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Vaccines, malaria pills recommended for Thailand? - Thailand Forum

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Vaccines, malaria pills recommended for Thailand?

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Would you recommend me getting any vaccine, pill anything to avoid contracting any disease?

E.g. malaria, etc.? I know here's no preventative vaccination for dengue, nor zika...

I will be using insect repellent sprays all the time. Hopefully, it helps. But, not sure if it's enough.

Thanks in advance!

' class=

Asking your doctor would be the right place to seek information about a medical question.

I thought the first step should be this forum: since it's about Thailand.

My doctor doesn't know a thing about Thailand but could help me with the medication/vaccines that would be needed. I would then have to tell the doctor exactly what medication/vaccine I would require.

malaria medication for travel to thailand

Here's the NHS advice...

http://www.fitfortravel.nhs.uk/destinations/asia-(east)/thailand.aspx

If your doctor cannot tell you what to do or where to go he or she is not that smart! Don't know what country you are from. Some country State Department or Home Office websites have information for shots you might need. A simple Google search on travel medicine websites can be helpful too. Forum search with your computer will give you posts from tourists asking the same question. Use a laptop to access those posts.

Some tourists do nothing ahead of time. Some long term expats or frequent visitors claim to never take any travel meds. Me, I have managed care that pays for any shots. I get several that other long term expats never take because I never know if I will suddenly decide to go to Africa, South America or some other place I haven't been to in decades. I have been on flights that were diverted to different countries for emergencies.

I do not get rabies shots. If I have plans to travel to an area where malaria is a possibility I use Doxycycline which is easy and cheap to get in Thailand. Some preventatives you must begin ahead of time. A competent doctor should be able to advise you or send you to the right specialist.

Simple Google search:

http://www.travelhealth.ie/Vaccinations%2DSoutheast%2DAsia/

https://www.travelclinicsofamerica.com/destinations/asia/

With few exceptions, we are not doctors. For medical advice you see a professional!

@ Jetsnail,

So I would rather listen to somebody with a supposedly professional knowledge about these things than to somebody you don't know at all.

Assume everything you touch leading up to that meal is contaminated with excrement, blood, urine, snot or other disgusting stuff. That "stuff" is transferred to your hands. Then that lovely menu of contamination is rubbed off on food you touch unless you clean your hands off!

For some tourists the only time they clean their hands off is at their hotel! I guess they figure everything they touch during the day is safe! 5 5 5

I never sliced up my bread, toast and rolls into little pieces for eating with a fork. Gotta try that for for the heck of it! 5 5 5

On the other hand, one gent leaves his smelly toilet stall and without washing his hand he uses the door handle to leave. Other guys use the same handle, some wash their hands and some do not. Down the street a bit you see tourists handling drippy fruit with their bare hands, licking their fingers clean, etc. Or guys sharing greasy, sticky pizza slices, licking their fingers every now and then!

Um, um "finger licking good!"

Asking a doctor or Health department is far better than TA. Although, many of us have had different vaccines and all, each Health Department will have an idea. If your doctor doesn't , i would change doctors as fast as i could. We rely on them for help...At least i do. Health Departments have lists of what you should look into for each country.

I eat Thai food, so rarely have toast or bread. I certainly won't be eating toast and bread rolls for lunch or dinner. Still some people no doubt will have to have their toast and pizza.

I agree many western doctors have little idea and just go by a website, in UK it's: http://www.fitfortravel.nhs.uk/home.aspx

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malaria medication for travel to thailand

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S. DAVID SHAHBODAGHI, MD, MPH, AND NICHOLAS A. RATHJEN, DO

Editor's Note:  This article has been updated to incorporate the February 2023 guidance update from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

This is a corrected version of the article that appeared in print.

Am Fam Physician. 2022;106(3):270-278

Author disclosure: No relevant financial relationships.

Each year, malaria causes an estimated 500,000 deaths worldwide. Most of these deaths occur in Africa and disproportionally affect children younger than five years worldwide. Human malarial disease is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium . The primary means of infection is through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. The incidence of malaria in the United States has increased since 2011, in conjunction with the increase in worldwide travel. An estimated 2,000 cases of malaria occur annually in the United States. All travelers to malaria-endemic regions should be prescribed prophylaxis. Malaria has a broad range of clinical presentations. Travelers who have symptoms of malaria should seek medical attention as soon as possible. All febrile travelers who have recently returned from a malarious area should be evaluated for malaria. The accurate, timely, and species-specific diagnosis of malaria is essential for successful treatment. Direct microscopy of Giemsa-stained blood smears is the reference standard for laboratory diagnosis. Rapid testing for malaria has emerged as an important adjunctive diagnostic modality. Malaria treatment is determined by individual patient factors and geography. The World Health Organization recommends treating uncomplicated cases of malaria with artemisinin combination therapy. [corrected] Severe malaria is mainly caused by Plasmodium falciparum . Children, pregnant patients, and people who are not from endemic regions are at highest risk of severe malaria. Intravenous artesunate is the treatment of choice for severe malaria.

Malaria has infected humans since the beginning of recorded history. 1 Some estimates place its total mortality burden at one-half of all people who have ever lived. 2 Each year, the disease continues to cause an estimated 500,000 deaths worldwide. 2 Most of these deaths occur in Africa and disproportionally affect children younger than five years worldwide. 3

Human malarial disease is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium , which has five known species: P. falciparum , P. vivax , P. ovale , P. malariae , and the emerging zoonotic parasite P. knowlesi . Most deaths are caused by P. falciparum . 4 The primary means of human infection is through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito.

Malaria poses a threat to one-half of the world's population. 5 The incidence of malaria in the United States has continued to increase annually since 2011, in conjunction with the increase in worldwide travel. 6 Malaria, formerly endemic to the United States, was successfully eradicated in the country during the mid-20th century. 7 In the United States today, malaria is almost exclusively found in travelers to and immigrants from endemic regions of the world. 7 However, transmission can rarely occur via other means, such as exposure to infected blood products, congenital transmission, or local mosquito-borne outbreaks. 8 In the United States, an estimated 2,000 cases of malaria occur annually. 7

Before a patient travels internationally, the physician should conduct a personalized risk assessment, including travel location, the season of travel, and the proposed itinerary. The regions with the highest rates of malaria transmission are sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and Southeast Asia. The risk of contracting malaria varies seasonally, with the highest risk occurring during and just after the rainy season, typically between May and December. 9

The primary method of malaria prevention is avoiding mosquito bites. Anopheles mosquitoes primarily feed at night; most malaria transmission occurs between dusk and dawn. Prevention strategies include personal protective measures such as using insecticide-treated bed nets, wearing clothes that minimize exposed skin, and applying mosquito-repelling chemicals. The most effective insect repellents contain 20% to 30% N , N -diethyl- m -toluamide (DEET) or 20% picaridin. 10 Higher concentrations are not associated with greater protection. Applying permethrin to clothing increases protection against penetrating insect bites. 11

All travelers to malaria-endemic regions should be prescribed prophylaxis. 9 The choice of agent should be based on location and duration of travel, malarial resistance patterns, and the patient's medical history ( Table 1 12 , 13 ) . All prevention regimens involve beginning the medication before departure, taking the medication while in the high-risk area, and continuing the medication for a defined period after travel has ended. The use of antimalarial agents does not negate the need for personal protective measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides country-specific prophylaxis recommendations at http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/travelers/country_table/a.html .

In 2021, the first malaria vaccine approved for widespread use was recommended by the World Health Organization for the prevention of P. falciparum malaria in children living in endemic areas. The vaccine has been administered to more than 1 million children in Ghana, Malawi, and Kenya. 14 , 15

Clinical Presentation

The clinical presentation of malaria ranges from asymptomatic parasitemia or uncomplicated disease to severe disease or death. The differential diagnosis of malaria is summarized in Table 2 . 16 Symptoms of malaria can develop within six to seven days of exposure, but the presentation may be delayed for several months after leaving an endemic region. 17 Symptomatic malaria is characterized by fevers, chills, headaches, myalgias, and malaise. It may also present as fever without a specific or obvious cause or as gastrointestinal symptoms in children. There are no typical features of malaria. 10 , 17

In the absence of a detailed travel history, malaria is often misdiagnosed as a nonspecific viral illness. 18 Travelers who have symptoms of malaria should seek medical attention as soon as possible, regardless of whether prophylaxis or preventive measures were used. All febrile travelers who have recently returned from a malarious area should be evaluated for malaria. 19 Suspicion of P. falciparum malaria is a medical emergency. Physicians should use only laboratory-based diagnostic methods. 18 Because most patients with malaria have no specific fever pattern, a pattern should not be considered in the diagnosis. 17 Clinical deterioration or death can occur within 24 to 36 hours in a malaria-naive patient. 7

Diagnostic Testing

The accurate, timely, and species-specific diagnosis of malaria is essential for successful treatment. Microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears is the reference standard for laboratory diagnosis. Thick blood smears are used to detect the presence of malarial parasites, and thin blood smears are used to determine the species and quantify parasitemia. 18 , 20 When malaria is suspected, urgent microscopy should be performed by an individual with expertise in examining blood smears and diagnosing malaria. 17 Multiple blood smears may be needed to produce a positive result. Three negative results, 12 hours apart, are needed to rule out malaria. 21

Rapid testing for malaria has emerged as an important adjunctive diagnostic modality. Rapid diagnostic tests have excellent sensitivity and negative predictive value with results available in five to 20 minutes. 22 , 23 Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria are simple to use, do not require laboratory facilities or diagnostic expertise, and enable prompt diagnosis. 24 However, rapid diagnostic tests can detect only P. falciparum and P. vivax , and they do not provide data regarding parasite density. 17 , 23 , 24 In the United States, rapid diagnostic tests for malaria should be used only in conjunction with thick and thin blood smears. 23 , 24 The usefulness of these rapid tests ends with diagnosis because further testing and monitoring must be completed via microscopy. 23 Binax-NOW is the only rapid diagnostic test approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for malaria, 25 but a variety of other assays are available worldwide.

