturing workforce relations.

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• Immigration

UK Visitor Visa Requirements: How to Obtain a UK Tourist Visa

To obtain a uk visitor visa, there are specific requirements that need to be met. these include providing proof of purpose of visit, financial stability, and return plans. it is essential to understand the uk visitor visa requirements before applying for a tourist visa..

Key Takeaways:

• Find out if you need a UK Visitor Visa based on your nationality or current visas to other regions.
• Follow a step-by-step guide to obtain a UK Tourist Visa, including determining the visa type and gathering necessary documents.
• Stay informed, provide accurate information, and apply early to ensure a smooth application process for a UK Visitor Visa.

Understanding UK Visitor Visa Requirements

Visiting the United Kingdom can be an exhilarating experience, filled with historic sites, cultural events, and scenic landscapes. Before packing your bags, it’s crucial to understand the essentials of obtaining a UK tourist visa. In this guide, we’ll cover the key requirements and provide a streamlined approach to ensure your entry into the UK is as smooth as your travels.

Who Needs a UK Visitor Visa?

While some travelers may be exempt due to their nationality or current visas for other regions like the European Union, many will need a UK visitor visa to enter the country. It’s important to check the latest information on the UK government’s official website to verify if you need a visa based on your specific circumstances.

Step-by-Step Guide to Obtaining a UK Tourist Visa

To ensure a successful application, it’s essential to thoroughly understand and meet the UK visitor visa requirements. Here’s a breakdown to guide you through the process:

1. Determine Your Visa Type

There are various visas available for those looking to visit the UK. If you’re planning a holiday, visiting family, or a short business trip, the standard visitor visa is likely the appropriate choice.

Also of Interest:

Indian students launch ‘fair visa, fair chance’ campaign in the uk, latest uk visa rules for family and work migration, 2. gather necessary documentation.

The UK Home Office requires several documents to process your visa application. These typically include:

• A valid passport or travel document with at least one blank page.
• Proof of financial means to cover your stay in the UK, such as bank statements or payslips.
• Details about your accommodation and travel plans.
• Additional documents may be required depending on your employment status or the purpose of your visit.

3. Apply Online

Applications for UK visitor visas are generally made online. You’ll need to fill out the application form accurately and submit it along with your supporting documentation.

4. Pay the Visa Fee

The visa application requires payment of a fee, which varies depending on how long you plan to stay in the UK. Make sure you have the necessary funds to cover this cost.

5. Schedule and Attend an Appointment

After submitting your application, you’ll need to book an appointment at your local visa application center. During this appointment, you will provide your fingerprints and a photograph.

6. Await the Decision

Processing times for visas can vary greatly, so apply well in advance of your travel date. You can check the processing times on the official [UK Visa and Immigration website](https://www.gov.uk/browse/visas-immigration tourist-visas).

7. Collect Your Visa

If your application is successful, you’ll either receive your visa by mail or you’ll need to pick it up from the application center.

Helpful Tips for a Smooth Application Process

• Double-check your application: Ensure all information is correct and matches the details in your travel documents.
• Provide evidence of ties to your home country: This can include employment details, property ownership, or family ties, illustrating your intent to return after your visit.
• Be transparent: If you’ve been denied a visa before, be truthful about it and provide details as to why it happened.
• Apply early: As mentioned, visa processing times can be lengthy; applying in advance can mitigate potential delays.

Staying Informed and Prepared

Immigration laws and visa requirements can change, so it’s critical to stay up to date with the most current information before and during the application process. Consulting the UK Visas and Immigration guide gives you access to official advice and updates.

By following these guidelines and understanding the UK visitor visa requirements, aspiring travelers can apply for their visas with confidence. With the right preparation and attention to detail, obtaining a UK tourist visa is a manageable process, paving the way for an enjoyable visit to the United Kingdom.

Expert Insights

Did you know.

• Historical Context: The United Kingdom has a long history of immigration. During the Roman period, people from all across the Roman Empire migrated to Britain. In more recent history, immigration from former colonies such as India, Pakistan, and Jamaica significantly contributed to the multicultural society that exists in the UK today.

Commonwealth Immigration Act 1968: The Commonwealth Immigration Act was introduced in the UK in the late 1960s and aimed to restrict the immigration of Commonwealth citizens. This law was implemented due to concerns over increasing immigration numbers and rising unemployment rates.

The Windrush Generation: The Windrush Generation refers to the people who arrived in the UK from the Caribbean between 1948 and 1971 in response to labor shortages after World War II. They were named after the ship MV Empire Windrush, which brought the first wave of Caribbean immigrants to the UK. Many of these individuals faced significant challenges, including immigration status issues, during their time in the country.

EU Freedom of Movement: Under the EU’s free movement policy, citizens of EU member states have the right to live, work, or study in any other member country. This means that individuals from EU countries can travel to and reside in the UK without the need for a visa, allowing for seamless movement within the European Union.

Points-Based System: The UK introduced a points-based immigration system in 2008. This system assesses applicants based on various criteria, such as education, work experience, and English language proficiency, to determine their eligibility for a visa. The system aims to prioritize immigrants who fill skill shortages in the UK labor market.

Asylum Seekers : The UK is one of the top destinations for asylum seekers in Europe. In recent years, the number of people seeking asylum in the UK has increased, with the highest number of applications coming from countries such as Iran, Iraq, and Sudan.

Citizenship by Descent: The UK allows individuals to claim British citizenship if they can prove that they have a parent or grandparent who was born in the UK. This provision, known as citizenship by descent, allows eligible individuals to obtain British citizenship based on their ancestral connections to the country.

Irish Nationals: Irish citizens have a unique status in the UK due to the Common Travel Area agreement. This agreement allows for the free movement of people between the UK and the Republic of Ireland, granting Irish nationals the right to live, work, and access public services in the UK without any immigration restrictions.

Naturalization Requirements: To become a British citizen through naturalization, applicants must meet several requirements, including passing the Life in the UK Test, demonstrating English language proficiency, and meeting residency criteria. The naturalization process provides an opportunity for individuals who have been residing in the UK for an extended period to become full British citizens.

Contributions of Immigrants: Immigrants have played a significant role in shaping the UK’s cultural, social, and economic landscape. They have contributed to various sectors of society, including healthcare, technology, arts, and sports, enriching the country’s diversity and fostering innovation and growth.

These lesser-known facts shed light on the historical, legal, and cultural dimensions of immigration in the United Kingdom. Understanding these aspects helps to provide a broader context for visitors and residents alike, fostering a deeper appreciation for the country’s diverse and ever-evolving immigration landscape.

Learn today

Glossary or Definitions

• UK Visitor Visa: A visa issued by the United Kingdom government to individuals who wish to visit the country for tourism, visiting family or friends, or short-term business trips.

