travel to consent form

Free Minor Travel Consent Form

A minor travel consent form is a legal document, signed by a child's parents and/or legal guardians, giving permission for the child to travel with another adult. Any time a child travels abroad without both parents and/or legal guardians, U.S. Customs and Border Protection requires the child to have this written permission.

This document is particularly important in international travel situations. It can be used to establish guardianship whether the child is traveling abroad with only one parent or with another trusted adult, such as a family member, friend, or educator.

In today's world, where concerns about child safety are paramount-especially when it comes to child abduction, custody disputes, and human trafficking-a minor travel consent form serves as a protective measure. It provides clear, legally binding, written permission that can be verified by immigration officials, airline staff, or travel companies, to make sure that the child's travel is both safe and authorized.

Without this form, travel may be delayed or denied. Domestic and international authorities need to be able confirm the child's guardianship and obtain the necessary permissions before allowing the child to travel onward.

How to Use the Minor Travel Consent Form

The form available below is a comprehensive template, designed to be easily copy/pasted and adapted in a word processor like Microsoft Word or Google Docs.

Given the critical nature of this document, we also provide a downloadable minor travel consent form in PDF format for your convenience.

It's important to note that while this sample form is a valuable starting point, it should be tailored to fit the specific details and circumstances of your child's travel.

Also be advised that this form does not replace a legal power of attorney document that could be used to make critical medical care decisions on behalf of a child.

This form is regularly reviewed and updated to ensure that this form remains current with travel and child safety best practices, reflecting our commitment to providing reliable and authoritative travel resources.

Minor Travel Consent Form

To Whom It May Concern:

I/We,                                                                                                                     (Full Name(s) of Custodial and/or Non-Custodial Parent(s)/Legal Guardian(s))

am/are the lawful custodial parent(s) and/or non-custodial parent(s) or legal guardian(s) of:

                                                                                           (Full Name of Accompanying Person)

                                                                                           (U.S. or Foreign Passport Number)

                                                                                           Date and Place of Issuance of This Passport)

                                                                                                     ((Name of Foreign Country)

during the period of

                                                                                                     ((Dates of Travel: Departure and Return)

During that period,

                            ((Childs Name)

will be residing with

                            ((Name of Person with Whom the Child will be Residing in Foreign Country)

at the following address:

                            ((Number/street address and apartment number)

                            ((City, State/Province, Country)

                            ((Telephone and fax numbers)

Signature:                             Date:                    (Custodial Parent, and/or Non-Custodial Parent or Legal Guardian)

Full Name:                                                                                           

Signed before me,

                                                                                           , (Full Name of Witness)

this                             at                                                                                            . ((Date) and (Location))

Signature of Witness:                                                                                           

Download: Minor Travel Consent Form

The Legal Implications of Traveling Without a Minor Consent Form

While the minor travel consent form is not a universally required legal document, a child traveling without one can lead to serious complications in many countries. Different nations have their own regulations regarding child travel. Being uninformed or unprepared can quickly lead to distressing situations for both you and your child.

1. International Legal Considerations:

• Country-Specific Requirements Vary: Each country has its own set of rules regarding minors traveling without their parents. For instance, some countries in Europe may require additional documentation, such as a birth certificate or a parental authorization letter, in addition to the travel consent form. You need to be sure your child and their traveling companion(s) comply with all of the requirements for each country they plan to travel to and through.
• Risk of Travel Disruption: Without a consent form, minors traveling abroad may face delays or even denied entry at border control checkpoints. This can lead to missed transportation departures and costly changes to your travel itinerary.
• Embassy and Consulate Involvement: In cases where a minor is detained due to lack of proper documentation, the local embassy or consulate of the child's home country may need to be involved. This can lead to complex legal situations that take significant amounts of tame and/or money to solve.

2. Domestic Legal Implications:

• Airline and Transportation Policies: Within the United States, airlines and other transportation services have specific policies regarding unaccompanied minors (more on this later). Lack of a consent form, even for domestic travel, can result in the child being denied boarding.
• Legal Custody Disputes: In cases of separated or divorced parents, traveling without a consent form can raise legal issues related to custody agreements. It's crucial to understand and adhere to the legal requirements stipulated in custody arrangements to avoid legal repercussions.

A minor travel consent form can help you avoid many of these situations. Before traveling, be sure to research the specific travel requirements of the destination country regarding minor travel. In addition to the resources provided on this site, this can also be done through a country's embassy website or by consulting with travel experts like registered passport expediting services .

In complex situations, such as shared custody or special travel circumstances, consulting with a legal expert can provide clarity and ensure compliance with both domestic and international laws.

Minor Travel Consent Form Notary Requirements

We strongly recommend that you have any child travel consent form notarized. This can prevent issues establishing the authority and credibility of your documentation.

It can be challenging to find and secure the services of a notary in person. Thankfully, it is possible to use an online notary service to notarize your minor travel consent form. This can save you serious time and stress.

We recommend using NotaryLive , a fully-secure, online notirization platform with an "Excellent" rating from TrustPilot . NotaryLive is fast, affordable, and fully compliant with state law, so you can be sure your notarized minor travel consent form is both legal and valid.

Unaccompanied Minors

Airlines have general rules about the ages and circumstances where children can fly alone, too. There are also usually additional fees that come with buying a ticket for a minor that will be traveling without an adult. As part of that extra cost, many airlines offer some additional supervisory and support services to be sure the traveling child is safe and comfortable while traveling on their own.

For more, check out our guide to unaccompanied minors traveling internationally . There, you will find details about the considerations, accommodations, and policies that apply to kids traveling internationally without an adult parent or guardian.

More Tips for Parents of Minors Traveling Abroad

Besides proper documentation, there are other ways to help a child have a safe international trip. Any time your child is traveling without you, give yourself peace of mind by taking these proactive steps.

Be Proactive In Shared Custody Situations

Parents who share custody of their children should each carry copies of the legal custody documents. You can also contact the embassy of the country or countries the minor child will be visiting to confirm travel entry requirements. This proactive step can help avoid issues at border crossings and during the child's stay abroad.

A simple notarized statement, such as the one below, should suffince in most cases.

"I, [PARENT NAME] acknowledge that [SPOUSE NAME] is traveling out of the country with my [SON/DAUGHTER] whom we share custody of. This authorization gives [SPOUSE NAME] my full permission to do so.

Use a GPS Tracker to Keep Track of Your Child While Abroad

GPS technology makes it possible to pinpoint a person's exact location, anywhere in the world. If your child is traveling without you, it makes sense to keep a GPS tracker on their person so that you know where they are. You can also use additional trackers to help keep tabs on your child's luggage or other valuables.

• Apple AirTags are small, inexpensive GPS tags that can be purchased individually or in packs of 4 . They use bluetooth connectivity and the vast number of Apple users across the globe to create a reliable GPS tracking network. Using your iPhone or Apple device, you can ping any AirTag that is linked to your AppleID and locate it quickly. Thanks to its small size, an AirTag can easily be tucked into luggage, sewn into a child's clothing, or stashed in a travel wallet.
• JioBit is an all-in-one GPS tracking system specifically designed for tracking your child. While it is more expensive than Apple AirTags, JioBit is a durable and secure alternative-particularly useful for those who don't already have an Apple device.