The CDC-recommended treatment of malaria is based on four variables: the clinical status of the patient (uncomplicated vs. severe disease), the species involved, the patient's history of prophylaxis, and the geographic region where the infection occurred. 25 Under certain circumstances, laboratory testing may not be readily available. If clinical suspicion for malaria is high, empiric treatment should be initiated promptly, especially in the setting of severe disease. Patients who used prophylaxis should be treated with different antimalarial medications than those used for prophylaxis. 13 , 25 , 26

Patients who are immunocompromised, patients with no previous malarial immunity, children, pregnant patients, and patients with signs of severe disease should be hospitalized. Severe disease is defined as the presence of at least one of the following: impaired consciousness (Glasgow Coma Scale score less than 11), convulsions, severe anemia (hemoglobin less than 7 g per dL [70 g per L] in adults or less than 5 g per dL [50 g per L] in children younger than 12 years), acute kidney injury, hypoglycemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acidosis, coma, liver dysfunction, or parasite density greater than 5%. 25

Hospitalized patients should receive standard supportive care, including intravenous fluids, antipyretics, and antiemetics. Outpatient treatment with close clinical follow-up can be considered in patients without an indication for hospitalization. Malaria specialists are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week to aid physicians with diagnosis and treatment ( Table 3 ) .

UNCOMPLICATED MALARIA

The World Health Organization recommends treating uncomplicated cases of malaria with artemisinin combination therapy (ACT), which comprises an artemisinin derivative and a partner drug. However, artemisinin should not be used in the first trimester of pregnancy with the exception of artemether/lumefantrine (Coartem), which is acceptable for all trimesters ( https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/new_info/2023/Coartem.html ). 26  [ corrected] ACTs are well tolerated and highly effective against all Plasmodium species. Patients should be informed that counterfeit and substandard antimalarials are widespread in resource-limited and lower-income countries.

Malaria Caused by Plasmodium falciparum or Unknown Species . If ACT is not available and the infection likely occurred in an area with chloroquine-sensitivity, chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) may be used. If ACT is unavailable and the infection occurred in an area with chloroquine resistance, atovaquone/proguanil (Malarone), a combination of quinine (Qualaquin) plus tetracycline, doxycycline, or clindamycin (Cleocin) should be used. Mefloquine is a treatment of last resort. Table 4 summarizes treatment options for acute uncomplicated malaria. 25 , 26

Malaria Caused by Plasmodium ovale or Plasmodium vivax. Initial treatment is the same as for uncomplicated malaria due to P. falciparum or unknown species, as described previously. In addition, patients infected with P. ovale or P. vivax require treatment against hypnozoites (dormant forms), which are responsible for relapsing infections. Patients should be tested for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency because the drugs of choice, primaquine and tafenoquine, are associated with hemolytic anemia in people with G6PD deficiency. Tafenoquine should not be used in patients younger than 16 years or in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Tafenoquine is used only if chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine was used for the acute infection.

For people with G6PD deficiency who cannot tolerate primaquine or tafenoquine, chloroquine prophylaxis should be continued for one year. In those with intermediate G6PD deficiency, primaquine may be considered in close consultation with infectious disease or tropical medicine specialists. Table 5 summarizes antirelapse treatment options. 25 , 26

Malaria Caused by Plasmodium malariae or Plasmodium knowlesi. Although resistance to chloroquines is not widely documented with P. malariae or P. knowlesi , the World Health Organization recommends the use of ACT, regardless of geographic region of infection. 26 P. knowlesi is associated with severe disease, and patients should be hospitalized if this species is isolated. If ACT is not available and the infection is likely from a chloroquine-sensitive area, chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine may be used. 25 , 26

SEVERE MALARIA

P. falciparum and, to a lesser degree, P. knowlesi cause almost all cases of severe malaria. 26 Children, pregnant patients, and people who are not from endemic regions are at highest risk of severe malaria. Intravenous artesunate is the treatment of choice for severe disease and should be initiated as soon as possible ( Table 6 ) . 25 , 26 The dosage for adults and children is 2.4 mg per kg at 0, 12, and 24 hours. Blood smears should be obtained every 12 hours. If the parasite density is less than 1% at least four hours after the third dose, the patient should be transitioned to a full course of an oral medication, ideally ACT. If the parasite density is greater than 1% after the third artesunate dose, artesunate should be continued as a single daily dose until parasitemia is less than 1%, not to exceed seven days. Artesunate is well tolerated, and allergy to artemisinins is the only absolute contraindication. 25 , 26

If artesunate is not immediately available, the preferred oral medication for severe disease is artemether/lumefantrine (Coartem). Other options also include atovaquone/proguanil, quinine, and mefloquine. Tetracyclines and clindamycin should not be used because of their delayed onset of action. Once intravenous artesunate therapy becomes available, the oral medication should be discontinued.

The CDC no longer recommends the use of exchange transfusions as an adjunctive therapy for severe malaria. 25 All patients treated for severe malaria should be evaluated for hemolytic anemia within 30 days after completing treatment.

PREGNANT PATIENTS

Malaria is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in pregnant patients. ACTs may be used in the second and third trimesters except for artemether/lumefantrine, which may be used in the first trimester as well. [corrected] Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and quinine with clindamycin or mefloquine may be used throughout pregnancy. Artemether/lumefantrine may be used in the first trimester if no other options are available. Primaquine should not be used during pregnancy. Tafenoquine should not be used in patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Infants born to mothers who had P. vivax or P. ovale infection during pregnancy should be tested for G6PD deficiency. If results are normal, the mother should be treated with primaquine while breastfeeding. If G6PD deficiency is diagnosed, chloroquine should be used for one year after the initial treatment to prevent relapse. 25 , 26

This article updates previous articles on this topic by Johnson and Kalra , 8 Lo Re and Gluckman , 27 and Juckett . 28

Data Sources: PubMed was searched using the key words prevention, diagnosis, treatment, malaria, surveillance, travel medicine, chemoprophylaxis, and malaria treatment. The search was limited to English-language studies published since 2000. Secondary references from the key articles identified by the search were also used. Search dates: January 2018, October 2021, June 2022.

The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the U.S. Army Medical Department or the U.S. Army at large.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The history of malaria, an ancient disease. Last reviewed November 14, 2018. Accessed October 23, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history

Whitfield J. Portrait of a serial killer [published online October 3, 2002]. Nature . Accessed October 23, 2021. https://www.nature.com/articles/news021001-6

World Health Organization. World malaria report 2021. Accessed May 20, 2022. https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/reports/world-malaria-report-2021

  • Foster WA, Walker ED. Mosquitoes ( Culicidae ). In: Mullen GR, Durden LA, eds. Medical and Veterinary Entomology . 3rd ed. Elsevier; 2019:261–325.
  • Dye-Braumuller KC, Kanyangarara M. Malaria in the USA: how vulnerable are we to future outbreaks?  Curr Trop Med Rep. 2021;8(1):43-51.

Cullen KA, Mace KE, Arguin PM Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Malaria surveillance—United States, 2013. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2016;65(2):1-22.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About malaria. Accessed October 23, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/index.html

  • Johnson BA, Kalra MG. Prevention of malaria in travelers [published correction appears in Am Fam Physician . 2012;86(3):222]. Am Fam Physician. 2012;85(10):973-977.

Briët OJ, Vounatsou P, Gunawardena DM, et al. Temporal correlation between malaria and rainfall in Sri Lanka. Malar J. 2008;7:77.

Sanford C, McConnell A, Osborn J. The pretravel consultation. Am Fam Physician. 2016;94(8):620-627.

Banks SD, Murray N, Wilder-Smith A, et al. Insecticide-treated clothes for the control of vector-borne diseases: a review on effectiveness and safety. Med Vet Entomol. 2014;28(suppl 1):14-25.

Bazemore AW, Huntington M. The pretravel consultation. Am Fam Physician. 2009;80(6):583-590.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Choosing a drug to prevent malaria. Last reviewed November 15, 2018. Accessed December 4, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/travelers/drugs.html

World Health Organization. Malaria vaccine implementation programme. Accessed March 9, 2022. https://www.who.int/initiatives/malaria-vaccine-implementation-programme

Alonso PL, O'Brien KL. A malaria vaccine for Africa—an important step in a century-long quest. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(11):1005-1007.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book 2020: Health Information for International Travel . Oxford University Press; 2019. October 23, 2021. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/yellowbook-home-2020

Lalloo DG, Shingadia D, Bell DJ, et al.; PHE Advisory Committee on Malaria Prevention in UK Travellers. UK malaria treatment guidelines 2016. J Infect. 2016;72(6):635-649.

Amir A, Cheong F-W, De Silva JR, et al. Diagnostic tools in childhood malaria. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11(1):53.

Plewes K, Leopold SJ, Kingston HWF, et al. Malaria: what's new in the management of malaria?. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2019;33(1):39-60.

Feder HM, Mansilla-Rivera K. Fever in returning travelers: a case-based approach. Am Fam Physician. 2013;88(8):524-530.

Mbakilwa H, Manga C, Kibona S, et al. Quality of malaria microscopy in 12 district hospital laboratories in Tanzania. Pathog Glob Health. 2012;106(6):330-334.

World Health Organization. Malaria rapid diagnostic test performance: results of WHO product testing of malaria RDTs: round 6 (2014–2015). Accessed March 9, 2022. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/204118/9789241510035_eng.pdf

Enane LA, Sullivan KV, Spyridakis E, et al. Clinical impact of malaria rapid diagnostic testing at a US children's hospital. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2020;9(3):298-304.

Maltha J, Gillet P, Jacobs J. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests in travel medicine. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19(5):408-415.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Treatment of malaria: guidelines for clinicians (United States). Last reviewed November 2, 2020. Accessed October 23, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/clinicians1.html

World Health Organization. WHO guidelines for malaria. February 16, 2021. Accessed October 23, 2021. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/who-guidelines-malaria

  • Lo Re V III, Gluckman SJ. Prevention of malaria in travelers. Am Fam Physician . 2003;68(3):509–514.

Juckett G. Malaria prevention in travelers. Am Fam Physician. 1999;59(9):2523-2530.

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  • v.40(1); 2002 Mar

Management of malaria in Thailand

Udomsak silachamroon.

Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.

Srivicha Krudsood

Nanthaphorn phophak, sornchai looareesuwan.