Nationality: A person’s legal relationship with a particular country, determined by birth, descent, or naturalization. Nationality defines an individual’s rights and obligations in a particular country.

European Union (EU): A political and economic union of 27 member states located primarily in Europe. The EU allows for the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people among its member countries.

UK Home Office: A government department responsible for immigration, border control, law enforcement, and security within the United Kingdom.

Passport: An official travel document issued by a country’s government that certifies the identity and nationality of the holder. Passports are required for international travel and serve as proof of identity when entering a foreign country.

Blank Page: An unused page in a passport without any stamps, visas, or travel endorsements. Most countries require a certain number of blank pages in a passport for visa issuance and immigration purposes.

Proof of Financial Means: Documentation demonstrating that the visa applicant has sufficient funds to cover their expenses during their stay in the United Kingdom. This may include bank statements, payslips, or evidence of sponsorship.

Accommodation: A place where a person stays temporarily, such as a hotel, guesthouse, or the home of a relative or friend. For a UK visitor visa, applicants must provide details of their planned accommodation in the UK.

Travel Plans: Itinerary or details of the intended travel activities and destinations within the United Kingdom. This may include flight reservations, hotel bookings, or a planned schedule of sightseeing.

Employment Status: The current working condition or situation of an individual, such as employed, self-employed, unemployed, or retired. The applicant’s employment status may affect the documentation required for a UK visitor visa.

Visa Fee: A payment required when submitting a visa application. The amount of the fee varies depending on the type and duration of the visa being applied for.

Visa Application Center: An official facility where visa applicants are required to attend an appointment, submit their biometric data (fingerprints and photograph), and provide any additional documents or information as needed.

Processing Times: The length of time it takes for the UK Visas and Immigration office to review and make a decision on a visa application. Processing times can vary, so it is advisable to apply well in advance of the intended travel date.

Transparency: Being open, honest, and forthcoming in providing information and details during the visa application process. Applicants should disclose any previous visa denials or refusals and provide accurate information to avoid potential complications.

Ties to Home Country: Evidence or documentation that demonstrates an applicant’s strong connections and commitments to their home country, such as employment, property ownership, family relationships, or other social or economic ties. This helps to establish the applicant’s intention to return home after the visit to the UK.

Immigration Laws: The legal framework and regulations governing the entry, stay, and removal of foreign nationals in a country. Immigration laws define the rights, responsibilities, and requirements for individuals wishing to visit or settle in a particular country.

Official Advice: Information and guidance provided by the government or authorized agencies regarding immigration processes, visa requirements, and changes in immigration policies and procedures. It is important to consult official advice to ensure accurate and up-to-date information.

Updates: The latest information or changes in rules, regulations, or requirements regarding immigration and visa processes. It is essential to stay informed about updates to avoid any misunderstandings or difficulties during the application process.

So there you have it, my intrepid travelers! That wraps up our guide to understanding UK visitor visa requirements. Remember, it’s all about gathering the right documents, filling out that online application, and staying up to date with any changes in the rules. And if you want even more visa-related goodies, be sure to check out visaverge.com. Happy travels, and may you soon be sipping tea with the Queen!

FAQ’s to know:

FAQ 1: Who needs a UK visitor visa?

Answer: To enter the United Kingdom, many travelers need a UK visitor visa. However, exemptions are possible based on nationality or existing visas for other regions like the European Union. To determine if you need a visa, it is crucial to check the information provided on the UK government’s official website or consult with relevant authorities.

FAQ 2: What are the steps to obtain a UK tourist visa?

Answer: To obtain a UK tourist visa, follow these steps:

• Determine your visa type: Choose the appropriate visa based on the purpose of your visit.
• Gather necessary documentation: Prepare documents such as a valid passport, proof of financial means, accommodation and travel plans, and additional documents depending on your circumstances.
• Apply online: Fill out the application form accurately and submit it along with the required supporting documents.
• Pay the visa fee: Ensure you have the necessary funds to cover the visa application fee, which varies depending on the duration of your stay.
• Schedule and attend an appointment: Book an appointment at your local visa application center to provide your fingerprints and a photograph.
• Await the decision: Processing times vary, so it’s important to apply well in advance of your travel date. Check the processing times on the official UK Visa and Immigration website.
• Collect your visa: If your application is successful, you will either receive your visa by mail or need to pick it up from the application center.

FAQ 3: What are some helpful tips for a smooth UK visitor visa application process?

Answer: To ensure a smooth UK visitor visa application process, consider the following tips:

• Double-check your application details: Accuracy is crucial, so review and verify all information provided in your application form.
• Provide evidence of ties to your home country: Illustrate your intent to return after your visit by including evidence such as employment details, property ownership, or family ties.
• Be transparent about previous visa denials: If you have been denied a visa before, be truthful about it and provide explanations for the previous denial.
• Apply early: Visa processing times can vary, so it is advisable to apply well in advance to avoid potential delays.

By following these tips and understanding the UK visitor visa requirements outlined in the guide, you can improve your chances of a successful visa application and enjoy your visit to the United Kingdom.

What did you learn? Answer below to know:

• True or False: All travelers visiting the United Kingdom require a UK visitor visa.
• Which document is NOT typically required for a UK visitor visa application? a) Valid passport b) Proof of financial means c) Employment contract d) Accommodation and travel plans details
• What is a recommended tip for a smooth UK visitor visa application process? a) Provide evidence of ties to your home country b) Apply on the day of your planned travel c) Withhold information about past visa denials d) Check the official UK government website after submitting the application

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15 Documents Required for UK Visitor Visa in 2024

What are the types of uk visitor visas.

The UK offers a range of visitor visas tailored to different purposes of visit. While the general requirements might be similar, it’s essential to apply for the right category:

• Tourist Visa: For those visiting the UK for leisure, holidays, or sightseeing.
• Business Visa: Designed for individuals attending business meetings, conferences, or seminars.
• Family Visitor Visa: For visitors who intend to stay with family members residing in the UK.
• Child Visitor Visa: Specifically for children under 18 visiting the UK.

Remember to ensure your activities in the UK align with the visa category you’ve applied for to avoid any legal complications.

UK Visitor Visa Documents Check-List

1. visa application form vaf1a.

This is the primary application form for all visitors to the UK. It must be correctly filled out, detailing the purpose of your visit, personal details, and other relevant information.

2. Valid Passport

• Must be valid for the entire duration of your stay in the UK.
• At least one blank page on both sides for the visa stamp.

3. Two Passport-Sized Photographs

• Adhering to the UK visa photo specifications: 45mm high x 35mm wide, not framed, with a light grey or plain cream background.

4. Proof of Accommodation

• Hotel booking confirmation.
• If staying with a family or friend: a letter of invitation with their address and contact details. It’s helpful if they also provide a copy of their passport and proof of address, such as a utility bill.