Use a Parent-Controlled Debit Card

Traveling costs add up. Everything from food, transportation, lodging, and fun comes with a price. If your child is traveling without you, you want to be sure they have the money they need, but also that it is being protected.

There are a number of debit cards that allow parents to keep an eye on their child's spending as well as their remaining balance. Should your child and their card become separated, you have the ability to prevent unauthorized purchases and possibly even get a replacement sent to wherever your child is staying.

Traveling with minors requires careful planning and a strict adherence to both American and international laws. This guide and the minor travel consent form we have shared are designed to provide you with the necessary information and tools to ensure a smooth and stress-free journey for your child. Whether your child is traveling with a guardian, as part of a group, or alone, the right preparation can make all the difference.

Remember, the safety and well-being of your child are paramount. By staying informed about the latest travel regulations and using our resources, you can confidently prepare for your child's next trip. If you have any further questions or need personalized advice, our team of travel experts is always here to assist you. Safe travels!

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Please contact us if you have any travel related questions - especially ones about passports and visa expediting. We usually respond to e-mails within 24 hours, oftentimes the same day. We are committed to working with you until you get the answer you need.

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International travel documents for children

See what documents a child needs to travel to or from the U.S. alone or with a parent or relative.

Children traveling to the U.S.

All children, including infants, must have their own travel documents such as a passport or document from a Trusted Traveler Program to enter the U.S. If you travel or are going to travel with a child, consider taking the following documents:

• If the child is traveling with only one of their custodial parents, they must have a letter of consent, preferably in English and notarized, from the other parent or signed by both parents. The letter should say "I acknowledge that my son/daughter is traveling outside the country with [the name of the adult] with my permission."
• If one parent has sole custody of the child, a copy of the custody document can take the place of the other parent's letter.
• Parents who frequently cross the border by land with a minor must always carry a letter of permission from the other parent.

U.S. citizen children traveling abroad

Ports of entry in many countries have security measures to prevent international child abduction . If you are traveling alone with your child, you may be required to present documentation proving you are the parent or legal guardian. You may also need a letter of permission from the other parent for your child to travel. 

If your child travels alone, depending on the country, they may be required to present a notarized letter from both parents or their legal guardian. If a minor is traveling abroad and is not accompanied by both parents or a legal guardian, contact the embassy or consulate of the country you will be visiting and ask about entry and exit requirements for that country.

LAST UPDATED: December 6, 2023

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Free Parental Consent Forms for Minors Traveling Alone

While children between the ages of five and 18 can fly by themselves, younger children in this range usually must participate in an airline's unaccompanied minor program (specific age requirements vary per airline).

If your minor child will be traveling domestically, you will typically need to fill out paperwork through the airline's unaccompanied minor program. But if your minor child will be traveling out of the country alone, with one parent, or with someone other than a parent or legal guardian, he will likely need to carry a notarized letter of consent (and perhaps a medical letter of consent) signed by his parents in addition to the unaccompanied minor program paperwork. Use this guide as a helpful jumping off point regarding such letters of consent, but we advise referring to airline and government websites for more specific information. 

What Is a Child Travel Consent Form?

Because of increasing instances of child abduction in custody cases and a growing number of children who are the victims of trafficking or pornography, government and airline personnel are now more vigilant about traveling children. Therefore, your child will likely be asked by an immigration officer or airline staff member will ask for a letter of consent if he or she is traveling without both parents.

A Child Travel Consent Form is a legal document that allows a minor child to travel without both parents or legal guardians present. It can be used when a child is traveling as an unaccompanied minor, or with another adult who is not the legal guardian, such as a grandparent , teacher, sports coach, or friend of the family. It is advisable for all travel and is particularly important when a minor is traveling outside the country .

The document should include:

• Minor's name, birthplace, and passport information
• Permission from the non-traveling parent or guardian, including his or her contact information
• Relevant information about the traveling parent or guardian, including name, custody information, and passport details
• Travel information, such as the destination and start and end dates for the trip. Note that the consent is temporary and specific to this one trip
• Allergy and special needs information pertaining to the child
• Signature of the non-traveling parent who is giving permission for the child to travel

Be aware that specific rules about documentation can differ substantially from country to country, so you should check the U.S. State Department International Travel website for information about the requirements for your destination country. Find your destination country, click the tab for "Entry, Exit, & Visa Requirements," then scroll down to "Travel with Minors."

What Is a Child Medical Consent Form?

If a minor child is traveling without a parent or legal guardian, a Child Medical Consent Form grants authority to a chaperone to make medical decisions. The form grants temporary medical power of attorney to another adult in case of a medical emergency. You've probably filled out such a form in the past for your child's daycare or school, or for field trips, sleepover camp, and other situations.

• Minor's name and birthplace
• Authorized medical treatments
• Health information about the child
• Identity of the person being granted responsibility
• Health insurance information

There are a number of websites that offer free templates for travel forms. Here are some reliable options:

Free Child Travel Consent LetterFrom LawDepot.com

This form takes five to 10 minutes to complete. Answer a few simple questions and then choose to to print or download.

Free Child Travel Consent Letter From eForms.com

This five-step fill-in-the-blank template is straightforward and easy to complete. The user can select his or her home state from a pulldown menu.

Free Child Travel Consent Letter From RocketLawyer.com

Build your document, print it out, sign it and get it notarized to make it legal.

Free Child Travel Consent Letter From LegalTemplates.net

Follow the directions on the site to complete the form. Then e-sign, download, and print your legally binding document.

Required Documents for International Travel With Minors

Southwest Airlines Unaccompanied Minor Policy

Does My Child Need ID to Fly?

Visa Requirements for Brazil

Parent Authorization Letter for Minors Traveling to Mexico

How the Airlines Handle Unaccompanied Minors

Passports and Mexico Entry Requirements for Children

How to Find Your Nearest US Passport Office

Flying While Pregnant? Check Out the Policies on 25 Global Airlines

Do I Need a Letter of Permission to Travel With Grandchildren?

Single Parent Travel Tips and Advice

How to Travel to Cuba If You Are an American

Do Children Need a Passport to Visit Canada?

Booking a Baby Bassinet for Your Flight

Marriage Laws for Caribbean Destination Weddings

North American Airlines on Rules for Overweight Passengers

Who needs a child travel consent form?

What's included in a child travel consent form, who should sign the child travel consent form, final takeaways, templates and examples to download in word and pdf formats, creating a child travel consent form.

A child travel consent form is an important document used when a child is traveling alone, with only one parent/legal guardian, or with an authorized group to show any authorities or other interested parties that the child is traveling with the consent of their parents . The letter acts as an explanation and proof to any border officials, law enforcement, or other authorities who may be concerned that the parent or guardian not present with the traveling child is aware of the situation and consents to the child's travel without them. Creating a child travel consent form can be confusing, especially in situations where parents are separated or divorced or there are other issues surrounding custody. This guide will outline the process necessary to create a foolproof child travel consent form that will be airtight and allow parents to rest assured that their children are protected when traveling without them. For more information about other documents that are necessary for traveling children, please see the guide Planes, Trains, and Automobiles: Necessary Documents when Traveling with a Child .