The purpose of treatment for uncomplicated malaria is to produce a radical cure using the combination of: artesunate (4 mg/kg/day) plus mefloquine (8 mg/kg day) for 3 days; a fixed dose of artemether and lumefantrine (20/120 mg tablet) named Coartem® (4 tablets twice a day for three days for adults weighing more than 35 kg); quinine 10 mg/kg 8-hourly plus tetracycline 250 mg 6-hourly for 7 days (or doxycycline 200 mg as an alternative to tetracycline once a day for 7 days) in patients aged 8 years and over; Malarone® (in adult 4 tablets daily for 3 days). In treating severe malaria, early diagnosis and treatment with a potent antimalarial drug is recommended to save the patient's life. The antimalarial drugs of choice are: intravenous quinine or a parenteral form of an artemisinin derivative (artesunate i.v./i.m. for 2.4 mg/kg followed by 1.2 mg/kg injection at 12 and 24 hr and then daily for 5 days; artemether i.m. 3.2 mg/kg injection followed by 1.6 mg/kg at 12 and 24 hrs and then daily for 5 days; arteether i.m. (Artemotil®) with the same dose of artemether or artesunate suppository (5 mg/kg) given rectally 12 hourly for 3 days. Oral artemisinin derivatives (artesunate, artemether, and dihydroartemisinin with 4 mg/kg/day) could replace parenteral forms when patients can tolerate oral medication. Oral mefloquine (25 mg/kg divided into two doses 8 hrs apart) should be given at the end of the artemisinin treatment course to reduce recrudescence.

INTRODUCTION

Antimalarial drug resistance can be prevented, or at least delayed. Malaria must be treated adequately and selective pressures should be minimised. Currently recommended methods for assessing drug resistance in high-transmission areas ignores low-grade resistance, however, this is the stage at which preventive measures are most effective. Experimentally, drug resistance can be induced most efficiently by repeatedly reducing the parasite load (in vivo or in vitro) with antimalarial drug treatment that is not sufficient to eradicate. This is what happens in vivo with inadequately treated malaria either as a result of the parasite load inappropriate prescription, poor compliance, or occasionally unusual pharmacokinetic properties of the drug. Factors that contribute to treatment failures depend on three major elements (the host, the agent and the drug) ( Table 1 ). Complete treatment courses with adequate antimalarial doses must be given ( Looareesuwan et al., 1992b ). For example, in order to ensure eradication of all the parasites, short acting drugs such as artemisinin and its derivatives or quinine are necessary to be present at therapeutic concentrations for at least four asexual cycles (a 7-day treatment course). Drugs which persist for weeks or months at sub-therapeutic levels in the blood cannot offer complete protection no matter how well prescribed. In management of malaria, early diagnosis and treatment with potent antimalarials are the fundamental components of effective strategy. If patients deteriorate, they should be referred to a hospital. Correct use of an effective antimalarial drug will not only shorten the duration of malaria illness, but also reduce the incidence of complications and the risk of death. Antimalarial drug resistance has spread and intensified over the past 40 years leading to a dramatic decline in the efficacy of the most affordable antimalarial drugs ( Table 3 ). Moreover, new drug development has not kept pace, and problems related to the distribution and use of existing drugs have wondered, thus compounding the situation. Therefore, the rational use of artemisinin derivatives in combination with long-acting drugs has now been promoted ( Table 3 , ​ ,4 4 ).

Therapeutic responses depend upon

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Antimalarial drugs exploited since 1930

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Artemisinin derivatives in combination under development

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USE OF COMBINATION THERAPY

Many countries challenged by endemic malaria are beginning to face a situation in which there are no affordable, effective antimalarial drugs. Combination therapy offers hope for preserving the efficacy of existing antimalarial drugs and prolonging their useful therapeutic usage, although then may not necessarily provide better treatment for consumers. The development of artemisinin and its derivatives, the most rapidly acting of all the current antimalarial drugs, and the recognition of their potential role as a component of combination therapy have led to several large trials aimed at assessing different combinations of existing drugs and to the specific development of new combination drugs. In addition, several countries have been evaluating, drug combinations that do not include artemisinin as potential first-line treatments. These changes have provided the impetus for updating and rationalisation of antimalarial treatment policies.

The potential usefulness of drug combinations, notably those including an artemisinin derivative, to improve efficacy, delay development and selection of drug-resistant parasites, thereby prolonging the useful therapeutic life of existing antimalarial drugs, is widely adopted. Combination therapy is a standard practice in the treatment of other disease such as tuberculosis, various cancers and HIV. The reason behind the combination therapy is that resistance is due to mutations in genes controlling the structure/activity of the therapeutic target. The chance of emergence of a mutant that is simultaneously resistant to two drugs with different action mechanisms is the product of mutation rates to the respective drugs, multiplied by the number of cells exposed to the drugs. Combination of two antimalarial drugs with different modes of action often increases efficacy and protects against the emergence of resistance. Combinations that do not contain an artemisinin derivative could be a preferred option in some countries for the reasons of cost and accessibility. However, the combination of an artemisinin derivative with a long acting antimalarial is preferred, because artemisinin will act on the first part and the residual parasites are cleared by long acting drug ( Table 4 ). Standard doses of both drugs are used. Although there is an increased potential for toxicity, this had not been proved to be a problem in practice. However, combination therapy is a viable option for countries that have already widespread resistance of P. falciparum to chloroquine, amodiaquine, and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, provided that the issues of cost and the complexity of implementation can be adequately addressed. More data on factors affecting access to treatment in endemic countries, including health-seeking behavior, should be explored. There is a need for an ongoing system of monitoring antimalarial sensitivity patterns in Southeast Asia, where more accurate information bases and international exchanges are also required. Efforts should be made to intensify the support for resistance monitoring and to develop improved easy-to-use tools, kits and methods to facilitate this activity.

NEW ANTIMALARIAL DRUG TRIALS IN THAILAND

New antimalarial drugs that have been investigated in recent years at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand are as follows ( Looareesuwan et al., 1998a ; Looareesuwan et al., 1998b ): Atovaquone, a hydroxynaphthoquine, was evaluated and it was found that atovaquone alone proved to be safe and effective. All patients treated had clinical cure, however, one third of the patients had late recrudescence (RI). When atovaquone was combined with proguanil, the cure rate increased to 100% ( Looareesuwan et al., 1999a ; Looareesuwan et al., 1999b ). This combination has been developed as a fixed combination drug (Malarone®). Artemisinin derivatives such as artesunate, artemether, arteether and dihydroartemisinin were also tested. Artesunate and artemether alone at a total dose of 600 to 750 mg given over 5-7 days produced 80% to 95% cure rates. However, when combined with mefloquine (1,250 mg total dose) the cure rates increased to 95-100% ( Looareesuwan et al., 1992a ; Bunnag et al., 1992 ; Looareesuwan et al., 1997a ; Looareesuwan et al., 1997b ). Artesunate and dihydroartemisinin suppositories have proved to be successful for the treatment of severe malaria ( Looareesuwan et al., 1997c ; Looareesuwan et al., 1995 ; Wilairatana et al., 1997 ; Wilairatana et al., 2000 ). The artemisinin derivatives (600-750 mg), when used in combination with mefloquine (1,250 mg) over 3 days in adults, improved cure rates (95-100%). Dihydroartemisinin alone with a total dose of 480 mg given over 5 days gave a cute rate of 90% ( Looareesuwan et al., 1996a ; Wilairatana et al., 1998 ). Arteether, a WHO/TDR-supported drug, has been evaluated in the hospital and now has been licensed as Artemotil® for the use in severe malaria ( Looareesuwan et al., 2001 ). Other combinations (artemisinin derivatives combined with lumefantrine or doxycycline and mefloquine combined with tetracycline or doxycycline) have also been evaluated with improvement of cure rates ( Looareesuwan et al., 1994a ; Looareesuwan et al., 1994b ). Recently, a fixed combination drug (artemether puls lumefantrine) named Coartem® (given as six doses on 72 hours) has proved to be a safe and effective drug for the treatment of falciparum malaria and has been authorized for the use in many western countries ( Looareesuwan et al., 1999c ; van Vugt et al., 1999 ). At present, studies with combinations of artemisinin derivatives plus mefloquine (in various doses and duration of treatment) are being investigated. In general, artemisinin derivatives (12 mg/kg given over 2-3 days) combined with mefloquine (25 mg/kg total dose) has been a standard regimen for the treatment of multidrug resistant falciparum malaria in Thailand. Until proven otherwise, drug combinations are still remaining the recommended agents for treating patients suffering from acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria contracted in multidrug resistant areas.

MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE MALARIA

Hospital based data indicates that death from severe falciparum malaria varies from 10-40% depending upon the time lag between initial symptoms and effective treatment and hospital facilities for the management of its complications ( WHO, 2000 ). The disease can progress so rapidly that survival of a patient who is rapidly evolving from uncomplicated malaria and can no longer take oral drugs normally available at the periphery depends upon speedy access of facilities where treatment can be given through the parenteral route. Clinical criterias for referral to a higher level of health care are shown in Table 2 . Symptoms associated with malaria where a patient no longer can take drugs by mouth include: repeated vomiting, prostration, obtundation, change in mental status (unable to localize pain or recognize mother), deep breathing, severe anemia, generalized convulsions and coma. Unfortunately facilities for providing parenteral treatment, safely and effectively are not usually quickly accessible to patients.

Clinical criteria for referral to a higher level of health care

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In severe malaria, the choice of antimalarial chemotherapy depends on clinical severity, drug sensitivity of the parasites and the availability and preparation of the drug. It is important to educate medical staff about the clinical features and rapid evaluation of severe disease in febrile patients who may have been exposed to P. falciparum infection. In rural areas of the tropics, where most of the estimated 1-2 million deaths per year form malaria occur, high-risk communities should be made aware of the key symptoms of malaria. Management of severe malaria is listed ( Table 6 ).

Management of severe malaria

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Early and appropriate antimalarial chemotherapy may prevent development of severe disease. At the most peripheral level of the health service, oral treatment with tablets or capsules, and suppositories for those who are vomiting, might be useful strategy for local health personnel or village health workers. It is known that discrimination between malaria and acute lower respiratory tract infection is not always possible under these circumstances. Normally, patients who are suspected for severe malaria should be transferred to the highest level of medical care available ( Table 2 ), however, on many occasions, factors such as seasonal flooding, lack of transportation or the condition of the patient may make this impossible.

