grand tours in pro cycling

12 Must-Watch Cycling Races in 2023

From the classics to the grand tours, it’s going to be another thrilling year of bike racing.

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Believe or not, we’re already over a month into the 2023 season, with racing already underway in Australia, South America, the Middle East, and Southern Europe.

But while we’re excited to see the sport’s best men and women back in action–and some of the sport’s biggest names have already started their seasons on a winning note–these races are merely the appetizer, whetting our palettes for bigger races still to come.

Here’s a rundown of the races we can’t wait to see in 2023.

Omloop Het Nieuwsblad — February 25

We’re purists, which means despite the fact that the racing season started in mid-January, we don’t consider the season to have really started until the running of the Omloop Het Nieuwsblad, the first race of the season in Belgium. With events for both men and women, the “Omloop,” as it’s affectionately called, offers everything we love about the spring Classics: rain, wind, cobblestones, and many of the short, steep “bergs” that speckle the Flemish countryside.

On the men’s side, Belgian riders and teams often lead the way: Wout van Aert (Jumbo-Visma) won last year’s race after an attack just before the Bosberg, the day’s final climb. He won’t be back to defend his title though, which leaves the door open for one of Soudal-Quick Step’s many stars to a big win on home turf for the Belgian super-team.

How to Watch: FloBikes

Strade Bianche — March 4

Taking place on the white gravel roads of Tuscany, Strade Bianche is easily one of the hardest and most beautiful races of the year. A race in which the strongest rider always wins, it makes sense that the event’s list of winners reads like a Who’s Who of the sport’s best racers.

For example, Slovenia’s Tadej Pogačar (UAE Team Emirates) won last year’s race with a solo attack 50 kilometers from the finish line in Siena, an incredibly gutsy move that only a rider like Pogačar would attempt (and pull off). And before Pog, previous editions were won by the Netherlands’ Mathieu van der Poel (2021), van Aert (2020), and France’s Julian Alaphilippe (2019). Clearly, this is a race where only the best succeed.

On the women’s side, van Vleuten is again the top favorite: she won the race in 2019 and 2020 and finished second to Belgium’s Lotte Kopecky (SD Worx) last year. And keep an eye on Italy’s Elisa Longo Borghini (Trek-Segafredo), who won the race in 2017, and Poland’s Katarzyna Niewiadoma (Canyon-SRAM Racing), a four-time podium finisher who’s still searching for the top step.

How to Watch: GCN+

Milan-Sanremo — March 18

The first of cycling’s five Monuments, Milan-Sanremo (294km) is the longest one-day race on the calendar. And thanks to the fact that the outcome is almost always decided in the final 10K, the riders say it’s the easiest race to finish, but the hardest race to win.

We love Milan-Sanremo’s slow build to the finish as the riders head south from Milan toward the coast, then wind their way along the sea toward the climbs that make-up the Monument’s traditional finale—especially the Poggio, a short, punchy ascent just a few kilometers from the finish line whose treacherous descent often creates more gaps than the climb itself. Case in point: Slovenia’s Matej Mohorič (Bahrain Victorious) used a dropper post to leave the rest behind on the descent, laying it all on the line to take the biggest win of his career.

And while there’s no women’s Milan-Sanremo, the Trofeo Alfredo Binda, a major stop on the women’s WorldTour and a pillar of the former women’s World Cup series, takes the place the next day—and can be streamed live via GCN. Italy’s Elisa Balsamo (Trek-Segafredo) won last year’s race, outsprinting her compatriots Sofia Bertizzolo (UAE Team ADQ) and Soraya Paladin (Canyon-SRAM) to take the victory.

Tour of Flanders — April 2

Many riders consider the Tour of Flanders (known locally as the “Ronde van Vlaanderen”) to be the hardest one-day race on the calendar. The men’s event features over 250km of the toughest terrain in the Flemish region of Belgium, with tight, technical roads, cobblestones, and short, steep climbs called “bergs.” The course is so challenging that it can take years for a rider to master the nuances of the race enough to actually contend to win it.

Last year’s men’s race went to van der Poel who shrugged-off a late-start to the season–and a stunning challenge from Pogačar–to win the Ronde for the second time in three years. Both riders are expected to return this year, alongside van Aert, who was enjoying the form of his life but was forced to skip the event after testing positive for COVID-19.

In the women’s event, look for another battle between the Dutch and the Italians with van Vleuten headlining a list of contenders that should include her compatriots, Chantal van den Broek-Blaak (SD-Worx) and Marianne Vos (Jumbo-Visma), both former winners of the event. For the Italians, Longo Borghini should lead the way. SD Worx got the better of van Vleuten last year, working over the Dutch superstar in the finale to set-up a victory for Kopecky, the Belgian champion.