Child travel consent forms are needed for both domestic and international travel, as long as the child is traveling without all of their parents or legal guardians. Common situations when a child travel consent form would be especially necessary include:

• Separated, divorced, or unmarried parents with only one of the parents traveling with the child, particularly across state lines or out of the country
• Children traveling with teachers, counselors, or chaperones for a school, church, or camp field trip
• A child being cared for temporarily by a nanny or babysitter and there is the possibility they may travel during that time
• Grandparents or other relatives or family friends traveling with children without their parents present

Child travel consent forms are especially important for parents or guardians who are separated or divorced and have a custody order in place . In most states, it is a crime to take a child from their parent with the intent to interfere with that parent's physical custody of the child, even if the taker also has custody rights. This crime is commonly referred to as "custodial interference." If a parent without physical custody, who may or may not have visitation rights, removes a child from -- or refuses to return a child to -- the parent with physical custody, it is considered kidnapping or child concealment in addition to custodial interference. Federal and state laws have been passed to prosecute and punish parents guilty of this type of kidnapping, which is a felony in over 40 states . So, any miscommunication or misunderstanding about custody could lead to very serious consequences for the parent involved if an authority figure believes the parent does not actually have the other parent's permission to travel with the child. A child travel consent form makes it clear that both parents are on the same page and the traveling parent is not attempting to interfere with the non-traveling parent's custody rights.

Having a child travel consent form is particularly crucial when traveling very long distances or with younger children. Border agents or other officials are concerned with protecting the most vulnerable, so they are especially likely to inquire about children traveling overseas or very young children traveling who are not able to speak or fully advocate for themselves due to their tender age. That being said, having this letter is recommended for traveling with any minors, even the most obstinate and independent teenagers, just to be safe.

It is important that the Consent Form includes all of the information necessary to make it clear that the parent or guardian is aware of and consents to the child's travel plans . A child travel consent form includes the following information:

• Information identifying the child traveling, include full legal name, birth date, and location of their birth
• If traveling abroad, the child's passport number
• Whether the travel will be domestic (i.e. in the United States) or international
• Name of the person or group the child will be traveling with, if applicable
• Contact information for the person traveling with and supervising the child, if applicable
• Destinations to which the child will be traveling
• Start and end date of the trip
• Description of any of the child's allergies and/or special medical needs
• Full names and contact information for any parents or legal guardians who will be signing the Consent Form

By including all of this important information, any official looking at the letter will get a full picture of the situation and will be more likely to be assured that everything is in order and the traveling child is safe.

Determining who should be responsible for signing a child travel consent form depends on several factors involving custody and who will be accompanying the child during their travel. The main determining factor is who has a custody interest in the child which should be communicated to any officials or authorities looking at the child consent form.

A child traveling with one parent

If a child has two married parents and is traveling with only one parent, their travel consent form should be signed by the parent with whom they are not traveling. If the parents are separated or divorced and share custody, the form should be signed by the parent who is not traveling. If the parents are separated or divorced, only one parent has custody, and the child is traveling with the parent who does not have custody, the custodial parent should sign the form and the non-custodial parent should travel with both the form and a copy of the custody order. If the parents are separated or divorced, only one parent has custody, and the child is traveling with the parent who does have custody, there is no need for a child travel consent form, but it is advisable that the parent travels with a copy of the custody order just to be safe.

A child traveling with a non-parent adult

If a child is traveling with an adult who is not their parent or legal guardian, all of their parents/guardians who have custody of them should sign the consent form. If only one parent has custody of the child, for example in the case of the death of their other parent or a divorce resulting in only one parent having custody, they are the only person who is required to sign the form.

A child traveling alone

In the case of a child traveling alone, all of their parents/guardians who have custody should sign the consent form.

Traveling with children can be stressful, but by preparing for the trip by ensuring that all of the necessary documents are in place, parents can rest easy that their child will be able to travel freely and smoothly as planned.

• A child travel consent form is necessary any time both parents or legal guardians will not be present with a child who is traveling
• This form explains the child's travel plans, provides written consent to that travel , and is signed by any parent or guardian who will not be present during the trip
• This form is especially important for very young children or children traveling outside of the country
• In situations where there is a custody order in place, the child should travel with a copy of that custody order in addition to the child travel consent form in case officials want more detailed information
• The form should be signed by any parents/legal guardians who have custody and will not be traveling with the child

About the Author: Malissa Durham is a Legal Templates Programmer and Attorney at Wonder.Legal and is based in the U.S.A.

• Child Custody Agreement
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• Immigration

Sample Travel Consent Forms for Minors in the USA

Traveling minors in the usa need a travel consent form, authorizing them to travel without their parents or legal guardians. this document is essential for preventing child abduction, meeting airline policies, and ensuring peace of mind. sample forms highlight necessary details, including destination, travel dates, and medical authorization, with notarization recommended for validity..

Key Takeaways:

• Travel consent forms are vital for minors traveling within the USA, obtaining authorization from absent parents or guardians.
• Forms prevent child abduction, comply with airline policies and offer peace of mind to parents.
• Notarization, medical authorization, and specificity in the form details are crucial when creating travel consent forms.

Traveling with minors or allowing minors to travel within the USA requires careful planning and specific documentation. A crucial piece of this documentation is the travel consent form. This form serves as a written statement, providing authorization for minors to travel without both or one of their parents or legal guardians. It’s particularly important in ensuring the safety and security of minors during travel and is often requested by airlines, immigration authorities, or law enforcement officers.

What is a Travel Consent Form?

A travel consent form is a document that signifies a minor has permission from their guardians or parents (who are not accompanying them) to travel. This is particularly significant when a minor is traveling abroad or within the United States, either alone or with an adult who is not their legal guardian. These forms are a testament to the understanding and permission of the guardians for such travel.

Why Do You Need a Travel Consent Form for Minors Traveling in the USA?

There are several reasons why you might need a travel consent form for a minor traveling in the USA. These include but are not limited to:

• Preventing Child Abduction: The form helps in preventing child abduction by ensuring that the child is traveling with the knowledge and consent of their legal guardians.
• Airline Policies: Many airlines request a travel consent form for minors traveling without their parents to comply with their child travel policies.
• Peace of Mind: It provides peace of mind to the parents, knowing that their child carries a document asserting their permission to travel.

Sample Consent Forms for Minor Travel in the USA

Providing samples of travel consent forms can be extremely helpful for guardians preparing for a minor’s travel. Below are two sample forms that can be adjusted according to individual circumstances. Remember, it’s crucial to ensure that all information provided is accurate and that the form is notarized to increase its validity.

Sample Form 1: Consent for Minor Traveling with an Adult

[Date] I/We, [Parent(s) or Legal Guardian(s) Name(s)], am/are the lawful guardians of my/our minor child, [Child’s Name], born on [Child’s Date of Birth]. I/We hereby give my/our consent for my/our child to travel to [Destination], from [Date of Departure] to [Date of Return], with [Adult’s Name], who is my/our [Relation to the Child]. [Adult’s Name] has my/our permission to travel with my/our child for the duration mentioned above. Should the need arise for medical treatment, I/we authorize [Adult’s Name] to provide consent for such treatment as required by the situation. Signature(s): ______________________ [Parent/Guardian’s Name] ______________________ [Parent/Guardian’s Name] Notarization (if applicable) [Seal or stamp]

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Stop holiday scams spot fake sites & booking tricks before they ruin your trip, evaluating day 1 cpt universities for credibility, sample form 2: consent for minor traveling alone.