Early treatment with a potent antimalarial drug preferably by a parental route, is of vital importance. The earlier the treatment started, the better the prognosis. The dose should be calculated by body weight, and the response should be monitored clinically and parasitologically. Patients should be observed for the known side effects of antimalarial drugs, such as hypoglycemia and cardiovascular effects of cinchona alkaloids. Quinine-induced hypoglycemia may develop during recovery several days after the start of treatment, and is particularly common in children and pregnant women. In patients with "algid malaria", the possibility of a concomitant secondary gram negative septicemia should be considered and appropriate antibiotics should be given. In the recovery phase, antimalarial drugs should be given as soon as possible by oral route.

Chloroquine is still the drug of choice for chloroquine-sensitive parasites occurring in some areas of Africa. Quinine and quinidine are the only widely available drugs which are effective against chloroquine-resistant strains. Two new synthetic antimalarial drugs, mefloquine and halofantrine are also effective against chloroquine resistant strains, but they have no parenteral formulation and cases of resistance to these drugs have been reported. Qunghaosu (artemisinin: an ancient Chinese herbal medicine) and its derivatives have been used successfully in treating both uncomplicated and severe falciparum malaria. Their effectiveness in eliminating parasites has been well established, although recrudescence rates can be rather high (10-30%). The recrudescence rate depends upon the dose, duration of artemisinin derivatives used and the severity of disease, and the more severe the dose, the higher the chance of recrudescence. Intravenous/intramuscular artesunate (2.4 mg/kg i.v. or i.m., followed by 1.2 mg/kg injection at 12 and 24 hr, and daily for 5 days) is effective however, not generally readily available in some countries. Intramuscular artemether (3.2 mg/kg i.m. injection followed by 1.6 mg/kg at 12, 24 hr, and then daily for 5 days) is also effective and the drug is generally available in most countries. Recently, intramuscular arteether (Artemotil®) developed by a Dutch company (supported by WHO/TDR) had proved to be safe and effective for the treatment of severe malaria. It is useful in remote areas where intravenous facilities are not available.

WHO/TDR has also concentrated efforts on the potential of artesunate in suppository form to cure parasites rapidly and to reduce significantly the mortality of severe P. falciparum malaria. The potentially life-saving suppository is considerable in two ways: first because the formulation offers the prospect of providing a safe and effective treatment for severe malaria in areas of the rural tropics where parenteral drugs cannot be given. Therefore they can be given at an earlier point in the evolution to severe disease than would normally be the case. Secondly, children and infants are the main beneficiaries; they are most at risk of early death.

POTENTIAL FUTURE DRUGS

The ideal antimalarial drugs should be cheap and well-tolerated efficacious oral drugs that are available as short courses for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. For severe malaria, a potent antimalarial drug for either i.v., i.m. or rectal administration is needed. Effective adjunctive therapy should also be investigated.

Most of the antimalarial activity of artemisinin derivatives (but not artemisinin itself) is due to the metabolite dihydroartemisinin. Oral dihydroartemisinin treatment produces cure rates and parasite clearance time equivalent to historical controls treated with oral artesunate. Dihydroartemisinin can be manufactured more cheaply, however, it's pharmacokinetic and pharmocodynamic properties vary greatly. Artelinic acid, currently under development, is a water soluble artemisinin derivative that is more stable in solution than artesunate. Trioxanes, simplified analogues of artemisinin retaining the crucial endoperoxide bridge, are being developed but have not yet entered clinical trials.

Pyronaridine, a Mannich base synthesized by Chinese scientists, is effective in chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum . In Thailand, 28-day follow-up after a 5-day pyronaridine course demonstraed a 12% recrudescence rate ( Looareesuwan et al., 1996b ), suggesting that is should preferably be used in combination with an artemisinin derivative. Formulaiton and dose optimization studies are in progress.

Two new potent 8-aminoquinolones, tafenoquine and CDRI 80/53, are undergoing clinical trials ( Newton et al., 1999 ; Walsh et al., 1999 ). Other potential approaches under development include phosphatidylcholine and orotic acid analogues and inhibitors of aspartate and cysteine proteases.

The combination of an artemisinin derivative with a long acting antimalarial will

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malaria medication for travel to thailand

  • Passports, travel and living abroad
  • Travel abroad
  • Foreign travel advice

Before you travel check that:

  • your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
  • you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Dial 1669 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance or medical assistance company promptly if you’re referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccinations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip check:

  • the latest information on vaccinations and health risks in TravelHealthPro’s Thailand guide
  • where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

Health risks in Thailand include:

  • dengue fever

See the ‘Other risks’ section of the TravelHealthPro Thailand guide for more on health risks .

To avoid mosquito-borne viruses, such as dengue fever and Zika virus, take steps to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes.

Air quality

There can be high levels of air pollution in large cities. This includes Bangkok and Chiang Mai, which are also affected by seasonal regional smoke haze from the burning of trees. The high pollution and particulate count sometimes reach dangerous levels. This may worsen bronchial, sinus or asthma conditions.

Check air quality levels for many cities on the World Air Quality Index website .

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

Hospitals and pharmacies across Thailand will usually accept UK prescriptions. Brand name medication can often be more expensive than locally produced medication.

Medication sold on the street may not be genuine or may have been stolen. Taking medication without medical advice or a prescription can have serious health consequences.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro . The NHS has information on whether you can take your medicine abroad .

Healthcare facilities in Thailand

FCDO has a list of English-speaking doctors in Thailand . All hospitals require guarantee of payment before treating patients. Make sure you have adequate health insurance.

Private hospitals in Thailand are of a high standard but can be expensive. Public hospitals and clinics do not always meet UK standards, particularly outside Bangkok.

COVID-19 healthcare in Thailand

Check the latest information on risk from COVID-19 risk for Thailand on TravelHealthPro .If you have severe symptoms, or any questions related to COVID-19, while in Thailand, call the Thai COVID-19 Hotline on 1422. There is more information on the PR Thai Government Facebook page .

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health . There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro .

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What is malaria?

Who is at risk, what can travelers do to prevent malaria, after travel, more information.

Anopheles mosquito

Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite. Mosquitoes spread the parasite to people when they bite them.

Malaria symptoms usually appear within in 7 to 30 days but can take up to one year to develop. Symptoms may include high fevers and shaking chills, flu-like illness. Without treatment, malaria can cause severe illness and death.

The mosquitoes that spread malaria are found in Africa, Central and South America, parts of the Caribbean, Asia, Eastern Europe, and the South Pacific (See maps: Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere ). Travelers going to these countries may get bit by mosquitoes and get infected.

woman in airport

Where are you going?

About 2,000 cases of malaria are diagnosed in the United States annually, mostly among returned travelers.

Travelers can protect themselves from malaria by taking prescription medicine and preventing mosquito bites. There is no malaria vaccine.

Take Malaria Medicine

Check your destination to see if you should take prescription malaria medication. Depending on the medicine you take, you will need to start taking this medicine multiple days before your trip, as well as during and after your trip. Talk to your doctor about which medicine you should take .

Travelers should also take steps to prevent mosquito bites.

Use an EPA-registered insect repellent

repellent graphic

  • Picaridin (known as KBR 3023 and icaridin outside the US)
  • Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE)
  • Para-menthane-diol (PMD)
  • 2-undecanone

Find the right insect repellent for you by using EPA's search tool .

graphic: putting repellent on child

  • Dress your child in clothing that covers arms and legs.
  • Cover strollers and baby carriers with mosquito netting.
  • Always follow label instructions.
  • Do not use products containing oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or para-menthane-diol (PMD) on children under 3 years old.
  • Adults: Spray insect repellent onto your hands and then apply to a child’s face.
  • If also using sunscreen, always apply insect repellent after sunscreen.

Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants

Treat clothing and gear with permethrin

permethrin graphic

  • Permethrin is an insecticide that kills or repels insects like mosquitoes and sand flies.
  • Permethrin-treated clothing provides protection after multiple washings.
  • Read product information to find out how long the protection will last.
  • If treating items yourself, follow the product instructions.
  • Do not use permethrin products directly on skin.
  • Watch the CDC video How to Use Permethrin .

Keep mosquitoes out of your hotel room or lodging

  • Choose a hotel or lodging with air conditioning or window and door screens.
  • Use a mosquito net if you are unable to stay in a place with air conditioning or window and door screens or if you are sleeping outside.

Sleep under a mosquito net

bed net graphic

  • Sleep under a mosquito net if you are outside or when screened rooms are not available. Mosquitoes can live indoors and bite during the day and night.
  • Buy a mosquito net at your local outdoor store or online before traveling overseas.
  • Choose a mosquito net that is compact, white, rectangular, with 156 holes per square inch, and long enough to tuck under the mattress.
  • Permethrin is an insecticide that kills mosquitoes and other insects.
  • To determine if you can wash a treated mosquito net, follow the label instructions.

If you are bitten by mosquitoes, avoid scratching the bites and apply over-the-counter anti-itch or antihistamine cream to relieve itching. See Mosquito Bite Symptoms and Treatment .

stethoscope

If you traveled and feel sick, particularly if you have a fever, talk to a healthcare provider and tell them about your travel. 

If you need medical care abroad, see Getting Health Care During Travel .

  • CDC Yellow Book: Malaria
  • Malaria Hotline —770-488-7788 or 770-488-7100
  • Malaria Risk Assessment for Travelers
  • Choosing the Right Drug to Prevent Malaria

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malaria medication for travel to thailand

Latest update

Exercise a high degree of caution to Thailand overall due to the risk of civil unrest and the threat of terrorism, including in Bangkok and Phuket. 

Higher levels apply in some areas.

Thailand map November 2023

Thailand (PDF 998.61 KB)

Asia (PDF 2.21 MB)

Local emergency contacts

Fire and rescue services, medical emergencies.

Call 1669 for medical emergencies and rescue services.

Call 1724 for an ambulance in Bangkok. 1669 Nationwide.

Call 191 for police.

Call 1155 for the tourist police.

Advice levels

Exercise a high degree of caution  to Thailand overall due to the risk of civil unrest and the threat of terrorism, including in Bangkok and Phuket. 

Exercise a high degree of caution  to Thailand overall due to the possibility of civil unrest and the threat of terrorism, including in Bangkok and Phuket. 