5. Proof of Funds

This is to show that you can support yourself during your visit without accessing public funds.

• Recent bank statements (typically covering the last six months).
• Pay slips from your employer.
• Proof of earnings through tax returns, business bank statements, or business accounts if self-employed.

6. Details of Employment or Studies

• If employed: A letter from your employer granting leave of absence. The letter should also confirm how long you have been employed with the company and the date you are expected to return to work.
• If self-employed: Business registration documents and tax returns.
• If a student: A letter from your educational institution confirming your enrolment and granting leave of absence.

7. Travel Itinerary

• Detailed travel plans, including the date of entry and exit from the UK.
• Confirmed flight ticket bookings.

8. Travel Insurance

A comprehensive travel insurance policy that covers the entirety of your stay in the UK. It should include coverage for medical emergencies.

9. Additional Documents Depending on the Purpose of Visit

• Business: Invitation letter from the UK company, details of the company’s activities, and evidence of business activities in your home country.
• Medical Treatment: Letter from a doctor or consultant detailing the medical condition and treatment required, along with proof of pre-arranged services at the medical facility.
• Academic Visit: Invitation from the UK academic institution, details of the course/research, and evidence of academic qualifications.
• Marriage: Proof of wedding arrangements, like booking confirmations of the venue.

10. Proof of Ties to Home Country

This is to demonstrate your intention to return after your visit.

• Property deeds or mortgage statements.
• A detailed letter explaining any other personal or financial circumstances that indicate your ties to your home country.

11. Previous Travel History

If you have them, provide your old passports to demonstrate your travel history. This often works in your favor, showing you have returned from other trips abroad, implying you are less of a risk to overstay.

12. Tuberculosis (TB) Test Results

If you’re from a country where taking a TB test is mandatory before coming to the UK for more than six months, you must include these results.

13. Payment Receipt of Visa Fee

Ensure you provide proof of the visa application fee payment.

14. Criminal Record Certificate

If you have been convicted of any crimes, you must provide a certificate from the country in which you were convicted.

15. Translation of Non-English Documents

Any document that isn’t in English or Welsh needs to be accompanied by a certified translation. This includes the details of the translator or translation company.

4 Tips for a Successful Application

Applying for a UK visitor visa can seem daunting. But with the right preparation and understanding of the process, you can improve your chances of success. Here are some tips to help you through:

• Stay Organized: Compile all necessary documents in a neat and systematic manner. Use clear folders and label them accordingly. An organized application is easier to process and leaves a positive impression.
• Read Carefully: Make sure to thoroughly read and understand the visa guidelines. This can prevent common mistakes, such as missing documents or incorrect information.
• Write a Clear Cover Letter: Your cover letter should succinctly explain the purpose of your visit, ensuring it aligns with the category of visa you’re applying for.
• Authenticity is Key: Always provide genuine documents. Fabricated or misleading information can lead to immediate rejection and possibly further complications in future applications.

What Is The Duration and Extension Policy of the Visitor Visa?

The standard UK visitor visa typically allows travelers to stay in the UK for up to 6 months. However, it’s crucial to note the following:

• Multiple Visits: If you have a multiple entry visa, you can leave and come back to the UK multiple times within the validity period, but your total stay shouldn’t exceed 6 months.
• Extensions: In exceptional circumstances, one might need to extend their stay beyond the allotted time. Extensions are usually given for medical reasons or if there’s a compelling reason related to a business visit. You should apply for an extension before your current visa expires.

What Is The UK Visitor Visa Processing Time?

Understanding how long it might take to process your visa application can help you plan your trip better. Here’s what you should know:

• Standard Time: Typically, the UK visitor visa application is processed within 3 weeks of submission. However, during peak travel times or due to unforeseen circumstances, it might take longer.
• Expedited Services: For those in a hurry, the UK does offer priority and super-priority services for an additional fee. The priority service aims to process your visa within 5 working days, while the super-priority service offers a next-day decision.

What Are The Rights and Restrictions on a Visitor Visa?

Having a UK visitor visa allows you certain privileges and also comes with restrictions:

• Rights: You can generally participate in tourist activities, attend meetings or conferences, undergo elective medical treatments, and even partake in short recreational courses.
• Restrictions: Visitor visa holders are typically prohibited from taking on employment in the UK, accessing public funds, or staying beyond the duration stipulated on their visa. Additionally, engaging in activities not covered by your visa category could result in penalties or deportation.

Understanding these rights and restrictions ensures that you stay compliant with UK immigration laws during your visit.

How Long Can I Stay in the UK on a Visitor Visa?

On a UK visitor visa, you can typically stay in the UK for up to 6 months. However, there are specific circumstances to consider:

• Standard Duration : Most visitor visas are granted for a period of 6 months.
• Long-term Visitor Visas : For frequent travelers, long-term visitor visas are available, allowing multiple entries over 2, 5, or 10 years. Each stay, however, should not exceed 6 months.
• Specific Visas : Some specific types of visitor visas, like medical treatment or academic visitor visas, may have different durations.

It’s important to adhere strictly to the duration of stay granted on your visa to avoid overstaying and potential future entry issues.

Can I Switch to Another Visa Category While on a Visitor Visa in the UK?

Switching to another visa category while on a visitor visa in the UK is typically not permitted. Considerations include:

• Return Requirement : You are usually required to leave the UK and apply for a different visa from your home country or country of residence.
• Exceptions : Very few exceptions exist, and these are subject to strict criteria.
• Compliance : Staying in the UK beyond the terms of your visitor visa or attempting to switch to a different visa category without leaving the country can result in immigration violations.

If you believe your circumstances warrant a different visa type, it’s advisable to consult with UK immigration services or a legal expert.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can i attend job interviews on a visitor visa.

Yes, attending job interviews is permissible under a visitor visa, but you cannot undertake employment in the UK with it.

Is it possible to extend my visitor visa from within the UK?

In most circumstances, a visitor visa cannot be extended beyond the 6-month limit. However, there can be exceptional cases, such as medical emergencies, where a short extension might be granted.

Are there any restrictions on multiple entries to the UK on a visitor visa?

The standard UK visitor visa is multi-entry, meaning you can leave and re-enter the UK multiple times during its validity. But remember, the total stay should not exceed the duration granted, usually 6 months.

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United Kingdom

Travel Advisory July 26, 2023

United kingdom - level 2: exercise increased caution.

Reissued with obsolete COVID-19 page links removed.

Exercise increased caution in the United Kingdom due to terrorism.

Country Summary:  Terrorist groups continue plotting possible attacks in the United Kingdom. Terrorists may attack with little or no warning, targeting tourist locations, transportation hubs, markets/shopping malls, local government facilities, hotels, clubs, restaurants, places of worship, parks, major sporting and cultural events, educational institutions, airports, and other public areas.