[Date] I/We, [Parent(s) or Legal Guardian(s) Name(s)], am/are the legal guardians of my/our minor child, [Child’s Name], born on [Child’s Date of Birth]. I/We hereby give my/our consent for my/our child to travel to [Destination], from [Date of Departure] to [Date of Return] alone. I/We acknowledge that my/our child will be traveling without an adult guardian but is aware of safety protocols during travel. I/We authorize airline and security personnel to supervise and assist my/our child during their travel. Should medical treatment be required, I/we authorize medical personnel to provide treatment as deemed necessary for the health and safety of my/our child. Signature(s): ______________________ [Parent/Guardian’s Name] ______________________ [Parent/Guardian’s Name] Notarization (if applicable) [Seal or stamp]

Key Points to Remember

When drafting a travel consent form for a minor traveling in the USA, here are some key points to remember:

• Be Specific: The travel consent form should clearly mention the dates of travel, destination, and the accompanying adult’s name (if applicable).
• Notarization: Though not always required, having the form notarized can increase its validity and is highly recommended.
• Medical Authorization: Including authorization for medical treatment is advisable. This gives the accompanying adult (or medical personnel, if the child is traveling alone) the authority to make medical decisions in an emergency.

For More Information

For more information about minors traveling in the USA and the required documentation, it’s best to consult official sources. The U.S. Customs and Border Protection provides comprehensive guides and advice for parents and legal guardians planning on having their minors travel domestically or internationally.

In conclusion, preparing a travel consent form for a minor traveling in the USA is a significant step in ensuring their safety and compliance with legal and airline requirements. By understanding what the travel consent form is, why it’s necessary, and using provided sample forms as templates, guardians can navigate the complexities of minor travel with greater ease and assurance.

This Article In A Nutshell:

Traveling with minors in the USA? A travel consent form is essential. It authorizes minors to travel alone or with adults other than legal guardians. Needed by airlines and authorities, it prevents issues like child abduction, ensures compliance with policies, and offers peace of mind. Notarization and medical authorization add validity and safety. Be prepared! — By VisaVerge.com

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Before Your Trip

Booking your tickets.

Match Names on Tickets and Documents

Purchase your travel tickets in the exact same name that appears on your passport or official ID. Ensure that all travel documents match that name precisely.

If the names don't match, your travel carrier or the Transportation Security Administration may require additional documents to verify your identity before allowing you to board.

Each Country is Different

Learn the required travel documents for each country you will visit. Find out about specific travel warnings, U.S. import restrictions, and other rules that apply to the countries on your itinerary by visiting www.state.gov/travelers .

Find the latest on making your return to the United States problem free - go to www.cbp.gov/travel .

Documents You Will Need

Carry - do not pack - all travel documents.

• All U.S. citizens need U.S. passport books if re-entering by air. Land and sea border crossings accept additional travel documents, such as U.S. Passport cards and Trusted Traveler cards. Child travelers have additional options - see the Traveling with Children section.
• Green card (Form I-551), or document for lawful permanent residents, or advance parole (Form I-512) if your Form I-551 is pending.
• A visa or other entry document for the countries you will visit.
• Receipts or registration ( CBP Form 4457 ) for new electronics, such as a camera or laptop, that you are taking abroad. (Only suggested if the goods are less than six months old.)
• Proof of rabies vaccination for dogs traveling abroad. Check the requirements for other pets at www.aphis.usda.gov .
• Valid license for driving overseas and for use as a second form of photo ID.
• Permits and/or certificates if bringing restricted animal or plant products - go to www.aphis.usda.gov .
• Medications in their original packages. Bring only the amount of medication you will need. Prescription medications have to be under the traveler's name.
• Envelope to hold the receipts of your purchases abroad.

Traveling with Children

When U.S. citizen children under the age of 16 arrive by land or sea from Canada or Mexico they may present an original or copy of their birth certificate, a Consular Report of Birth Abroad, or a Naturalization Certificate.

Groups of Children: U.S. citizen children under the age of 19 arriving by land or sea from Canada or Mexico and traveling with a school group, religious group, social or cultural organization or sports team, may present an original or copy of their birth certificate, a Consular Report of Birth Abroad, or a Naturalization Certificate. The group should have a letter on organizational letterhead with:

• The name of the group and supervising adult(s).
• The names of the children on the trip and their primary address, phone number, date and place of birth, and name of at least one parent or legal guardian for each child.
• A written and signed statement of the supervising adult certifying that he or she has parental or legal guardian consent for each child.

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Recommended consent letter for children travelling abroad – FAQ

The following Questions and Answers supplement the Recommended consent letter for children travelling abroad .

For more information about travelling with children, consult the Children and travel page, the publication Travelling With Children , or seek advice from a lawyer. If you need help finding legal services in your province or territory, contact a lawyer referral service .

For additional information about entry and exit requirements for Canadian children travelling alone, with only one parent or with another accompanying person, see our country-specific travel advice and advisories  or contact the nearest embassy or consulate of the destination country.

Note that all references to parents on this page apply also to legal guardians.

Note that Global Affairs Canada cannot provide you with advice about the Consent Letter for Children Travelling Abroad beyond what is offered on this website.

Most frequent questions

• General questions

Legal and custody questions

Documentation questions, other questions.

• What is the purpose of a consent letter? A consent letter demonstrates that children who travel alone, with only one parent/guardian, friends, relatives or a group (e.g. sports, school, musical, religious) have permission to travel abroad from every parent (or guardian) who is not accompanying them on the trip.
• Is a consent letter mandatory? There is no Canadian legal requirement for children to carry a consent letter. However, a consent letter may be requested by immigration authorities when entering or leaving a foreign country, airline agents or Canadian officials when re-entering Canada. Failure to produce a letter upon request may result in delays or refusal to enter or exit a country.
• If the accompanying parent has full/sole custody of the child, is it still advisable to obtain a consent letter signed by a non-accompanying parent who only has access rights? We recommend that even a parent who has full/sole custody obtain a consent letter from another parent who has access rights (also called visitation rights).
• What information should a consent letter contain? There are no official guidelines for the content and format of a consent letter. For your convenience, we offer a sample consent letter  on our website, which may be modified to fit your specific situation. You may also use our  interactive form , which allows you to leave out information that is not available or applicable. Nevertheless, we recommend including as much detail as possible.
• Who should sign the consent letter? The consent letter should be signed by parents who are not accompanying the child on a trip, including:
• One or both parents who are married or in a common-law relationship and live together with the child. Both parents usually have custody rights over the child. In some provinces or territories, other terms (e.g. guardianship rights or parental authority ) may be used.
• One or both parents who are separated, divorced or do not live together. In some situations, parents have “joint custody” or “joint guardianship” of a child, meaning that they make important decisions about the child together. In other situations, one parent has “sole custody” and is responsible for making important decisions for the child, while the other parent has “access rights.” We recommend that the letter be signed by all parents who are not travelling with the child, whether they have custody or access rights.
• One or more individuals (other than parents) or an organization with guardianship rights   and responsibility for the care of the child.
• In Quebec, one or both parents with parental authority over the child. Whether the parents are married, in a civil or de facto union, separated or divorced, they have rights and duties relating to the child, unless a court order states otherwise.

Court orders or agreements sometimes specify who is or is not required to sign a consent letter for children travelling abroad. If in doubt about who should sign the letter, consult with a lawyer.