Reconsider your need to travel  to Yala, Pattani and Narathiwat provinces.

Reconsider your need to travel  to:

  • Yala province,
  • Pattani province, and 
  • Narathiwat province

due to ongoing risks of low-level insurgent activity.

See  Safety .

  • Anti-government protests have previously occurred in Bangkok and other areas of Thailand. The security environment can be unpredictable and turn violent. Those attending protests can face arrest or other legal consequences. Monitor local media for information on protest locations and avoid public gatherings. Take official warnings seriously and follow the advice of local authorities.
  • Popular tourist areas in Thailand may be the target of terrorist attacks. Thai authorities have warned of possible bombings on symbolic dates or holidays. Be alert to possible threats. Take official warnings seriously and follow the advice of local authorities.
  • Border areas near Cambodia, Myanmar and Malaysia are dangerous due to violence, armed conflict and landmines. Pay close attention to your personal security.
  • Reconsider your need to travel to the 3 most southern provinces of the Thailand-Malaysia border: Yala, Pattani and Narathiwat. Low-level insurgent activity continues to occur in these areas.  
  • Sexual assault, assault, robbery and drink spiking can happen to tourists. Never leave your drink unattended. Stick with people you trust at parties, in bars, nightclubs and taxis.

Full travel advice:  Safety

  • If you're visiting Thailand and then travelling to a country that requires COVID-19 testing (RAT or PCR test) for entry, you'll need to purchase medical insurance prior to your arrival in Thailand. The insurance will need to provide cover for COVID-19 treatment.
  • Travellers have been arrested for carrying medicine they bought at a Thai pharmacy without a prescription. Get medical advice before buying medicine.
  • Insect-borne diseases include malaria, Zika virus, dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis and filariasis. Use insect repellent. Ensure your accommodation is insect-proof as possible. 
  • Animals in parts of Thailand can carry rabies. Don't ever feed, pat or tease monkeys. If you're bitten or scratched by a dog, monkey or other animal, get treatment immediately.
  • Thailand has high levels of air pollution. Air pollution can make bronchial, sinus or asthma conditions worse. Check air quality levels on the World Air Quality Index .
  • Medical tourism is common. Avoid discount and uncertified medical establishments. Their standards can be poor. Research medical service providers and choose with care.

Full travel advice:  Health

  • Penalties for drug offences are severe. They include the death penalty.
  • Commercial surrogacy is illegal. E-cigarettes, e-baraku, vaporisers and refills are illegal. Smoking on some beaches is illegal. Travel without carrying identification is illegal.
  • Penalties for breaking the law can apply to anyone aged under 18 years. Penalties for children can include detention in a juvenile or adult prison.
  • Thailand has the death penalty for serious crimes, including murder, attempted murder and rape. Crimes against the state and offences against the monarchy can also attract the death penalty. Take care not to cause offence about the monarchy, including on social media.

Full travel advice:  Local laws

  • You can get a visa exemption for up to 30 days if you arrive through one of the international airports or for up to 15 days if you enter through a land border (restricted to 2 entries per calendar year). Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. You should contact the nearest embassy or consulate of Thailand or see the  Thai government's Facebook page  for the latest details. 
  • You may be subject to biometric screening at points of entry, and restrictions may change at short notice. Check with your airline, the  International Air Transport Association (IATA)  or the nearest Thai Embassy for the latest information. 
  • You can transit between international flights in Bangkok's Suvarnabhumi Airport . Ensure that your connecting flight is booked on the same itinerary and ticket. You must remain in the transiting area in the airport.

Full travel advice:  Travel

Local contacts

  • The  Consular Services Charter  tells you what the Australian Government can and can't do to help when you're overseas.
  • For consular help, contact the  Australian Embassy, Bangkok , the  Australian Consulate-General, Phuket  or the Passport and Notarial Services, Chiang Mai .
  • To stay up to date with local information, follow the Embassy's social media accounts.

Full travel advice:  Local contacts

Full advice

Civil unrest and political tension, security situation .

The security situation can be unpredictable in Thailand.  Large protests have occurred in Bangkok and other areas. In previous years, large political protests and government crowd control operations have resulted in violence.

More incidents are possible.

To stay safe during periods of unrest:

  • avoid demonstrations, processions and public gatherings
  • follow media and other sources
  • take official warnings seriously
  • follow the advice of local authorities
  • If you see a suspicious package, stay clear and report it to Police

More information:

  • Demonstrations and civil unrest

Thailand-Cambodia border

Thailand and Cambodia have an ongoing border dispute. There's a risk of landmines and unexploded weapons near the Thai-Cambodian border area.

Be extra careful at tourist areas, including:

  • the Preah Vihear temple - Khao Pra Viharn in Thailand
  • the Ta Kwai temple - Ta Krabei in Cambodia
  • the Ta Muen Thom temple - Ta Moan in Cambodia

Tourist attractions and border crossings in this area may close with little or no notice.

Thailand-Myanmar border

Fighting and armed theft can occur along the Thai-Myanmar border. This includes:

  • fighting between the Burmese military and armed ethnic opposition groups
  • clashes between Thai security forces and armed criminal groups, such as drug traffickers

Armed clashes between the military and opposition groups inside Myanmar may lead to border closures.

If you try to cross the border illegally, you may be detained and deported.

Bandits may target you if you travel through national parks in this border region.

If you travel to this region:

  • monitor the news
  • watch out for other signs of unrest
  • pay close attention to your personal security

Thailand-Malaysia border

Reconsider your need to travel to or from the three most southern provinces:

Violence includes attacks and bombings, with deaths and injuries. Since 2004, over 6500 people have been killed and many more injured in these provinces.

Bombings are often coordinated to target people who respond to the first explosion.

Over the past few years, multiple coordinated explosions have occurred in the southern border provinces, and low-level insurgent activity continues.  

If you travel to or stay in these provinces, you could get caught up in violence directed at others.

Attacks can happen at any time.

Terrorism is a threat worldwide.

Attacks, including bombings, are possible anytime. They can happen anywhere, including Bangkok and Phuket.

Popular tourist areas may be the target of terrorist attacks.

Thai authorities have warned of possible bombings on symbolic dates or holidays.

In August 2016, around 24 incidents with improvised explosive devices (IEDs), arson and other suspicious events killed 4 people and injured over 30.

Some IEDs were detonated in popular tourist spots, including:

  • Hua Hin, Patong Beach and Loma Park in Phuket
  • Surat Thani

On 10 March 2019, several IEDs exploded in Phatthalung and Satun provinces. No people were killed or injured. 

IED incidents have occurred in Bangkok and other tourist areas in recent years. On 2 August 2019, a series of explosions occurred in public places throughout Bangkok, including near Chong Nonsi BTS Station and outside several Thai Government buildings.

In May 2017, attacks at a Bangkok Military Hospital and the National Theatre injured 26 people.

Possible targets for future attacks include:

  • shopping malls, markets and banks
  • hotels and beach resorts
  • restaurants, bars and nightclubs
  • schools and places of worship
  • outdoor recreation events

Other targets include public buildings, public transport, airports and sea ports.

To reduce your risk of being involved in a terrorist attack: 

  • have a clear exit plan in case there's a security incident
  • be alert to possible threats
  • report suspicious activity or items to police
  • monitor the media for threats

If there is an attack, leave the area as soon as it's safe. Avoid the affected area in case of secondary attacks.

Sexual assault and violent crime

Travellers may experience  sexual assault , other  assault  and  robbery .

Be extra careful in tourist spots such as Khao San Road in Bangkok and the night-time entertainment zones in Bangkok, Pattaya and Phuket.

Be aware of drink-spiking. Don't drink homemade or local cocktails. They can contain narcotics or poison. You're at higher risk of sexual assault and theft if you get drugged.

Never leave your drink unattended.

Stick with people you trust at parties, in bars, nightclubs and taxis.

Get urgent medical attention if you think you or someone else has been drugged.

If you're a victim of violent crime, including rape, get immediate medical attention.

Under Thai law, courts will only accept the results of a medical examination from some government hospitals. After you've been examined by a government hospital, you can receive medical attention at a private hospital. Please contact the Australian Embassy Bangkok, Consulate-General Phuket, Consulate Chang Mai or Consular Emergency Centre in Canberra for assistance.

  • Partying safely

Petty crime

Money and passports have been stolen from budget hotel and hostel rooms, and from bags on public transport. Thieves also target luggage stored on trains and below buses.

Bags have been snatched by thieves on motorcycles, or sliced open with razor blades. 

To reduce your risk of theft:

  • don't leave valuables in luggage stowed under buses or away from you on trains
  • be wary of motorcycles approaching from behind as you walk on the footpath
  • hold bags and backpacks in front of you

Cyber security 

You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you're connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or to Bluetooth.

Social media can also be risky in destinations where there are social or political tensions or laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. Travellers have been arrested for things they have said on social media. Don't comment on local or political events on your social media.

More information: 

Cyber security when travelling overseas

Tours and adventure activities

Transport and tour operators don't always follow safety and maintenance standards. This includes for:

  • scuba diving
  • elephant safaris
  • bungee jumping

If you plan to do an  adventure activity :

  • check if your travel insurance policy covers it
  • ask about and insist on minimum safety requirements
  • always use available safety gear, such as life jackets or seatbelts

If proper safety equipment isn't available, use another provider.

Climate and natural disasters

Thailand experiences  natural disasters  and  severe weather , including:

  • earthquakes

Severe weather events are likely to disrupt transport, electricity and communications.

To stay safe during severe weather:

  • check media and weather reports
  • check in with your tour operator
  • don't enter areas affected by flooding or landslides

If there is a natural disaster:

  • secure your passport in a safe, waterproof place
  • keep in contact with friends and family
  • monitor the media and other local sources of information
  • Register with the  Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System  to receive alerts on major disasters.

Storms and floods

Severe storms and widespread seasonal flooding can occur without warning. This includes flash floods.

The wet season in north and central Thailand is from May to October.

In Koh Samui and the south-east of the peninsula, the wet season is from November to March.

  • Thai Meteorological Department
  • Mekong River Commission  — flood levels for the Mekong River

Earthquakes and tsunamis

Earthquakes occur in Thailand.

Tsunamis are more likely in Thailand because of the risk of earthquakes. 

Check with the  US Tsunami Warning Centre  for updates on seismic activity and tsunamis.