There is also a risk of isolated violence by dissident groups in Northern Ireland, focused primarily on police and military targets.

Read the  country information page  for additional information on travel to the United Kingdom.

If you decide to travel to the United Kingdom:

• Be aware of your surroundings when traveling to tourist locations and crowded public venues.
• Follow the instructions of local authorities.
• Monitor local media for breaking events and adjust your plans based on new information.
• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program  ( STEP ) to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and Twitter.com/Travelgov
• Review the  Country Security Report  for the United Kingdom.
• Visit the CDC page for the latest  Travel Health Information  related to your travel and return to the United States.
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .

Embassy Messages

View Alerts and Messages Archive

Quick Facts

Must be valid for the duration of your stay in the United Kingdom   (If you have onward travel to countries outside the United Kingdom, you should check the passport validity requirements for each additional country on their respective information pages.)

Must have at least one page

Not required for stays less than six months.

Embassies and Consulates

U.s. embassy london.

33 Nine Elms Lane London, SW11 7US United Kingdom Telephone: +(44)(20) 7499-9000 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(44)(20) 7499-9000 Fax: +(44) (20) 7891-3845 Email:   [email protected]

U.S. Consulate General Edinburgh, Scotland 3 Regent Terrace, Edinburgh EH7 5BW Scotland Telephone: 013-1556-8315 / from the United States: 011 (44)(13) 1556-8315 Emergency After-Hours Telephone:  020-7499-9000 / from the United States: 011 (44)(20) 7499-9000 Fax: 0131-557-6023 /from the United States: 011 (44) 131-557-6023 Email:   [email protected]

U.S. Consulate General Belfast, Northern Ireland Danesfort House, 223 Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5GR Northern Ireland, United Kingdom Telephone: 028-9038-6100 / from the United States: 011 (44)(28) 9038-6100 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: 01253-501106 / from the United States: 011 (44) 1253-501106 Fax: 028-9068-1301 / from the United States: 011 (44)(28) 9068-1301 Email: [email protected]

Destination Description

Learn about the U.S. relationship to countries around the world.

Entry, Exit and Visa Requirements

• To enter the United Kingdom, your passport must be valid for the entire duration of your planned stay.
• Starting June 2019, U.S. passport holders will be able to use the ePassport Gates upon arrival in the United Kingdom. U.S. citizens who had previously registered for the UK’s Registered Traveller Service (RTS) should now also use the ePassport Gates on arrival in the UK.
• If you are planning onward travel after departing the UK, note that many other countries require at least six months’ remaining validity on your passport to enter. If you are bound for Continental Europe, please see our  U.S. travelers in Europe page for additional details.
• Visas for specific categories of visitors must be obtained prior to travel. Visit the  UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) website to determine if you need a visa to enter the United Kingdom. We cannot intervene on your behalf when you apply for a UK visa, nor can we advocate for your admission into the UK if you are denied entry.
• Students and prospective students should visit the  UKVI website  to determine if they need a visa.
• For some U.S. travelers, especially students, an entry stamp is required.  Please consult this website  for more information.
• Unpaid and paid workers, interns, volunteers, charity workers, and temporary workers can find information about obtaining a visa on the  UKVI website .
• Visitors traveling to the United Kingdom to get married, even if they do not plan to reside there, must obtain a visa in advance. See the  UKVI website  for visa information.
• Surcharges apply to certain categories of visas, generally those involving work, study, or residency for more than six months. More information is available on the  UKVI website  and in our Health section below.

The U.S. Department of State is unaware of any HIV/AIDS entry restrictions for visitors to or foreign residents of the United Kingdom.

Find information on  dual nationality ,  prevention of international child abduction  and  customs regulations  on our websites.

Safety and Security

Terrorist groups continue plotting possible near-term attacks in Europe. The UK Security Service publishes specific reasons for any changes in the threat level and recommended actions for the public via its  UK threat levels website .

There is the potential for  isolated violence  related to the political situation in Northern Ireland. The Police Service of Northern Ireland assesses there is a continued threat of violence from dissident groups in Northern Ireland, focused primarily on police and military targets, and may involve the use of  firearms  and  explosives . Tensions may be heightened during the summer marching season (April to August), particularly on and around the July 12 public holiday.

Avoid areas of demonstrations  if possible, and be careful within the vicinity of demonstrations. Demonstrations occur frequently in and around city centers and areas where tourists frequent. Even demonstrations intended to be peaceful can turn confrontational and possibly escalate to violence.

The phone number for  police/fire/ambulance emergency services  is  999  in the United Kingdom and  112  in Gibraltar. You should also use these numbers to report security threats or suspicious packages. Also see information for  contacting police from abroad .

• Be cautious and aware of your surroundings.
• Be vigilant, as  pickpocketing ,  mugging,  and “snatch and grab” theft of mobile phones, watches and jewelry can occur.
• Do not leave bags unattended in restaurants, pubs, hotel lobbies, and parked cars.
• Be alert to other criminal schemes, such as  impostors  posing as undercover police officers and “fining” tourists for bogus minor offenses. A legitimate Metropolitan Police Services officer will never demand an immediate cash payment.
• Use only licensed Black Cabs or pre-ordered car services (minicabs) . Unlicensed taxis or private cars posing as taxis may offer low fares, but in some instances, travelers have been  robbed  or  sexually assaulted  while using these cars. See Transport for London for additional information on cabs and car services .
• Avoid using ATMs that look temporary in structure or location  or are located in isolated areas – they may not be legitimate. Use ATMs located inside a bank branch.

Scams : Before sending any money to individuals you have never met in person, visit the  Embassy London website  for more information about  internet financial scams  and how to protect yourself.

See the  Department of State  and the  FBI  pages for information on scams.

Victims of Crime : Report crimes to the local police at 999 (United Kingdom) or 112 (Gibraltar) and contact the U.S. Embassy at +(44) (20) 7499-9000.

• Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes.

See our webpage on  help for U.S. victims of crime overseas .

• help you find appropriate medical care
• assist you in reporting a crime to the police
• contact relatives or friends with your written consent
• explain the local criminal justice process in general terms
• provide a list of local attorneys
• provide our information on  victim compensation programs in the United States
• The Victim Support website  is maintained by an independent UK charity to help people cope with the effects of crime
• A Northern Ireland-based independent charity maintains a similar  victim support website
• In Scotland, victims of crime should contact  Victim Support Scotland
• provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States and/or limited medical support if you are destitute
• help you find accommodation and arrange flights home
• replace a stolen or lost passport

Domestic Violence:  U.S. citizen victims of domestic violence may contact the Embassy for assistance.

Tourism:  The tourism industry is generally regulated and rules are regularly enforced. Hazardous areas/activities are identified with appropriate signage and professional staff is typically on hand in support of organized activities. In the event of an injury, appropriate medical treatment is widely available throughout the country. Outside of a major metropolitan center, it may take more time for first responders and medical professionals to stabilize a patient and provide life-saving assistance. U.S. citizens are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance . 