• Up to what age should Canadian children carry a consent letter when travelling abroad? We recommend that anyone who is under the age of majority (under 18 or 19, depending on the province or territory of residence) carry a consent letter.
• Who can witness the signing of a consent letter? The signing of the letter may be witnessed by anyone who has attained the age of majority (18 or 19, depending on the province or territory of residence). However, we strongly recommend having the letter witnessed by a notary public , as border officials will be less likely to question the authenticity of the letter. Outside of Canada, the signing of a consent letter may be witnessed by anyone who has attained the age of majority, including a consular officer at any Canadian government office abroad ( fees apply ).
• Is it mandatory to have the consent letter witnessed by a notary? There is no Canadian requirement to have the consent letter witnessed by a notary public. However we strongly recommend doing so, as border officials will be less likely to question the authenticity of the letter.
• If the parents are together (either married or in a common-law relationship), but only one parent travels with the child, is a consent letter still recommended? If the child is not accompanied by both parents, we recommend carrying a consent letter signed by the non-accompanying parent, regardless of the parents’ marital status (single, married, common-law, separated, divorced or never married).

General questions

• Is a consent letter still recommended if a child will be accompanied by both parents for part of a trip, but alone or with only one parent for another part of the trip? We recommend that a child who is travelling with only one parent for even a small portion of a trip (e.g. when returning to Canada with only one parent) carry a consent letter signed by the non-accompanying parent. For example, if a child travels to the United States with both parents, but then the mother stays in the United States while the father brings the child back to Canada, the mother may sign a consent letter stating that the child has permission to travel back to Canada with the father.
• If neither parent is accompanying the child, should they each sign separate consent letters, or can they provide a single letter with both of their signatures? Either separate letters or a single letter may be acceptable. However, if both parents choose to sign separate consent letters, we strongly recommend that both letters be witnessed by a  notary public .
• If children from the same family travel together without one or both parents, should they each carry separate letters or one letter listing all of the children?  Either separate letters or a single letter may be acceptable. However, if the children will not be together for the entire trip (e.g. when returning to Canada), we recommend that they carry separate letters. We also strongly recommend that the letters be witnessed by a  notary public .
• If a child is travelling with several adults, none of whom are the child’s parents (e.g. relatives, group leaders, parents of a friend), should they all be identified as accompanying persons on the consent letter? It is not necessary for the letter to identify all adults as accompanying persons. Instead, we recommend that the letter identify one accompanying person, such as a grandparent or group leader, subject to that individual’s consent.
• Can a parent fax or email a scanned copy of the letter to the accompanying person? Although there is no Canadian legal requirement for children to carry a consent letter, we recommend bringing the original letter, as border officials will be less likely to question its authenticity.
• Is a consent letter recommended even for a day trip? A consent letter is recommended for all cross-border travel, even for a day trip, if the child will be travelling alone, with only one parent, with friends or relatives or with a youth group. The sample consent letter or   interactive form can be used to create a suitable letter.
• If one parent is deceased, what document should a child carry when travelling abroad? A child accompanied by a surviving parent who has full custody may carry a copy of the death certificate of the deceased parent. A child travelling without the surviving parent may carry a consent letter signed by that parent and a copy of the death certificate of the deceased parent.
• If a Canadian child who holds another citizenship travels to the other country of citizenship without one or both parents, will the consent letter offered on this website be accepted by that country’s immigration authorities? The consent letter offered on this website may or may not be considered sufficient by a country’s immigration authorities, as some countries impose their own entry/exit requirements on minor citizens. For example, a child with Costa Rican-Canadian citizenship requires a legally certified consent letter, translated into Spanish and signed by one or both parents, plus a special permit issued by Costa Rican authorities, in order to depart from Costa Rica. Be aware that a foreign country may automatically deem a child born in Canada to be one of its citizens if one or both parents are citizens of that country. As a “deemed citizen,” the child may be subject to the same entry/exit requirements as other citizens of that country. We strongly recommend that parents consult with an embassy or consulate of any country where their child may be a “deemed citizen” and enquire about travel documentation and other entry/exit requirements before travelling to that country with their child. You may find additional information under “Entry/Exit Requirements” in the Travel advice and advisories  for your destination country, our Dual citizenship page and our booklet Dual Citizenship: What You Need to Know .
• What can be done if a parent refuses to sign the consent letter? We recommend trying to find out the reason for the refusal. It may be possible to clear up a misunderstanding or address the other parent’s concerns.   Alternatively, family justice services (e.g. mediation) may help. For a list of services available in each province and territory, see the Department of Justice’s Inventory of Government-based Family Justice Services .  You may also wish to consult with a family lawyer. Note that Global Affairs Canada cannot provide legal advice.
• What can be done if there is a risk that the accompanying parent will not bring the child back to Canada? We recommend consulting with a lawyer without delay and proceeding with caution before signing a consent letter. For more information, see our publication International Child Abduction: A guidebook for left-behind parents  or consult our Child abduction and custody issues page.
• Is a consent letter still recommended from a parent who has been denied access rights? A consent letter is not necessary from a parent who has been denied access rights by a court order. We recommend that the accompanying parent who has full/sole custody of the child carry a copy of the court order when travelling abroad.
• If a court order states that one parent can travel abroad with the child without the consent of the other parent, what documentation is required? We recommend carrying a copy of the court order stating that the other parent’s consent is not needed to travel abroad with the child. Any questions about the wording of the court order should be directed to a family lawyer.
• Is it possible to write a consent letter without specific travel dates so that it may be used for multiple trips (e.g. if the child travels frequently or the non-accompanying parent is not readily available to sign)? We recommend carrying a letter with specific travel dates (as in the sample consent letter  on our website). Doing so may help minimize complications when entering or exiting another country. Consult with a lawyer for information on obtaining a document stating that the child has permission to travel abroad on nonspecific dates.
• If the accompanying person is not the child’s biological parent (e.g. an adoptive or foster parent) but has custody or guardianship rights, is specific documentation needed for the child to travel abroad? We recommend carrying a copy of a court order stating that the accompanying person is the child’s lawful custodian or guardian. If the child is in temporary care, we recommend carrying a consent letter signed by the appropriate child welfare agency representative granting consent for the child to travel with the accompanying person. Consult with a lawyer or the child welfare agency if in doubt about documentation requirements.
• If the parents are separated or divorced, does the child or accompanying parent need to carry documentation (e.g. a court order or separation agreement) other than a consent letter signed by the non-accompanying parent?  In addition to carrying a consent letter, we recommend checking with an embassy or consulate of the destination country in case other documents are required.
• If the other parent is not in the picture and obtaining a consent letter is impossible, what other documents can be carried? If there is a court order stating that the whereabouts of the other parent are unknown and granting the accompanying parent full/sole custody, we recommend carrying a copy of that document. If a court order has not been issued, we recommend consulting with a lawyer to consider taking legal action. If the other parent was granted access rights by a previous court order, but has not exercised those rights in a long time and is now unreachable, we recommend consulting with a lawyer to consider obtaining an up-to-date court order. In either case, we recommend carrying a copy of the court order. If in doubt, be sure to consult with a lawyer, as each situation is unique.
• What documents should a child carry when travelling abroad, apart from a Canadian passport and consent letter (if applicable)?   Since parents are not identified on a child’s passport, we recommend that the child carry a copy of the long-form (or parental information) birth certificate, which clearly indicates the parents’ names. The long-form birth certificate is not a mandatory travel document, but it may help to establish the relationship between the child and the accompanying parent and/or the parent signing the consent letter. For more information on the long-form birth certificate, contact the government of the province or territory where the child was born. Check with the destination country’s embassy or consulate in Canada regarding additional documentation that may be required, including divorce papers, custody court orders or a death certificate (if one parent is deceased).
• If the non-accompanying parent is not identified on the child’s long-form birth certificate and does not have access or custody rights, is there any reason for that parent to sign a consent letter? A consent letter is not needed in this case. However, we recommend carrying a copy of the child’s long-form (or parental information) birth certificate when travelling abroad with the custodial parent. If the child travels alone, we recommend carrying a copy of the long-form birth certificate as well as a consent letter signed by the custodial parent.
• If the child is a naturalized Canadian or permanent resident and immigrated to Canada with only one parent, does the parent who lives abroad need to sign a consent letter? We recommend carrying a consent letter signed by the parent who lives abroad. The signing of the consent letter may be witnessed by anyone who has attained the age of majority (18 or 19, depending on the province or territory of residence), including a consular officer at any Canadian government office abroad ( fees apply ). If it is impossible to obtain a consent letter from the parent who lives abroad, we recommend carrying a copy of a court order granting full custody to the parent in Canada and stating that the other parent has no rights over the child. If a court order has not been issued, we recommend consulting with a lawyer, as each situation is unique.
• Is there any reason to be concerned if the information requested in the sample consent letter or interactive form is not available or applicable (e.g. passport number, destination address)? The content and format of the child consent letter may be modified to meet your needs. The sample consent letter and interactive form on our website allow you to include information that fits your specific situation or to leave out information that is not available or applicable. However, we recommend including as much detail as possible.