Paris-Roubaix — April 8 and 9

The “Hell of the North.” The “Queen of the Classics.” Whatever you call it, Paris-Roubaix is probably our favorite race on the calendar. The final half of this 255km Monument includes about 55km of Northern France’s worst cobbled roads (spread over 29 “sectors”), so it’s packed with drama and always produces a worthy champion—even when it’s a dark horse. This year’s race returns its usual spot on the calendar (one week after the Tour of Flanders) after pushing back a week to accommodate last year’s French national election.

Saturday brings the third-ever women’s Paris-Roubaix (145km), which starts in Denain and follows the final 17 sectors of cobbles of Sunday’s men’s race—all the way to the finish line in the Roubaix velodrome. Both editions have been won solo: Great Britain’s Lizzy Deignan (Trek-Segafredo) won the inaugural event with a long-distance attack in wet, muddy conditions, and Long-Borghini won last year with a strong counter-attack in the final hour after the leading group reformed. Van Vleuten has never won this race, but is skipping the event to target the hillier Ardennes Classics two weeks later. In her place, the Dutch will have Vos to root for, and she would certainly love to add a Roubaix cobble to her palmares.

In last year’s men’s race, the Netherland’s Dylan van Baarle (INEOS-Grenadiers) won the first cobbled Monument in his team’s history after attacking the leading group about 20km from the finish line in Roubaix. And the Dutchman moved to Jumbo-Visma this past off-season, giving van Aert one of the strongest and most experienced teammates anyone could ask for.

How to Watch: Peacock

La Vuelta Femenina — May 1 to 7

For the past 8 years, the organizers of the men’s Tour of Spain have run a women’s event during the men’s grand tour. Starting as a one-day race run alongside the last stage of the men’s grand tour, the event grew to include four days of racing, but that’s hardly a grand tour, isn’t it?

Enter the new and improved La Vuelta Feminina which in addition to being expanded to seven stages has moved to its own spot on the calendar–away from the men’s event that often overshadowed it. The course is yet to be unveiled, but we know the race will begin on the Costa Blanca, which means beautiful scenery and close proximity to lots of hard climbs.

Van Vleuten has already said she’s racing–she won the last two editions–and looks to make this the first victory of what she hopes will be a hatrick of women’s grand tour wins in 2023.

Giro d’Italia — May 6 to 28

While the Tour de France gets all the prestige, riders generally consider the Tour of Italy (the “Giro d’Italia”) to be much, much harder. This year’s race begins in the Abruzzo region and with the exception of a summit finish in Switzerland, stays entirely within Italy. The race finishes in Rome for only the fifth time in its history.

Always characterized by its mountains, the 2023 Giro offers seven mountain stages and six summit finishes, including a mountain time trial on the Giro’s penultimate day that finishes atop the Monte Lussari. As usual, the final week is a beast, with three more summit finishes before the final time trial.

This year’s race features three individual time trials, which is probably why Belgium’s Remco Evenepoel (Soudal Quick Step) has made the focal point of his season. The reigning world champion won last year’s Tour of Spain to take the first grand tour victory of his career, and as one of the sport’s best time trialists, likes what the course has to offer.

Start lists are far from finalized, but we expect Evenepoel to be challenged by Slovenia’s Primož Roglič (Jumbo-Visma) a 3-time Vuelta winner who’s tried several times but failed to win the Giro, and Great Britain’s Geraint Thomas (INEOS Grenadiers), winner of the 2018 Tour de France. All of them should have the defending champion, Australia’s Jai Hindley (BORA-hansgrohe), to contend with as well.

Giro d’Italia Donne — June 30 to July 9

In the absence of a women’s Tour de France, the Giro Donne was traditionally the most prestigious women’s stage race on the calendar. But the success of last year’s Tour de France Femmes means the Giro Donne’s organizers will need to step-up their game in order to keep up with their French rivals. Case in point: it was recently announced that beginning in 2024, RCS–who organizes the men’s Giro d’Italia–will take over the Giro Donne, which means more money and more infrastructure will be funneled toward this important women’s event.

Details have yet to emerge about this year’s course (they always arrive at the last minute), and we’re curious to see which riders attempt to tackle the Giro Rosa and the new Tour de France Femmes two weeks later. Last year we said that winning both would be a tall order, but van Vleuten proved us wrong by winning the Giro and then Tour de France Femmes a few weeks later. She’s again tackling both races in 2023.