Local Laws & Special Circumstances

Criminal Penalties:  You are subject to local laws. If you violate local laws, even unknowingly, you may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned. 

Furthermore, some laws are also prosecutable in the United States, regardless of local law. For examples, see our website on  crimes against minors abroad  and the  Department of Justice  website.

• You will be arrested if you bring pocket knives, blades, mace or pepper spray canisters, or any part of a gun into the United Kingdom . Please refer to the UK government publication  Travelling to the UK , which details the items visitors are prohibited from bringing into the United Kingdom.
• Penalties against  alcohol-related  and other  in-flight  crimes committed aboard aircraft to and from the United Kingdom are stiff and are enforced with  prison sentences . Please also see  our information on U.S. customs regulations  covering your return to the United States.
• Controlled Substances: UK law prohibits possession and trafficking of controlled substances and narcotics, including some substances that may be legal to possess under the law of certain U.S. states. More information on controlled substances is available here . Individuals who violate UK drug laws may face penalties including fines or prison sentences.

Arrest Notification:  If you are arrested or detained in the United Kingdom, ask police or prison officials to notify the U.S. Embassy immediately. See our  webpage  for further information.

Special Circumstances:

• The legal drinking age in the United Kingdom is 18. Parents and organizers of school trips should read our  Students Abroad website  to help plan a safe and enjoyable experience.
• Scotland’s “drink drive limit” law was amended to a lower level (roughly .05 BAC) and is stricter than the rest of the United Kingdom (roughly .08 BAC). This means that  driving after even one drink  can result in a charge of driving under the influence.
• The United Kingdom has very strict gun control laws, and importing firearms is extremely complicated.  Information on applying for a firearm and/or shotgun certificate can be found on the  London Metropolitan Police Firearms licensing webpage .  Licenses from England or Wales may not be valid in Scotland; please check with the appropriate authorities.  For firearms certificates for Scotland, please check with  Police Scotland .

Faith-Based Travelers:  See our following webpages for details:

• International Religious Freedom Report  – see country reports
• Human Rights Report  – see country reports
• Hajj Fact Sheet for Travelers
• Best Practices for Volunteering Abroad

LGBTI Travelers:  There are no legal restrictions on same-sex sexual relations or the organization of LGBTI events in the United Kingdom.

See our  LGBTI Travel Information  page and section 6 of our  Human Rights report  for further details.

Travelers Who Require Accessibility Assistance:

• UK law requires that all public service providers (except in the transportation sector) make “reasonable adjustments” to ensure their services are available to persons with disabilities.  Nevertheless, code exemptions permit many older buildings to have steps up from the street.
• Getting around in cities may be difficult at times because sidewalks can be narrow and uneven.
• Most London Underground and UK National Rail System stations are not readily accessible for people with disabilities.  Many stations do not have elevators, and have stairways and long corridors for changing trains or exiting to the street. Many UK buses are equipped with lowering platforms for limited-mobility or sight- or hearing-disabled travelers.
• Many taxis have swivel-entry seats or retractable ramps to ease entry.
• Disabled parking permits (known as “blue badges”) are issued by local government councils throughout the country. Visit the  UK government website  for contact information. Some councils may not offer permits to temporary visitors.

The  Transport for London  and  National Rail  websites provide information for passengers with disabilities.

Students:  See our  Students Abroad  page and  FBI travel tips .

Women Travelers:  See our travel tips for  women travelers .

While medical services are widely available,  free medical care  under the National Health System (NHS) is allowed only for UK residents, certain EU nationals, and some visa holders.

An NHS surcharge is assessed on certain visa applicants at the time of application.  Tourists and short-term visitors will not be assessed the surcharge, but will be charged 150 percent of the cost of any medical treatment they receive from the NHS. Unpaid balances of £1,000 or more can result in being barred from return to the United Kingdom.

• The U.S. government does not pay medical bills, and U.S. Medicare is not valid overseas.

Medical Insurance:  Make sure your health insurance plan provides  coverage overseas . Most care providers overseas only accept  cash payments . See our webpage for more information on insurance coverage overseas.

• We strongly recommend  supplemental insurance  to cover medical evacuation.

Carry  prescription medication  in original packaging, along with your doctor’s prescription. Traveling with sufficient supplies to last the duration of your trip is recommended. Mailing prescriptions is prohibitive and may be delayed or rejected by British customs.

Certain prescriptions available in the United States are classified as a "controlled drug"  in the United Kingdom and cannot be brought into the country without applying for and obtaining a prior license. This includes prescriptions for medical marijuana or products containing CBD and THC.  Please visit the https://www.gov.uk/travelling-controlled-drugs for additional information. 

Vaccinations:  Be up-to-date on all  vaccinations  recommended for international travel by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Further health information:

• World Health Organization
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  (CDC)

Travel and Transportation

Road Conditions and Safety:  Road conditions in the United Kingdom can differ significantly from those in the United States.

• In contrast to the United States, UK traffic drives on the left.  Read the  Highway Code  before driving.
• Emergency call boxes  (orange telephone booths with “SOS” printed on them) are found at half-mile intervals along motorways. White and blue poles point in the direction of the nearest call box. Call boxes dial directly to a motorway center. Use these phones rather than a personal cell phone, because motorway center personnel will immediately know your exact location.
• Generally,  pedestrians do not have the right of way  and should not expect vehicles to stop for them.

Many U.S. citizen pedestrians are injured, some fatally, every year in the United Kingdom, because they forget that oncoming  traffic approaches from the opposite direction  than in the United States.  Exercise extra care when crossing streets; remain alert and look both ways before stepping into the street.

Traffic Laws: 

• UK penalties for driving under the influence of  alcohol  or  drugs  are strict and often  result in prison sentences .
• Using a  hand-held cell phone  or similar device while driving is  illegal  in the United Kingdom. Only hands-free phones may be used. You will be  fined , or in the case of an accident,  arrested  and serve time in  prison .
• The speed limit on highways/motorways in the United Kingdom is 70 mph, or lower when posted.
• You will be  detained  and  arrested  if you cannot provide a UK address to receive a subpoena or are about to depart the United Kingdom and have to be brought to court quickly for a motoring offense.
• In Central London, a congestion charge is levied on all drivers who pass through the congestion zone. You will be  fined  or  arrested  if you do not pay the charge. See  Transport for London  for more information about driving in London.

Public Transportation:  Public transport in the United Kingdom is extensive.

• Information on disruptions to London transportation services can be found on the  Transport for London  website.
• Information about the status of National Rail Services can be found on the  National Rail Enquiries  website.
• Bus and train service information in Northern Ireland can be found on the  Translink  website.
• Bus and train service information in Scotland can be found on the  Traveline Scotland  website.