If you're near the coast, move to high ground straight away if advised, or if you:

  • feel a strong earthquake that makes it hard to stand up
  • feel a weak, rolling earthquake that lasts a minute or more
  • see a sudden rise or fall in sea level
  • hear loud and unusual noises from the sea

Don't wait for official warnings such as alarms or sirens. Once on high ground, monitor local media.

Travel insurance

Get comprehensive  travel insurance  before you leave.

If you're visiting Thailand and then travelling to a country that requires COVID-19 testing (RAT or PCR test) for entry, you'll need to purchase medical insurance prior to your arrival in Thailand. The insurance will need to provide cover for COVID-19 treatment.

Your policy needs to cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. The Australian Government won't pay for these costs.

If you can't afford travel insurance, you can't afford to travel. This applies to everyone, no matter how healthy and fit you are.

If you're not insured, you may have to pay many thousands of dollars up-front for medical care.

  • what activities and care your policy covers, including in terms of health and travel disruptions
  • that your insurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away

Physical and mental health

Consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition. 

See your doctor or travel clinic to:

  • have a basic health check-up
  • ask if your travel plans may affect your health
  • plan any vaccinations you need

Do this at least 8 weeks before you leave.

If you have immediate concerns for your welfare or the welfare of another Australian, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or contact your  nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate  to discuss counselling hotlines and services available in your location.

  • General health advice
  • Healthy holiday tips  (Healthdirect Australia)

Not all medication available over the counter or by prescription in Australia is available in other countries. Some may even be considered illegal or a controlled substance, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor.

If you plan to bring medication, check if it's legal in Thailand. Take enough legal medicine for your trip.

Get medical advice before buying medicine in Thailand. Travellers have been arrested for carrying medicine they bought at a Thai pharmacy without a prescription.

Carry a copy of your prescription or a letter from your doctor stating:

  • what the medication is
  • your required dosage
  • that it's for personal use
  • Medications

Health risks

Insect-borne illnesses.

Zika virus  is a risk in Thailand. If you are pregnant, defer non-essential travel to affected areas. Speak to your doctor before you travel. Several cases have been reported, including in Bangkok.

The Department of Health's  Zika virus bulletin  has advice for all travellers on how to reduce Zika virus risks. There's no vaccine for Zika virus.

Malaria  is a risk throughout the year in rural areas. The worst affected areas are near the borders with Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar. 

Dengue  occurs in Thailand. It's common during the rainy season:

  • November to March in Koh Samui and the south-east of Thailand
  • May to October in the rest of Thailand, including Phuket

Dengue peaks in July and August although it is prevalent throughout the year . There's no vaccine or specific treatment for dengue.

Other insect-borne diseases include:

  • chikungunya
  • Japanese encephalitis

To protect yourself from disease:

  • make sure your accommodation is insect-proof
  • use insect repellent
  • wear long, loose, light-coloured clothing
  • consider taking medicine to prevent malaria
  • get vaccinated against Japanese encephalitis
  • Infectious diseases

Animals in parts of Thailand can carry  rabies .

Rabies is deadly. Humans can get rabies from mammals, such as:

  • other animals

Don't ever feed, pat or tease monkeys, even if you're encouraged to.

If you're bitten or scratched by a dog, monkey or other animal, get treatment as soon as possible.

Smoke haze and air pollution

Thailand has high levels of air pollution. It can reach hazardous levels. Bangkok and Chiang Mai can be particularly bad. 

Air pollution can make bronchial, sinus or asthma conditions worse. 

Smoke haze is an issue across the north and north-east of Thailand from March to April.

Check air quality levels on the  World Air Quality Index .

Get advice from your doctor before you travel. 

Medical care

Medical facilities.

The standard of medical facilities varies . 

In an emergency, we recommend you contact an ambulance on 1669.

Private hospitals in major cities have high standards of medical care. Services can be limited in other areas.

Hospitals and doctors often need to confirm your insurance before they'll treat you, even in an emergency. Otherwise you may need to pay cash up-front. Costs can be very high.

Hospitals in Bangkok and other large cities can treat serious illnesses and accidents. In other areas, you may need to be moved to a place with better facilities. Medical evacuation can be very expensive.

Decompression chambers are located near popular dive sites in:

Medical tourism

Medical tourism , including for cosmetic and sex-change operations, is common.

Standards at discount and uncertified medical establishments can be poor. Serious and life-threatening complications can result.

Some hospitals and clinics have refused to compensate patients:

  • who aren't satisfied with the results of cosmetic surgery
  • who are harmed during surgery
  • who die during surgery

Do your research. Choose your medical service providers with care.

Don't use discount or uncertified medical service providers.

You're subject to all local laws and penalties, including those that may appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling.

If you're arrested or jailed , the Australian Government will do what it can to help you under our  Consular Services Charter . But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail.

Penalties for drug offences are severe. They include the death penalty.

Possession of even small quantities of drugs for recreational purposes can lead to long jail sentences and deportation.

Thai authorities may conduct spot-checks for illegal drugs in tourist areas.

Travellers have been targeted for narcotic tests. Under Thai law, authorities have the right to demand urine samples from people suspected of taking illegal drugs.

If you're asked to submit a urine sample, ask to do it at a police station. You can also ask to contact the Tourist Police. Call 1155 for English-speaking officers.

Private recreational use of cannabis is legal if the THC content is below 0.2% in weight. Cannabis use in public places remains illegal, and smoking outside is considered a public nuisance, and offenders risk fines and arrest. It is still illegal to sell or supply any extracts of cannabis containing more than 0.2% of THC.

Follow directions from local authorities.

  • Carrying or using drugs

Surrogacy laws

Commercial surrogacy is illegal.

  • Going overseas for international surrogacy
  • Going overseas to adopt a child

E-cigarettes

E-cigarettes, e-baraku, and other related vaporisers, including refills, are prohibited. You can't import or transfer them through Thailand, even for personal use.

Producing or selling these items is illegal. You face either 10 years of imprisonment or a fine up to THB1 million, or both.

Penalties for breaking the law can be severe.

These penalties can also apply to anyone aged under 18 years who is subject to Thai juvenile judicial processes. Penalties can include detention in a juvenile or adult prison.

The death penalty can apply to:

  • attempted murder
  • crimes against the state, including treason
  • some offences against the monarchy

Insulting the monarchy, or defacing images of the monarchy - including on a bank note bearing the King's image - can lead to prison terms of up to 15 years.

Take care not to cause offence when posting, commenting or liking items about the monarchy, including on social media.

In Thailand, it's illegal to:

  • travel without carrying identification
  • gamble - other than at a few major race tracks
  • make a false statement to police, including about an insurance claim

It is also illegal to smoke on beaches in tourist areas, including:

  • Prachuap Khiri Khan

Australian laws

Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you're overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.

  • Staying within the law and respecting customs

Dual citizenship

Thai-Australian dual nationals may be liable to complete military conscription.

If you're a dual national, contact the nearest  embassy or consulate of Thailand  before you travel.

  • Dual nationals

Local customs

Respect local customs and take care to not offend. Deliberately ignoring local customs can cause grave offence.

Do not show the soles of your feet or touch the top of a person's head. These are insulting in Thai culture.

If in doubt, ask for local advice.

Visas and border measures

Every country or territory decides who can enter or leave through its borders. For specific information about the evidence you'll need to enter a foreign destination, check with the nearest embassy, consulate or immigration department of the destination you're entering. 

Australian tourists can get a visa exemption for:

  • up to 30 days, if you arrive through one of the international airports
  • up to 15 days, if you enter through a land border (restricted to 2 entries per calendar year)

For longer stays, or if you're travelling for reasons other than tourism, you'll need to apply for a visa before you travel.

Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. Contact the nearest Embassy or consulate of Thailand, the  Royal Thai Embassy Canberra  or Royal Thai Consulate-General Sydney . See  the official website of the Tourism Authority of Thailand  for the latest details about visas, currency, customs and quarantine rules.

Visas overstays

If you overstay your visa, you'll need to pay a fine before you can leave. You can also be:

  • banned from re-entering Thailand

Thai authorities can blacklist you, which means you can never return to Thailand.

Penalties for not paying the fine include long prison sentences. Conditions at Immigration Detention Centres are harsh.

  • Thai Immigration Bureau

Border measures

International passengers can transit Suvarnabhumi Airport , Bangkok.

You may be subject to biometric screening at points of entry. Clarify entry requirements with your airline,  International Air Transport Association (IATA)  or your nearest Thai Embassy. 

Travellers are responsible for all COVID-19 treatment expenses if their medical insurance does not provide adequate coverage for COVID-19 illness. 

Departure from Thailand

Travellers should refer to the relevant airline or travel provider for information about departing Thailand. 

  • Royal Thai Embassy , Canberra
  • Thai government's Facebook page

Some countries won't let you enter unless your passport is valid for 6 months after you plan to leave that country. This can apply even if you're just transiting or stopping over.

Some foreign governments and airlines apply the rule inconsistently. Travellers can receive conflicting advice from different sources.

You can end up stranded if your passport is not valid for more than 6 months.

The Australian Government does not set these rules. Check your passport's expiry date before you travel. If you're not sure it'll be valid for long enough, consider getting  a new passport .

Lost or stolen passport

Your passport is a valuable document. It's attractive to people who may try to use your identity to commit crimes.

Some people may try to trick you into giving them your passport. Always keep it in a safe place.

Don't give your passport to third parties - like a jet ski or motorcycle rental businesses - as a guarantee. Companies may hold on to the passport and ask for payment for damages.

If your passport is lost or stolen, tell the Australian Government as soon as possible:

  • In Australia, contact the  Australian Passport Information Service .
  • If you're overseas, contact the nearest  Australian embassy or consulate .

Passport with ‘X’ gender identifier 

Although Australian passports comply with international standards for sex and gender, we can't guarantee that a passport showing 'X' in the sex field will be accepted for entry or transit by another country. Contact the nearest  embassy, high commission or consulate of your destination  before you arrive at the border to confirm if authorities will accept passports with 'X' gender markers.

  • LGBTI travellers

The currency of Thailand is the Thai Baht (THB).

You can convert Australian dollars for THB in tourist areas, major cities and towns.

ATMs are available in cities and regional centres.

Most hotels, restaurants and higher-end shops accept international credit cards.