We have revised our consent letter resources to serve you better. We welcome your feedback on the new versions at [email protected] . Please note that this address is to receive your comments and suggestions only.

Do Kids Need ID to Fly? Travel Identification Info for Every Age

A couple of times a year, I get a panicked message from a friend or reader who is about to take an airplane flight with their kids. Suddenly they’ve realized that they have no idea what kind of identification they need for their children to fly, if any. After a decade and a half of flying on hundreds of flights and dozens of airlines with my kids to destinations all around the world, I know this question can certainly be confusing!

In the United States, there are multiple entities that set the official legal rules and regulations governing air travel identification and documentation. Those can include Customs and Border Protection, the Department of State, the Department of Homeland Security, the Federal Aviation Administration, the Transportation Security Administration, and each specific airline.

So exactly what documentation is required to board an airplane with kids? As you might imagine, it depends! Here is all the information you need to make sure you have the right identification to travel aboard both domestic and international flights with kids.

Short on Time? Quick Answers in a Nutshell

Children under the age of 18 typically do not need ID to fly on domestic flights within the United States when accompanied by an adult. Airlines may require identification, however, in more unusual circumstances such as with very young infants, lap children, unaccompanied minors, or older teens flying solo. Identification – specifically a passport book but sometimes more – is always required for kids of any age to travel on international flights.

Identification Required for Kids for International Travel

Most travelers usually expect strict identification rules when it comes to international travel. If you are traveling internationally by air the answer to the question of whether kids need ID to fly is pretty simple. Yes! They do!

Not just any ID will suffice. Just as with adults, a passport book is required to fly with kids internationally no matter how young. If you have kids who are United States citizens, getting an official passport can be time-consuming and expensive. In addition, it requires some logistical steps that parents can mess up.

How to Get Passports in the US for Kids

Specifically, the consent of both parents is required for kids under age 16. That usually means both parents need to appear in person at a passport acceptance facility (like many post offices, local government offices, etc.). Alternatively, one parent can appear in person with a notarized statement of consent from the other parent. I got a notarized letter from my husband the last time we applied for our kids because his work schedule made it difficult for him to be available during the limited business hours passport acceptance facilities in our area were open.

Note also that you can’t just easily renew children’s passports by mail like you can for adults. The same in-person application process with both parents present is required. Plus kids under age 16 must renew passports every 5 years, instead of every 10 years for adults.

For that reason, I highly recommend starting the process of obtaining passports for your kids many months in advance of any international travel. After the paperwork is submitted, the process can take 2-3 months for a passport to arrive. Plus, it can often take many weeks before you can get an appointment to even submit the paperwork.

This obviously makes international travel with very young infants especially challenging, as it takes time to first get a birth certificate for the child and then apply for a passport.

Hopefully you are landing on this article in plenty of time to get your paperwork in order for your specific situation. But if not, there may be ways you can get what you need more urgently. You can pay a $60 extra fee to expedite a passport, which can cut several weeks off of standard processing times. And in more urgent situations, there is an even more expedited option available by applying at a passport agency (which can be done if a trip is within 14 days or less).

Special Note about International Land Crossings and Cruises

One reason some travelers misunderstand the air travel rules for kid identification is because the rules for kids crossing land borders and on some cruises can be different. For example, minors who are US citizens can cross into Canada by land with only a birth certificate.

On some closed loop cruises starting and ending in the United States going to destinations like Mexico, Canada, or many Caribbean countries, there are times when both kids and adults can technically travel without a passport using a birth certificate or passport card.

But none of these exceptions apply to international air travel. Don’t mix these rules up!

Child Travel Consent Form

Although a passport book is necessary to travel with kids on international flights, it isn’t necessarily fully sufficient. There are some times that other travel documents may be required – such as a visa for certain countries.

What is even more likely to trip up international travelers is the situation in which a child is traveling with only one parent or is traveling with another adult who isn’t a parent. In many of these circumstances, proof that both parents consent to the specific trip can be required. In these cases, the best practice is to carry a notarized letter of consent for the child to travel.

Some countries have very specific forms or formats that you need to follow. Mexico is one such example and historically has tended to be quite strict. My husband will likely be traveling solo with one of our kids to Mexico for a family wedding in a few months, and we are already planning to get the a letter of consent completed as an extra precaution.

Many countries don’t have clear cut rules that are easy to research. For example, I flew last summer to Italy (first entering the Schengen Area in Frankfurt, Germany) with both of my kids without my husband. I wasn’t able to get completely definitive information as to whether consent was required. As a result, we went ahead and had my husband complete a notarized letter of consent that I kept with me along with a copy of his passport. We weren’t asked to show it, but I breathed easier knowing I had it!

Unfortunately, profiling can and does occur depending on where you are traveling. So parents who don’t share the same last name as their children or who may appear to be another race or ethnicity may find they face extra scrutiny. The best way to avoid any surprises – just or not – is to err on the side of having this document even when it’s not necessarily required.

Identification Required for Kids for Domestic Travel

If you are traveling domestically, the answer to the ID question is a little more complicated but thankfully usually much easier. In most standard circumstances, identification is not required for minors for domestic travel within the USA. There are specific unique situations, however, where it can be.

What Identification is Needed at TSA Checkpoints?

For domestic travel, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) will not require you to have an ID for children under age 18 at the security checkpoint.

That said, TSA agents may well talk to your child to confirm their identity and to screen for cases of child abduction. Agents have asked my kids over the years for their names. In some circumstances, they’ve pointed to my husband or me and asked our children who we are. If you have kids who are shy or who take warnings of stranger danger to heart, let them know in advance of your trip that it’s ok for them to speak to these agents and to answer truthfully.