See our  Road Safety page  for more information. For specific information concerning UK driving permits, vehicle inspection, road tax, and mandatory insurance, refer to the  UK Department for Transport  website or the  Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency  website.

Aviation Safety Oversight:  The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has assessed the government of the United Kingdom’s Civil Aviation Authority as being in compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards for oversight of United Kingdom’s air carrier operations. Further information may be found on the  FAA’s safety assessment page .

Maritime Travel: Mariners planning travel to the United Kingdom should also check for U.S. maritime advisories and alerts at  www.marad.dot.gov/msci . Information may also be posted to the U.S. Coast Guard homeport website and the NGA broadcast warnings website (select “broadcast warnings”).

For additional travel information

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive security messages and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).
• See the  State Department’s travel website  for the  Worldwide Caution  and  Travel Advisories .
• Follow us on  Twitter  and  Facebook .
• See  traveling safely abroad  for useful travel tips.

Review information about International Parental Child Abduction in the United Kingdom . For additional IPCA-related information, please see the International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act ( ICAPRA ) report.

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• Entering and staying in the UK
• Permanent stay in the UK
• Calculating continuous lawful period: caseworker guidance
• UK Visas and Immigration

Indefinite leave to remain: calculating continuous period in UK (accessible)

Updated 23 December 2022

© Crown copyright 2022

This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected] .

Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned.

This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/indefinite-leave-to-remain-calculating-continuous-period-in-uk/indefinite-leave-to-remain-calculating-continuous-period-in-uk-accessible

Version 22.0

About this guidance

This guidance tells you how to calculate the 5-year continuous lawful period in the UK requirement for applicants applying for settlement on the following routes:

domestic workers in private households, paragraph 159G

dependants of a Tier 1 Entrepreneur and T1 Investor, paragraph 319AA

tier 1 (Entrepreneur), paragraph 245DF and Appendix A Table 6

tier 1 (Investor) 245E to 245EF and Appendix A Table 9 A

retired person of independent means ( paragraph 269 )

The following categories are also covered by this guidance which allow accelerated settlement:

tier 1 (Entrepreneur) ( paragraph 245DF )

tier 1 (Investor) ( paragraph 245EF )

Appendix Continuous Residence

Appendix Continuous Residence of the Immigration Rules will come into effect on 1 December 2020 for settlement applications in the following routes:

Skilled Worker (and Tier 2 (General))

T2 Minister of Religion (and Tier 2 (Minister of Religion))

T2 Sportsperson (and Tier 2 (Sportsperson))

Representative of an Overseas Business (and Media Representative and Sole Representative)

UK Ancestry

Global Talent (and Tier 1 (Exceptional Talent))

T5 (Temporary Worker) International Agreement Worker (Private Servant in a Diplomatic Household)

Dependants and Child Dependants of the routes listed above, except for UK Ancestry and Representative of an Overseas Business where there is no qualifying period of continuous residence for dependants

It is worth noting that from 1 December 2020 the names of some routes have changed. The previous name of the route is included in brackets in the list above. For example Global Talent includes a person with permission under Appendix Global Talent, or a Global Talent migrant under Appendix W of the rules in force before 1 December 2020, or a Tier 1 (Exceptional Talent) migrant. The full definition of each route is included in the definitions section of the Immigration Rules .

See the Continuous Residence guidance for more information about these routes and how an applicant on these routes can qualify for continuous residence.

If you have any questions about the guidance and your line manager or senior caseworker cannot help you, or you think that the guidance has factual errors, then email the Economic Migration Policy Team.

Border Force officers can also email BF OAS enquiries.

If you notice any formatting errors in this guidance (broken links, spelling mistakes and so on), or have any comments about the layout or navigability of the guidance, then you can email Guidance and forms– making changes.

Publication

Below is information on when this version of the guidance was published:

published for Home Office staff on 01 December 2020

Changes from last version of this guidance

This version has:

information on routes to settlement not covered by Appendix Continuous Residence of the immigration rules

a table setting out the qualifying period needed to meet the continuous residence requirements on the routes covered by this guidance - this table is in the Qualifying Period section of this guidance

Nationality applications

The limits set out in this guidance apply to applications for indefinite leave to remain (ILR) only. The assessment of absences for nationality applications is different.

Lengthy absences taken during the continuous period for ILR can impact on the applicant’s ability to meet the residency requirements for nationality. Separate guidance is available.

Long residence

This guidance does not apply to the continuous period requirement in long residence cases. See long residence guidance.

Qualifying period

This section sets out the qualifying period an applicant needs to meet for the continuous residence requirements within the routes set out in this guidance.

How to determine if the continuous period is spent lawfully in the UK

This section tells you how to decide if the continuous period is spent lawfully in the UK. The applicant must not have spent any of their time in the UK without valid leave to enter or remain (except as set out in section Continuation of lawful leave during absences from the UK).

You must refuse indefinite leave to remain (ILR) if the applicant does not meet the continuous period requirement set out in the Immigration Rules.

The continuous period requirement is the minimum amount of time which a migrant must spend in employment or being active in the UK economy before being eligible to qualify for ILR.

You must assess if the applicant has spent the required minimum time period in the UK, as well as whether they meet all of the other requirements for ILR set out in the Immigration Rules.

When you calculate if an applicant has met the continuous period requirement, you must examine how many days absence from the UK they have accrued.

The applicant must provide reasons for these absences in all categories except bereaved partner. The majority of applicants are also required to provide evidence of the absence. Evidence is not required from applicants in the following categories:

Tier 1 (Investor) ( paragraph 245EF )

Tier 1 (Entrepreneur) ( paragraph 245DF )

The Secretary of State retains discretion under the Immigration Act 1971 to grant leave outside the rules in exceptional cases .

Definition of the UK

For immigration purposes, ‘UK’ means Great Britain and Northern Ireland only. It does not include the Crown dependencies of the:

Channel Islands

Isle of Man

Time spent in the Crown dependencies may count towards the continuous period.

Details of categories of leave that can be included can be found in the Common Travel Area guidance. Where the applicant held leave in a category not included, you must treat any time spent in the Crown dependencies category as an absence from the UK.

Any time spent working off shore on the UK continental shelf, beyond the 12 nautical mile zone defined as UK territorial waters, does not count toward the continuous qualifying period for ILR, for example on ships or oil rigs. You must count this as an absence from the UK.

Absences which will not break continuity in the continuous period

This section tells you when absences will not break continuity when calculating if the continuous period requirement has been met.

Period between the issue of entry clearance and entering the UK

The period between entry clearance being issued and the applicant entering the UK may be counted toward the qualifying period. Any absences between the date of issue and entry to the UK count towards the 180 days allowable absence in the continuous 12-month period. The applicant does not need to provide evidence to demonstrate the reason for delayed entry.