Card skimming occurs. See  Safety

Local travel

Driver's permit.

To drive a car or motorcycle in Thailand, you'll need a valid Australian driver's licence for the type of vehicle you're using.

To drive a motorbike, you'll need a valid motorcycle licence. Some rental companies will tell you otherwise.

You are required to have an International Driving Permit (IDP).

Don't drive any vehicles not covered by your Australian licence.

The  Department of Land Transport  issues Thai driver’s licences. Contact them to confirm:

  • your eligibility
  • what documents you need to apply

The legal driving age in Thailand is 18.

Road travel

You're more likely to die in a motor vehicle accident in Thailand than in Australia.

Thailand has one of the highest traffic-related fatality rates in the world. Motorcyclists are most at risk.

Road accidents are common, including in resort areas such as Phuket, Pattaya and Koh Samui. 

Driving in Thailand is dangerous due to:

  • reckless passing
  • ignoring traffic laws

Be extra careful during holidays, such as Songkran (Thai New Year). Alcohol use and congestion are worse during these times.

Don't drink and drive.

If you're walking, use overhead walkways. Look in both directions before crossing streets, even at marked crossways.

  • Driving or riding

Motorcycles

Under Thai law, motorcycle riders and passengers must wear a helmet. However, hire companies or motorcycle taxis rarely provide helmets. You may need to shop around to hire a helmet.

Australians are regularly injured or die in motorbike accidents in Thailand. Alcohol is often involved.

If you're in an accident, police may detain or arrest you until compensation is agreed. This can often cost 1000s of dollars.

Many vehicle hire companies don't have insurance.

If you have a motorcycle accident, you could be responsible for any damages, loss or costs associated with injury to others. The embassy can't help you negotiate on compensation demands.

Lawyers who can represent you are available from:

  • Australian Embassy and Consulates-General in Thailand
  • the Consular Emergency Centre in Canberra

If you plan to hire a motorbike, make sure:

  • your insurance policy covers it
  • you have a valid motorcycle licence
  • the hiring company has comprehensive and third-party insurance
  • you know the excess you would need to pay if you have an accident
  • you always wear a helmet

Don't drink and drive, or drink and ride.

Never give your passport as a deposit or guarantee.

Taxis, tuktuks and motorcycle taxis

Official, metered taxis are generally safe and convenient. Be alert to possible  scams  and safety risks.

Be aware of apparently friendly taxi or tuktuk drivers who offer you cheap tours. They will take you to shops where they receive a commission. You may be overcharged or sold worthless goods or gems.

Before you get in an unmetered taxi, tuktuk or motorcycle taxi, agree on the fare and the route.

Make sure your bags are secure when you're travelling in a tuktuk or motorcycle taxi.

Never put yourself in danger by confronting a taxi, tuktuk or motorcycle taxi driver. Call the Tourist Police on 1155 if you need help. 

Be careful when opening taxi doors. Look out for other vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists.

Ferry and speedboat travel can be dangerous. Serious incidents involving tourists have occurred and people have died.

If you plan on  travelling by boat  or ferry:

  • check safety standards are in place
  • check there is enough safety equipment for everyone
  • wear your life jacket at all times
  • avoid travelling after dark
  • don't get on overcrowded boats

DFAT doesn't provide information on the safety of individual commercial airlines or flight paths.

Check  Thailand's air safety profile  with the Aviation Safety Network.

Emergencies

Depending on what you need, contact your:

  • family and friends
  • travel agent
  • insurance provider

Call 1724 for an ambulance in Bangkok.

Always get a police report when you report a crime.

Your insurer should have a 24-hour emergency number.

Consular contacts

Read the  Consular Services Charter  for what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.

Australian Embassy, Bangkok

181 Wireless Road Lumphini, Pathumwan Bangkok, Thailand. 10330 Phone: (+66 2) 344 6300 Fax: (+66 2) 344 6593 Website:  thailand.embassy.gov.au   Email: [email protected]   Facebook:  Australia in Thailand Twitter:  @AusAmbBKK

Check the Embassy website for details about opening hours and any temporary closures.

Australian Consulate-General, Phuket

6th Floor CCM Complex 77/77 Chalermprakiat Rama 9 Road (Bypass Road) Muang Phuket, Thailand, 83000 Phone: (+66 76) 317 700 Fax: (+66 76) 317 743 Website:  phuket.consulate.gov.au E-mail:  [email protected]

24-hour Consular Emergency Centre

In a consular emergency, if you can't contact an embassy, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on:

  • +61 2 6261 3305 from overseas
  • 1300 555 135 in Australia

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Travel Vaccines and Advice for Thailand

Passport Health offers a variety of options for travellers throughout the world.

Thailand is a popular destination with its tropical climate, food, culture and beaches.

Thai is the official language of Thailand. But, other smaller languages spoken in rural areas. The primary religion of Thailand is Buddhism and is prevalent in many aspects of culture throughout Thailand. Islam is also practiced in Southern provinces.

Bangkok, Thailand’s capital city, is also the largest city in the country. Bangkok is highly populated with congested streets, modern buildings and temples. It is most known for its nightlife.

Thailand’s other major cities include Ayutthaya, Chiang Mai, and Chiang Rai.

Do I Need Vaccines for Thailand?

Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Thailand. The PHAC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Thailand: hepatitis A , hepatitis B , typhoid , cholera , yellow fever , Japanese encephalitis , rabies , meningitis , polio , measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) , Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) , chickenpox , shingles , pneumonia and influenza .

See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:

  • Hepatitis A – Food & Water – Recommended for most travellers
  • Hepatitis B – Blood & Body Fluids – Accelerated schedule available
  • Typhoid – Food & Water – Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator.
  • Cholera – Food & Water – Cholera is rare, but present in Thailand. Vaccination is recommended for travellers at increased risk or visiting areas with active transmission.
  • Yellow Fever – Mosquito – Required if travelling from a country with risk of yellow fever transmission
  • Japanese Encephalitis – Mosquito – Recommended depending on itinerary and activities. May be given to short- and extended-stay travellers, recurrent travellers and travel to rural areas. Present throughout country, especially northern regions. Most cases from May to October.
  • Rabies – Saliva of Infected Animals – High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-term travellers and those who may come in contact with animals.
  • Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) – Various Vectors – Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.
  • TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) – Wounds & Airborne – Only one adult booster of pertussis required.
  • Chickenpox – Direct Contact & Airborne – Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox.
  • Shingles – Direct Contact – Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles.
  • Pneumonia – Airborne – Two vaccines given seperately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both.
  • Influenza – Airborne – Vaccine components change annually.
  • Meningitis – Airborne & Direct Contact – Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students.
  • Polio – Food & Water – Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended.

See the tables below for more information:

Various mosquito-borne diseases are present in Thailand. Malaria poses a threat to travellers to some regions of the country. Make sure you are protected with antimalarials.

Dengue , Zika and chikungunya can also be found in Thailand. While there are no vaccines available for these diseases, there are steps you can take to prevent them. Be sure to use mosquito repellents, netting and wear proper clothing.

Medical treatment is adequate and common in urban areas. Healthcare is also available in rural areas, though the health care providers may not speak English.

To find out more about these vaccines, see our vaccinations page . Ready to travel safely? Book your appointment either call or start booking online now .

Customer Reviews

Passport health – travel vaccines for thailand, do i need a visa or passport for thailand.

If you are entering Thailand for tourism purposes under a 30-day period, you do not require a visa. All Canadian citizens must have a valid passport upon arrival. For those travelling to Thailand for business purposes, a business visa is required.

Sources: Embassy of Thailand and Canadian Travel and Tourism

Always carry your passport and visa with you to avoid arrest in Thailand.

Visit the Canadian Travel and Tourism website for more information on entry and exit requirements.

What is the Climate Like in Thailand?

Thailand is a country with a tropical climate that is hot and humid throughout the year. The temperature ranges from 25 to 35 degrees Celsius during the day. The weather can be different depending on where you are in Thailand. Here are some popular tourist destinations:

  • Bangkok : Bangkok is hot and humid all year round. It rains a lot, especially between May and October.
  • Phuket : Phuket is a tropical place. It can rain a lot from May to October. The temperature is usually between 75 and 90 degrees.
  • Chiang Mai : Chiang Mai has a tropical climate with three different seasons: cool, hot, and rainy. The cool season runs from November to February, the hot season from March to May, and the rainy season from June to October.
  • Pattaya : Pattaya is hot and humid all year round. It rains a lot, especially between May and October.
  • Koh Samui : Koh Samui is an island that has two different seasons: dry and rainy. The dry season runs from December to April, and the rainy season from May to November.

Remember that weather can change, so always check the forecast before you travel.

How Safe is Thailand?

In the past few years, there have been periodic terrorist attacks at popular tourist attractions in Thailand,. This remains a high-concern today. There is an ongoing risk of terrorist attacks in Thailand.

The National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO) has placed strict restrictions on media and have banned political gatherings. Tourists may be detained by the military for openly criticizing the NCPO.

Pick-pocketing is common in Thailand as is sexual violence in bars and isolated areas.

Do not use your passport as collateral. Many rental places are scams.

In Southern Thailand (Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat, and Songkhla), martial law is still prevalent. Tourists are cautioned against travelling to these areas.

Temples in Thailand

There are over 40,000 temples in Thailand, making them popular tourist attractions. These temples range in age and architecture and many are still in use today.

Wat Pho, located in Bangkok, is one of the most popular due to its size and attractions within. It is one of the largest complexes in the country, holding many buildings. Wat Pho houses the largest reclining Buddha and largest collection of Buddha images.

The site is also headquarters for the teaching and preservation of Thai medicine. There, tourists can find two massage schools and pavilions.

You must take off your shoes to enter and you purchase coins to put into bowls for good luck. All the money goes towards renovating and upkeeping the site.

What Should I Take To Thailand?

Thailand is a hot and humid country, it’s important to pack lightweight and comfortable clothing. You should bring comfortable shoes for walking, sun protection like sunscreen, hats, and sunglasses to avoid the strong sun rays. Mosquitoes are common in Thailand, so it’s important to bring insect repellent to avoid bites.

Thailand uses different types of electrical outlets, so it’s recommended to bring a universal adapter. It’s also recommended to pack any prescription medication and over-the-counter medications such as pain relievers, anti-diarrhea medication, and motion sickness medication.