Related: Strategies for Speeding Through TSA Checkpoints with Kids

Special Situations Where Kids May Need ID for Domestic Travel

While the TSA won’t require identification for kids under age 18, many airlines have policies in specific circumstances where some form of ID will be required. It’s vital to know about these outlier circumstances so you don’t come to the airport unprepared.

Young Infants

A number of airlines have rules that prohibit or limit newborns from flying. Airline rules differ, with some airlines like Delta prohibiting newborns under 7 days old from flying on any flights. Others set limits only on international travel, including Southwest which limits infants 14 days old or younger from flying on international flights. Most airlines allow young infants under their age limits, however, to fly with a letter of permission from a physician.

Related: Essential Tips for Your Baby’s First Flight

If you are traveling with a newborn, it’s highly advised to bring a document like a birth certificate for proof of age. And if you are looking for an exception to an age minimum of any sort, a physician’s letter is essential.

Lap Children

When you are flying with a child who will be sitting in your lap (permitted for kids under age 2), having identification to prove age may be required. Some airlines will allow younger infants to board with no ID, as it’s normally obvious that very small babies are not yet near the maximum age cutoff. Families with older babies toddling and speaking always should carry proof of age no matter what the airline. Airline employees can ask at any time for proof to make sure the child is young enough to travel as a lap child.

Related: What to Consider before Flying with a Lap Child

If you are flying Southwest Airlines, however, do not leave ID at home no matter what the age of your lap child. Southwest is the only US carrier that absolutely requires identification of any and every lap child regardless of how old they appear. You’ll need to show it at the ticket counter to obtain a boarding verification document (that works like a boarding pass) for the lap child.

Are there some instances where passengers haven’t had to show documentation for their children on Southwest? For sure. But I’ve flown with a lap child on Southwest more than a dozen times, and I can assure you that every time I had to show proof of age, even with a kiddo as young as 4 months! You don’t want to chance this.

Related: Complete Guide to Flying Southwest with Kids

What kind of identification works for lap children? A simple copy of a birth certificate will usually suffice. No need to rush to the DMV to get your tot a state-issued ID card.

Birth certificates can, however, can take awhile to obtain after a child is born. If you need to fly with a young infant domestically, most airlines will also accept hospital discharge documentation or vaccination records from a pediatrician’s office. The key is that the document have the child’s date of birth on it. When in doubt, if you cannot obtain a birth certificate, call the airline you are flying beforehand to confirm alternatives.

Unaccompanied Minors & Minors Traveling Solo

Another circumstance in which identification may be required for a child is in the case of children flying alone. Again, each airline’s policy is different.

In this situation, age really matters. All US airlines permit older teens (usually ages 15+ but sometimes younger) to fly solo just like adults. And most of them also allow younger kids (often ages 5-14) to fly as unaccompanied minors by paying a fee for limited supervision by airline employees. Depending on the child’s age and circumstances, different documentation can be required.

For older teens under age 18 flying truly solo and not with an unaccompanied minor program, ID is almost always required. Since many kids in this age range won’t have a driver’s license or official government photo ID yet, some airlines (like United) will accept other forms of identification like a birth certificates or student IDs. Other airlines (like Delta), however, require that 15-17 year olds flying solo have the same kind of photo ID that is required of adults. So if your child doesn’t have a driver’s permit or license yet, you’ll likely need to pack a passport.

Younger kids flying as an unaccompanied minor may need some identification as well. This also varies based on the airline and the circumstance. For example, when my son flew earlier this year as an unaccompanied minor on Southwest, I had to show ID as his parent, but I was not asked to show identification for him. Officially, however, Southwest’s policy is that parents may need to show proof of age for the minor. We probably weren’t asked because I booked under my son’s Rapid Rewards account that includes his date of birth (and he clearly appears to be within the age range of the program).

Most other US airlines won’t ask for ID for unaccompanied minors in straightforward situations, but the important thing to note is that they can . So the safest course of action is to at least carry a birth certificate. I put a birth certificate in my son’s backpack anyway, so we were prepared!

Here are links to the relevant age and ID policies that may apply to minors flying solo or as unaccompanied minors on each major US airline:

• Alaska Airlines
• American Airlines
• Delta Airlines
• Frontier Airlines
• Hawaiian Airlines
• JetBlue Airways
• Southwest Airlines
• Spirit Airlines
• United Airlines

Additional Identification Air Travel Tips

• When in doubt, bring it : I know from lots of digging around fine print on the internet that it’s sometimes impossible to get a definitive answer about identification. When in doubt, I highly recommend you err on the side of packing more than you need rather than less. A passport book is the gold standard. For domestic travel an original birth certificate (with the raised seal) can be helpful in many circumstances too.
• Keep extra copies on the cloud : Back in the pre-internet old days of travel, most of us traveled with extra passport copies in a separate bag in case we lost the original. In the digital age, having backups is easier than ever. I keep a copy on the cloud of passports and birth certificates for everyone in the family. That way, I can easily access everything on my phone in cases of emergency.
• Take extra precautions in case of child custody disputes and divorce : It’s crucial in situations of divorce or shared custody that parents have all of their legal ducks in a row before boarding a plane with their child, even for a simple hop across state lines. As a former attorney myself, I strongly suggest you consult your own legal counsel. Always make sure travel is permitted and that you know what additional documentation you need to bring to avoid any potential issues.

The post Do Kids Need ID to Fly? Travel Identification Info for Every Age appeared first on Trips With Tykes .

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  U.S. Department of Health and Human Services | National Institutes of Health

• IRB Templates
• Created by Swan, Jeremy (NIH/NICHD) [C] , last modified by Marchi, Anthony (NIH/OD) [C] on Jun 09, 2021

Consent Templates and Guidance

The templates on this page are intended to help investigators construct documents that are as short as possible and written in plain language.  The informed consent form (ICF) templates provided by the IRB comply with federal regulations. 

Considerations Before Writing the Consent Document

Tips for Developing a New Consent Form

Writing a consent form that uses plain language, and that is brief and clear, requires substantial effort. This effort can be lessened by using the consent template and adding the required information from the consent library (see more information below). However, making the effort to develop consents with these attributes, at the time of the initial submission, will greatly speed up the approval of the study. To get your consent form (s) approved quickly, it is incumbent upon the study team to create clear, simple consent documents.

Getting your Consent Form (ICF) Approved Quickly

To create clear, simple consent documents:

• Follow the instructions in the NIH IRB's template;
• Adhere to the template design specified int the MS Word Style Sheet - margins, type size, font choices, use of bold, etc. - which can be used to control formatting;
• Refer to the PRISM Readability Toolkit which contains information about the principles of Plain Language, and examples for improving readability.
• The IRB has compiled a document entitled  Consent Library which includes Plain Language descriptions of procedures and corresponding risk information. The document can be downloaded as an MS Word file. The IRB does not intend that investigators must use the exact wording for most procedures. Both the descriptions of the procedures, and the associated risks, may be modified and adapted to match each study's specific requirements, with a few exceptions which are noted in the document;
• Target the reading level as close as possible to Grades 6 - 8;
• Have someone without a medical background, who is unfamiliar with the study, review the consent form;
• Edit, revise, and edit again - until the document is clear and concise.