If the delay is more than 180 days, you can only include time after the applicant entered the UK in the continuous period calculation.

Entry to the United Kingdom through Ireland

Applicants who entered through Ireland, and therefore have not passed through immigration control, cannot demonstrate their date of entry to the UK using their passport. Alternative evidence to demonstrate this can include, but is not limited to:

a copy of a travel ticket showing the date of arrival

independent evidence of activity following entry, such as:

a letter from an employer stating when the applicant started their employment in the UK

a tenancy agreement from a landlord stating when the applicant started living a UK address

180 whole days’ absence

No more than 180 days’ absences are allowed in a consecutive 12-month period.

You must only include whole days in this calculation. Part day absences, for example, less than 24 hours, are not counted. Therefore, if the applicant had a single absence during the 12 month period and arrived in the UK on day 181, the period would not exceed 180 days.

Tier 1 Entrepreneur and Tier 1 Investor dependant partners

You must not include any absence from the UK during periods of leave granted under the Rules in place before 11 January 2018 towards the 180 days allowable absences. For example, if a dependant partner’s qualifying period includes initial leave granted from 1 February 2015 to 31 January 2018, and an extension granted from 1 February 2018 to 31 January 2020, you must not count any absences before 1 February 2018.

Dependant children are not subject to limits on absences.

Calculating the specified continuous period

Applicants can submit a settlement application up to 28 days before they would reach the end of the specified period.

You must calculate the relevant qualifying period by counting backward from whichever of the following is most beneficial to the applicant:

the date of application

the date of decision

any date up to 28 days after the date of application

Transitional Arrangements: rolling 12 month period

Absences from the UK during period of leave granted on or after 11 January 2018 are considered on a rolling basis. If the applicant’s qualifying period includes leave granted before 11 January 2018, any absences during that leave are considered in consecutive 12-month periods ending on the date of application.

For example:

The application date is 30 June 2020. The applicant’s continuous period includes the following grants of leave:

one grant of leave from 1 July 2015 to 28 July 2018 – any absences during this grant of leave will be considered in consecutive 12-month periods, ending on 30 June each year

one grant of leave from 29 July 2018 to 30 June 2020 – any absences during this grant of leave will be considered on a rolling basis: you must not include any absences from the previous grant of leave when you assess this

Allowable absences

Absences must be for a reason consistent with the original purpose of entry to the UK, or for a serious or compelling reason, in the following categories:

• domestic workers in private households

The applicant must provide evidence as explained below.

For the categories below, there is no requirement to give a reason for absences if they do not exceed 180 days in a consecutive 12 month period:

Tier 1 (Entrepreneur)

Tier 1 (Investor)

Retired person of independent means

Tier 1 Entrepreneur and Tier 1 Investor dependants

Absences linked to reason for being in the UK: evidential requirements

For all other categories, absences must be consistent with, or connected to, the applicant’s sponsored or permitted employment or the permitted economic activity being carried out in the UK - for example, business trips or short secondments.

This also includes any paid annual leave which must be assessed on a case by case basis and should be in line with UK annual leave entitlement for settled workers. For example, the statutory leave entitlement is 5.6 weeks’ paid holiday each year, which for workers who work a 5 day week is 28 days’ paid leave. However, many employers provide 25 or 30 days’ paid leave a year, plus bank holidays.

Short visits outside the UK on weekends or other non-working days are consistent with the basis of stay and do not break the continuity of leave. You must count such absences towards the 180 day limit.

Evidence in the form of a letter from the employer which sets out the reasons for the absences, including annual leave, must be provided. Where short visits outside the UK, on weekends or other non-working days have taken place, evidence from the employer should be provided to confirm the applicant’s normal working pattern and show the absences occurred during a non-working period.

However, time spent away from the UK for extended periods, particularly if the business no longer exists, should not be allowed.

Interim caseworker action: missing evidence

If an applicant is required to provide specified documents from their employer explaining their absences and fails to do this, and the absences do not exceed 30 working days plus statutory public holidays per annum (for example, such absences are likely to be consistent with paid annual leave), you can choose, having regard to all the circumstances of the case, to consider the application without this documentation.

You still need evidence where the absences in a 12 month period (as defined above) exceed 30 working days plus statutory public holidays.

Absences for serious or compelling reasons: evidential requirements

Serious or compelling reasons will vary but can include:

serious illness of the applicant or a close relative

a natural disaster, for example, volcanic eruption or tsunami

The applicant must provide evidence in the form of a letter which sets out the reason for the absence with documents of support. For example:

medical certificates

birth or death certificates

evidence of disruption to travel arrangements

Employment outside of the UK

If the absences are connected to other employment outside the UK, which demonstrates the UK employment is secondary, these are not permitted absences, and the continuous period requirement is broken. Absences due to employment, whether related to the applicant’s job in the UK or not, count towards the 180 day maximum each year.

Absences due to economic or humanitarian crisis

On 11 January 2018 the Immigration Rules were amended to discount any absences from the UK from counting towards the 180 day limit, where the absence was due to the applicant assisting with a national or international economic or humanitarian crisis, such as the Ebola crisis which began in West Africa in 2014.

This covers Tier 1 (Entrepreneur) and Tier 1 (Investor) and dependent partners on these routes. ILR applicants should provide evidence to confirm that the absence was for this purpose and that their Sponsor (if there is one) agree to the absence for this purpose.

Full-time service overseas as a member of HM armed forces reserve

This section tells you how to consider time spent overseas during the continuous period of residence, as a member of Her Majesty’s (HM) armed forces reserve.

Under Section 4(1) of the Reserve Forces Act 1996, non-Economic European Area (EEA) national members of the following reserve forces of HM armed forces may be enlisted to serve overseas in the:

Royal Fleet reserve, Royal Naval reserve, Royal Marines reserve

Army reserve, Territorial Army

Air Force reserve, Royal Auxiliary Air Force

The enlistments concerned are permanent, full-time service that lasts for about 9 months and include a period of pre-operation training overseas.

The Reserve Forces (Safeguard of Employment) Act 1985 requires that, where the reservist is in civilian employment:

before service the employer consents to the deployment

the reservist is re-employed after service by the same employer

Under the Armed Forces Covenant, no member of HM armed forces is to be disadvantaged because of their service.

This means any periods of permanent, full time reserve service must be disregarded and treated as though it had been spent in their relevant employment, for the purpose of calculating the continuous residence period for indefinite leave to remain (ILR), on any of the work-related routes.

The applicant must provide evidence in the form of a letter from the:

armed force concerned, which confirms the deployment and the dates

employer, which confirms the applicant’s release for reserve service and their date of re-employment

Breaks in the continuous lawful period

This section tells you about breaks in the continuous lawful period.