Thailand is a cash-based society, so it’s important to bring cash and credit cards. If you plan to visit the beaches or go swimming, don’t forget to pack swimwear and a beach towel. When visiting temples or other religious sites, make sure to dress respectfully, covering your shoulders and knees, and avoid wearing revealing clothing in public places.

Don’t forget to bring your passport, visa (if required), travel insurance, and any other important travel documents.

Canadian Embassy in Thailand

Canadian consular services can help travellers with many issues they may face including passport services. Once in Thailand, the information for the Canadian Embassy is:

Canadian Embassy Bangkok 15th Floor, Abdulrahim Place, 990 Rama IV, Bangrak, Bangkok, 10500, Thailand Tel.: +66 0 2646 4300

If you have any questions about travelling to Thailand or are wondering what shots you may need for your trip, schedule an appointment with your local Passport Health travel medicine clinic. Call us at or book online now! and protect yourself today.

On This Page: Do I Need Vaccines for Thailand? Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Thailand? What is the Climate Like in Thailand? How Safe is Thailand? Temples in Thailand What Should I Take To Thailand? Canadian Embassy in Thailand

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malaria medication for travel to thailand

Mumbai court allows Rhea Chakraborty, family to fly to Thailand for vacation

A special court in mumbai allowed actor rhea chakraborty, accused in a drug case linked to actor sushant singh rajput's death, to travel to thailand and sri lanka for vacation with her family..

Listen to Story

Lookout notice against Rhea Chakraborty was quashed by Bombay High Court earlier.

  • Mumbai court allows Rhea Chakraborty to travel abroad
  • Permission follows quashing of lookup circular against her
  • Family to visit Thailand and Sri Lanka

A special court in Mumbai has granted permission to actor Rhea Chakraborty to travel to Thailand for a vacation with her family. This came after the Bombay High Court recently quashed a lookout circular (LOC) against the actor and her family.

The actor and her brother Showik are accused in a drug dealing case in connection with the death of actor Sushant Singh Rajput in 2020. This case under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act requires them to seek permission from the court to travel abroad.

Rhea and her family will also be travelling to Sri Lanka for the Holi festivities.

After Rajput's death, a case was registered in Patna by his family against the Chakrabortys, which was then transferred to the CBI. The CBI had issued LOCs against Rhea, Showik, and their parents, Indrajit Chakraborty and Sandhya Chakraborty, barring them from travelling abroad.

However, the Bombay High Court cancelled these circulars in February this year. The High Court noted that the entire family had cooperated with the investigators whenever summoned despite the inordinate delay in the legal procedure.

The High Court also mentioned that there was no proper subjective satisfaction given by the authorities while issuing the circulars.

IN THIS STORY

IMAGES

  1. Fosmidomycin-piperaquine combination provides malaria treatment

    malaria medication for travel to thailand

  2. Do You Need to Take Malaria Tablets in Southeast Asia?

    malaria medication for travel to thailand

  3. Prevention of Malaria in Travelers

    malaria medication for travel to thailand

  4. Malaria Chemoprophylaxis for the Traveler

    malaria medication for travel to thailand

  5. Impfungen Thailand

    malaria medication for travel to thailand

  6. Let's Talk About Malaria & The Role Of Antimalarial Injections

    malaria medication for travel to thailand

COMMENTS

  1. Thailand

    Malaria: CDC recommends that travelers going to certain areas of Thailand take prescription medicine to prevent malaria. Depending on the medicine you take, you will need to start taking this medicine multiple days before your trip, as well as during and after your trip. Talk to your doctor about which malaria medication you should take.

  2. CDC

    Children: ≥8 years old: 2.2 mg/kg (maximum is adult dose) daily. Begin 1-2 days before travel, daily during travel, and for 4 weeks after leaving. Some people prefer to take a daily medicine. Good for last-minute travelers because the drug is started 1-2 days before traveling to an area where malaria transmission occurs.

  3. CDC

    When deciding which drug to use, consider specific itinerary, length of trip, cost of drug, previous adverse reactions to antimalarials, drug allergies, and current medical history. All travelers should seek medical attention in the event of fever during or after return from travel to areas with malaria. 5.

  4. Thailand

    Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or tafenoquine are the recommended prophylactic antimalarial drugs for travelers going to malaria-endemic areas in Thailand; mosquito avoidance only (no chemoprophylaxis) is recommended for people traveling to areas where cases of malaria transmission are rare to few (e.g., Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Phuket).

  5. Malaria

    Prophylaxis should begin 1-2 weeks before travel to malaria-endemic areas. Travelers should continue taking the drug once a week, on the same day of the week, during travel in malaria-endemic areas, and for 4 weeks after they leave endemic areas (see Table 5-28 for recommended dosages).

  6. Do I need malaria tablets for Thailand?

    33 reviews. 62 helpful votes. 1. Re: Do I need malaria tablets for Thailand? 6 years ago. Save. It is likely that your GP has a travel clinic or someone in the team who takes care of travel. Best to contact them for advice, they will also ensure your other shots are up to date, e.g. Tetanus, Polio etc.

  7. CDC

    This information is intended for travelers who reside in the United States. Travelers from other countries may find this information helpful; however, because malaria prevention recommendations and the availability of antimalarial drugs vary, travelers from other countries should consult health care providers in their respective countries.

  8. Vaccines, malaria pills recommended for Thailand?

    Save. You should consult a medical professional but purely for giving you an idea I've had Hepatitis A & B, Diphtheria/Tetanus/Polio (all in 1 jab) and Typhoid. I've not hadJapanese Encephalitis or Cholera. I don't bother with Malaria meds in Thailand though I've used them elsewhere (E.g. Myanmar). I use lots of DEET when out and about in the ...

  9. An update on prevention of malaria in travelers

    Take weekly on the same day of the week. Continue 4 weeks after leaving endemic area. 5 mg/kg base (8.3 mg/kg salt) orally once weekly, up to a maximum dose of 300 mg base. Begin 1-2 weeks before travel. Take weekly on the same day of the week Continue 4 weeks after leaving endemic area. May exacerbate psoriasis.

  10. Malaria Medications: Common Malaria Pills Used to Treat and ...

    Tafenoquine (Arakoda , Kozenis, Krintafel): This new drug is recommended for adults aged 16 years or older who are traveling to malarious areas. It is to be taken daily for 3 days prior to travel ...

  11. Malaria: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment

    Begin one to two weeks before travel and continue for four weeks after leaving malaria-endemic area. 400 mg salt (310 mg base) once per week. $25 ($180) for eight weeks. 6.5 mg salt (5 mg base ...

  12. PDF Prevention of malaria in travellers

    The risk of contracting malaria varies significantly from traveller to traveller, and this is the challenge of providing quality advice. Factors such as: • specific areas visited within countries • season of travel • style of travel • length of trip • drug resistance patterns • individual medical conditions, and

  13. Management of malaria in Thailand

    The purpose of treatment for uncomplicated malaria is to produce a radical cure using the combination of: artesunate (4 mg/kg/day) plus mefloquine (8 mg/kg day) for 3 days; a fixed dose of artemether and lumefantrine (20/120 mg tablet) named Coartem® (4 tablets twice a day for three days for adults weighing more than 35 kg); quinine 10 mg/kg 8 ...

  14. PDF Medicines for the Prevention of Malaria While Traveling

    Both adults and children should take one dose of doxycycline per day starting a day or two before traveling to the area where malaria transmission occurs. They should take one dose per day while there, and for 28 consecutive days after leaving. The daily dosage for adults is 100mg per day. Your doctor will have calculated the correct daily dose ...

  15. Malaria Prevention and Medication

    A wide variety of antimalarial medications are available. Due to drug resistance and differences in malaria strains, a travel health specialist can help you identify the best medication for your trip. Be sure to visit with a Passport Health travel specialist at least four to six weeks before travel.

  16. Health

    Check the latest information on risk from COVID-19 risk for Thailand on TravelHealthPro.If you have severe symptoms, or any questions related to COVID-19, while in Thailand, call the Thai COVID-19 ...

  17. Malaria

    Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite. Mosquitoes spread the parasite to people when they bite them. Malaria symptoms usually appear within in 7 to 30 days but can take up to one year to develop. Symptoms may include high fevers and shaking chills, flu-like illness. Without treatment, malaria can cause severe illness and death.

  18. NaTHNaC

    There is a very low risk of malaria in the remaining areas of Thailand including Kanchanaburi (Kwai Bridge): ... Travellers with an absent or poorly functioning spleen should be dissuaded from travel to any area with risk of malaria. Where travel is essential, awareness, rigorous bite avoidance and antimalarials should be advised even for the ...

  19. Thailand Travel Advice & Safety

    Insect-borne diseases include malaria, Zika virus, dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis and filariasis. ... If you plan to bring medication, check if it's legal in Thailand. Take enough legal medicine for your trip. Get medical advice before buying medicine in Thailand. Travellers have been arrested for carrying medicine they bought at a ...

  20. Thailand gears up to eliminate malaria by 2024

    Thailand is one of 8 new countries which have been recently identified by WHO as having the potential to eliminate malaria by 2025. In 1949, malaria was the leading cause of mortality in Thailand, resulting in 38 046 deaths a year. Despite resurgences of multidrug-resistant malaria over the decades, Thailand only recorded 13 deaths in 2019.

  21. Travel Vaccines and Advice for Thailand

    Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator. Cholera. Food & Water. Cholera is rare, but present in Thailand. Vaccination is recommended for travellers at increased risk or visiting areas with active transmission. Yellow Fever.

  22. A Beacon of Hope

    Thailand has seen incredible progress against malaria over the past decade - with an 88 percent decline in malaria cases since 2012 and a 74.7 percent reduction in the number of villages with malaria transmission, the country is well on its way to reaching its goal of eliminating malaria by 2024. However, Thailand faces a constant threat on ...

  23. Mumbai court grants Rhea Chakraborty, family permission for Thailand

    A special court in Mumbai has granted permission to actor Rhea Chakraborty to travel to Thailand for a vacation with her family. This came after the Bombay High Court recently quashed a lookout circular (LOC) against the actor and her family.. The actor and her brother Showik are accused in a drug dealing case in connection with the death of actor Sushant Singh Rajput in 2020.