Additional Resources for Consent Forms

• PRISM Readability Toolkit
• Side Effect Tables for Common Oncology Drugs
• Side Effect Tables of Common Oncology Drug Regimens

Standard Language

The IRB has assembled a compendium of procedure descriptions and their associated risks from consent forms.  This document, called the “consent library” is found below.   To expedite approval of the study consent forms, study teams should use these examples.  The examples serve as a starting point and should be modified as necessary to match the requirements of the specific study.  There is some language inserted which cannot be altered (e.g. radiation risk language and GINA language); those sections are noted in the document. 

For any questions about the use of this language in your consent, please contact [email protected] .

Library of Consent Language:

There are Currently No Attachments

Consent Templates for use at NIH sites

The ICF template contains all of the required elements of informed consent per the Revised Common Rule. If you follow this template, your consent will be compliant with all of the regulations.  Please check out the Consent FAQs for more information.

If you need a 508 compliant version of a template that can be read by a screen reader, please contact the IRB Office by email at [email protected] .

What if the sponsor or study group has provided a model consent, or you are submitting a consent to an external IRB?

Rewriting model consent forms from Sponsors to attempt to fit the NIH consent form templates often results in consents that do not satisfy regulatory or NIH requirements. The NIH IRB will accept and approve an ICF that differs from the NIH templates, provided that the document contains all of the required, and any applicable optional elements, as required by the HHS Common Rule (45 CFR 46) and if applicable, FDA regulations (21 CFR 50), and  it is well written .

The consent form must include the required elements and optional elements under the federal regulations. In addition, it must include NIH required language: the document header must identify the NIH site; the NIH PI (and not an external PI) must be listed and their contact information provided; NIH's injury language must be used; the NIH Privacy Act and Certificate of Confidentiality language must be used; and the NIH footer must be used at the bottom of the ICF, so that the eIRB system can stamp the form.

Note there are items that often appear in a model consent that are NOT allowed at the NIH: Sponsor research injury language and HIPAA language should all be removed, European Union General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) language must also be removed.

You can insert a model consent form into the following consent templates, whether the NIH is the reviewing IRB, or we are relying on an external IRB.

The NCI CIRB has approved specific local context forms into which the model consent should be inserted:

For all other external IRBs or for a study where you receive a model consent and the NIH is the reviewing IRB, use the following local consent template when research will occur in the Clinical Center (CC):

What if the NIH is the Lead Site and/or Sponsor and needs to write a model consent form to distribute to participating sites?

If the protocol will be conducted at multiple sites, then a model consent should be developed that all participating sites will insert into their local template. In addition, space must be provided to include the local context language for the site.  Use the template below to create the model consent, which is specific to the protocol, but not specific to any one of the sites. This model consent must be submitted to the IRB for review/approval prior to distribution to the sites.

Model Consent Template when NIH is the Lead Site:

Creating an Informed Consent for Verbal Consent 

What is commonly known as verbal consent, is in regulatory terms, referred to as informed consent with waiver of documentation. The same regulatory elements of written informed consent are required for verbal consent. The "verbal script" that must be developed is essentially a consent form to that will be read to the prospective subject.

Note that if you are conducting a study off-site (i.e., subjects will not be registered as patients at the Clinical Center), then you should include the Privacy Act language as part of the script. (This can be found in the Consent Library.)

When you use a verbal script, you must document the consent process in the medical or research record (as applicable).

Single Patient IND/Expanded Access

The need for an investigational drug or biologic may arise in an emergency situation that does not allow time for submission of an IND. The FDA can authorize shipment of the test article (drug, biologic or device) in advance of the IND/IDE submission.  Information about the process for physicians can be found on this FDA website and this additional website.

The FDA requirements and regulations for an emergency IND for the use of an investigational drug or biologic, are slightly different than for an emergency use of a device. In both situations, FDA must conclude that the use of the test article is for a "serious or life-threatening disease or condition and there is no comparable or satisfactory alternative therapy to diagnose, monitor, or treat the disease or condition."

Emergency Use is a special category of the Expanded Access to Investigational Drugs for Treatment Use. Most of the time, the IRB will have sufficient time to review investigators’ requests for expanded access to an investigational drug. Even though only a single individual (or a small group) will receive the investigational drug, this is considered research (a clinical investigation) under the FDA regulations, since the product is yet not approved by the FDA.

2017 FDA Guidance: IRB Concurrence

On October 3, 2017, the FDA issued new guidance regarding individual patient expanded access INDs. The new pathway still involves a submission to the IRB, but the IRB can now provide concurrence by the Chair, or another IRB member, rather than review and approval by the convened board. To use this pathway, the sponsor-investigator needs to request 'Authorization to Use Alternative IRB Review Procedures' from the FDA. This can be done either on FDA form 3926 (section 10.b.), or, if submitting using a FDA form 1571 , by a separate attachment to the FDA. Note: This pathway is only available when a physician sponsor-investigator will hold the IND; it is not available when the pharmaceutical sponsor will hold the IND.

To obtain concurrence, the sponsor-investigator should select "Single Patient Expanded Access Application" in iRIS, complete the submission, and attach the documentation that was submitted to the FDA (e.g. FDA form 3926).

Consent Template for Single Patient Treatment IND or IDE (expanded access)

This consent form is an example, designed specifically for Expanded Access use, including Single Patient emergency, or non-emergency, use. It is assumed that this template will be used as a starting point and might need modifications to adapt to the single patient to be treated. The example assumes the use of a drug or device. The actual content will vary depending on the nature of the investigational agent or device, and whether procedures are done as part of the clinical investigation or for clinical care. Note that our consent template for this refers to the use of the product as treatment, and not as research. 

Expanded Access (including single patient) Consent Template:

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Hospitals Must Get Written Patient Consent for Pelvic Exams, H.H.S. Says

In a letter to teaching hospitals, the federal health agency said that institutions could lose Medicare funding if they didn’t comply.

By Emma Goldberg

The Department of Health and Human Services said on Monday that hospitals must obtain written informed consent from patients before they undergo sensitive examinations — like pelvis and prostate exams — especially if the patients will be under anesthesia.

A New York Times investigation in 2020 found that hospitals, doctors and doctors in training sometimes conducted pelvic exams on women who were under anesthesia, even when those exams were not medically necessary and when the patient had not authorized them. Sometimes these exams were done only for the educational benefit of medical trainees.

On Monday, the secretary of Health and Human Services, along with top officials from the department’s Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and Office for Civil Rights, sent a letter to the country’s teaching hospitals and medical schools denouncing the practice of doctors and students conducting the exams without explicit consent.

“The Department is aware of media reports as well as medical and scientific literature highlighting instances where, as part of medical students’ courses of study and training, patients have been subjected to sensitive and intimate examinations,” the letter said. “It is critically important that hospitals set clear guidelines to ensure providers and trainees performing these examinations first obtain and document informed consent.”

The department issued a set of guidelines clarifying a longstanding requirement that hospitals must obtain written informed consent as a condition for participating in Medicare and Medicaid programs.

“Patients who are participating in future clinicians’ education should be aware, should have the opportunity to consent, should be given the same opportunity to participate in that education that they would be given if they were awake and fully clothed,” said Ashley Weitz, who underwent an unauthorized pelvic exam while she was under sedation in an emergency room. “We can only expect to have better trust in medicine when both patients and providers can expect a standard of care that prioritizes patient consent.”

Emma Goldberg is a business reporter covering workplace culture and the ways work is evolving in a time of social and technological change. More about Emma Goldberg