The continuous period in the UK must be lawful. This means the applicant must have spent the qualifying period here continuously with leave to enter or remain.

You can only disregard breaks in the period of lawful residence in certain circumstances.

A break in the continuous period may occur just before the ILR application is made or at any point where leave expired during the continuous period claimed. The relevant rules you must apply depend on the Immigration Rules in place at the time the break occurred.

In most cases, a period of overstaying will already have been considered and accepted by the caseworker who handled the previous leave to remain applications and so you must not reconsider this. If the migrant’s leave expired and was then followed by a subsequent grant of entry clearance, the reasons for the delay will not have been assessed, as this was not relevant to the entry clearance decision. How to consider this is covered in more detail later in this guidance .

Breaks of leave in temporary leave applications submitted before 24 November 2016

You should disregard a period spent without leave where that leave expired no more than 28 days before a further application for entry clearance was made before 24 November 2016 and subsequently granted.

The 28 day period of overstaying is calculated from the latest of the:

end of the last period of leave to enter or remain that was granted

end of any extension of leave under sections 3C or 3D of the Immigration Act 1971

point a migrant is deemed to have received a written notice of invalidity, in line with paragraph 34C or 34CA of the Immigration Rules , in relation to an in-time application for leave to remain

In the following exceptional circumstances you can disregard applications made more than 28 days after the expiry of leave:

serious illness where the migrant or their representative are unable to submit the application in time. This must be supported by appropriate medical documentation

travel or postal delays which mean the migrant or their representative are unable to submit the application in time

inability to provide necessary documents. This only applies to exceptional or unavoidable circumstances beyond the migrant’s control, for example:

the Home Office being at fault in the loss of, or delay in returning, travel documents

delay in obtaining replacement documents following loss as a result of theft, fire or flood. These must be supported by evidence of the date of loss and the date replacement documents were sought

For ILR, you must disregard any period spent in the consideration of applications for leave to remain where the application was made (not decided) no more than 28 days after the expiry of leave, but before 24 November 2016.

Breaks of leave in temporary leave applications submitted after 24 November 2016

Applications submitted on or after this date may have a period of overstaying disregarded if the application is made:

within 14 days of the applicant’s previous leave expiring and there is a good reason beyond the applicant’s or their representative’s control, provided in or with the application, why the application could not be made in time

within 14 days of:

the refusal of the previous application for leave

the expiry of any leave which has been extended by section 3C of the Immigration Act 1971

the expiry of the time-limit for making an in-time application for administrative review or appeal (where applicable)

any administrative review or appeal being concluded, withdrawn or abandoned or lapsing

If there are good reasons beyond the applicant’s control which prevented them from applying in time, they must submit evidence of these with their application. All cases must be decided on their merits.

There is further information in the overstayer guidance.

Continuation of lawful leave during absences from the UK

This section tells you about lawful leave which continues whilst absent from the UK.

The continuous period is only maintained in certain circumstances. The relevant rules you must apply depend on the Immigration Rules in place at the time the break occurred.

Pre 24 November 2016

The continuous period is maintained if the applicant either:

leaves the UK with or without valid leave, but applies for new entry clearance within 28 days of their leave expiry date, is granted and re-enters the UK using that entry clearance

leaves the UK with valid leave and re-enters the UK whilst that leave remains valid

If the applicant’s leave expires whilst they are outside the UK and they apply for new entry clearance more than 28 days after their previous leave expires, the continuous period is broken and leave is not aggregated.

On or after 24 November 2016

leaves the UK with valid leave, applies for entry clearance before their leave expires, is granted and re-enters the UK using that entry clearance

applies for new entry clearance within 14 days of their leave expiry date, one of the circumstances below applies, their application is granted and they re-enter the UK using that entry clearance

The circumstances are that:

there was a good reason beyond the control of the applicant or their representative why the application could not be made in time

the application was made following the refusal of an in-time application and within 14 days of:

the refusal of the previous in-time application

the expiry of any leave extended by section 3C of the Immigration Act 1971 (please note that 3C leave lapses when an applicant leaves the UK)

the expiry of the time-limit for making an in-time application for administrative application for administrative review or appeal (where applicable)

any administrative review or appeal being concluded, withdrawn, abandoned or lapsing

Where an applicant has had a break in their leave while outside of the UK, the entry clearance officer is unlikely to have considered the reason, as any break would be irrelevant to the entry clearance application. As a result, you must consider the reason as part of the ILR application. The SET(O) form requests that migrants provide evidence demonstrating why previous applications were submitted while they did not have valid leave. Each break must be decided on its merits. There is further information on this type of consideration in the overstayer guidance.

If an applicant’s leave expires whilst they are outside the UK and they apply for new entry clearance more than 14 days after their previous leave expires, for any reason, the continuous period is broken and leave is not aggregated. The continuous period would also be broken where the gap is within 14 days, but you do not consider the reasons provided to be sufficiently compelling.

Breaks of leave and allowable absences

For any acceptable breaks of leave, the period spent outside of the UK will count towards the 180 days allowable absence. This includes any time:

while their leave remains valid

after the expiry of their leave

while the entry clearance application was under consideration

before they entered the UK once entry clearance had been granted

Exceptional cases

This section tells you about the exceptional circumstances when you can grant the applicant indefinite leave to remain (ILR) when their continuous leave is broken.

Absences of more than 180 days in a 12-month period before the date of application (in all categories) will mean the continuous period has been broken, unless an exemption applies. However, you may consider a grant of ILR if the applicant provides evidence to show the excessive absence was due to serious or compelling reasons.

The applicant must provide evidence in the form of a letter which sets out full details of the compelling reason for the absence and supporting documents, for example medical certificates or evidence of disruption to travel arrangements.

Absences of more than 180 days in any 12-month period for employment or economic activity reasons are not considered exceptional.

You can only apply discretion when it has been authorised at senior executive officer level.

Time spent overseas due to pregnancy, maternity, paternity, parental leave, adoption-related leave or illness is treated the same way as any other absence, that is, within the 180 days in any 12 months.

If someone is exempt from immigration control, they cannot by definition be in the UK unlawfully. Therefore, if an applicant has for a period of time while in the UK held exempt status, that period is lawful.

If a requirement for ILR is that an applicant must have held lawful residence in the UK that includes time spent in the UK with exempt status. Exempt status is not a grant of leave, so where the rules specifically require leave to be held, that requirement will not be met by an applicant having exempt status.

Deemed leave granted for a period of 90 days under Section 8A(b) of the Immigration Act (1971), from the day the applicant stops being exempt, can be counted towards the continuous period for ILR.

If the rules say the applicant must hold a specific category of leave, only time spent in this category will count towards the continuous period for ILR.

If you are satisfied that the circumstances are sufficiently compelling to approve, exceptionally grant indefinite leave to remain outside of the Immigration Rules.

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