Tour de France — July 1 to July 23

The 2023 Tour de France should again be one of the highlights of the year–and this year’s edition has several tricks up its sleeve. The race begins in the Spanish Basque Country and quickly heads into the Pyrenees, where early mountain battles will begin shuffling the General Classification. Stage 9 brings a return to the Puy de Dôme, an extinct volcano that’s one of the most famous climbs in Tour de France history–and hasn’t been climbed in 35 years.

The final two weeks cover some of the toughest climbs in the Alps, including the high-altitude (and steep) Col de Loze and the race’s only time trial: a hilly ITT on Stage 16. As the race approaches Paris the riders will hit the Vosges mountains, for a tough penultimate stage featuring many of the climbs used by van Vleuten to seize control of last year’s Tour de France Femmes.

The defending champion, Denmark’s Jonas Vingegaard (Jumbo-Visma) will return to defend his title, and he’ll face a stiff challenge Pogačar, the winner in 2020 and 2021. The Slovenian seemed to learn a few lessons after relinquishing the yellow jersey midway through last year’s Tour, and that could mean bad news for Vingegaard and his team.

Tour de France Femmes — July 23 to 30

After facing years of pressure from advocates and racers, the organizers of the Tour de France finally announced the return of a true women’s Tour de France. Consisting of eight stages, the race began on the final day of the men’s Tour and finished one week later. It was a resounding success.

This year’s Tour de France Femmes will follow a similar pattern: starting in Clermont-Ferrand on the last Sunday of the men’s Tour, the race covers eight stages suiting a variety of riding styles.

The first six stages offer chances for sprinters and puncheurs, which means exciting racing for viewers and fans. But the final weekend has us most excited with a summit finish on the Col du Tourmalet on Saturday and an individual time trial on Sunday.

Van Vleuten overcame a slow start to dominate last year’s race. If things go according to plan she’ll defend last year’s title, and possibly complete a historic triple by winning the Vuelta, the Giro, and the Tour all in the same season.

UCI World Championships — August 6 to 13

The UCI World Road Race Championships move to early-August this year, which makes the Tour de France an even more important event as it’s the best place for riders to hone their form. And the events couldn’t be taking place in a more stunning location: Glasgow, Scotland. Raced by national teams and run entirely without race radios, these are always some of the most intriguing and intense races of the season.

The hilly city circuit should favor the riders we’re used to seeing at the front of the World Championship road races: the Dutch (led by van Vleuten, the defending champion) and the Italians on the women’s side (both teams are too deep to single-out any one rider), and puncheurs like Evenepoel (the defending champion) and France’s Julian Alaphilippe (winner in 2020 and 2021) on the men’s. Each winner will spend the rest of the season and the first half of the next in the rainbow jersey awarded to the winner of each discipline.

Vuelta a España — August 26 to September 17

As the final grand tour of the season, the Tour of Spain (“Vuelta a España”) is traditionally a last chance for riders hoping to end the year on high note, earn a contract for the following season, or get themselves in shape for the fall Classics. With lots of mountains and a start list filled with motivated riders, the Vuelta always delivers some of the year’s most exciting finishes.

At this point in the season it’s tough to predict who will add the Spanish grand tour to their program, as lots of things can change between now and September. Evenepoel (the defending champion) and Roglič (winner in 2019, 2020, and 2021) will have more than enough time to target the Vuelta after competing in the Giro, but a lot can happen over the course of a season.

We also can’t wait to see what kind of hot mess Movistar brings to the race: as documented by the Netflix series “The Least Expected Day” the Spanish squad always finds a way to both animate and implode. Our hope is that they let their American up-and-comer, Matteo Jorgenson, try and challenge for a high GC finish.

Since getting hooked on pro cycling while watching Lance Armstrong win the 1993 U.S. Pro Championship in Philadelphia, longtime Bicycling contributor Whit Yost has raced on Belgian cobbles, helped build a European pro team, and piloted that team from Malaysia to Mont Ventoux as an assistant director sportif. These days, he lives with his wife and son in Pennsylvania, spending his days serving as an assistant middle school principal and his nights playing Dungeons & Dragons.

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Tour, Giro, and Vuelta: Cycling Grand Tours Statistics Compared (2023)

I love cycling, and I enjoy playing with numbers. One day, I asked myself: What if I combine these two hobbies? What if I create a comparison of cycling Grand Tours statistics?

The result is a unique comparison of all three Grand Tours: Tour de France , Giro d’Italia , and Vuelta a España .

I am sure you will see some of these stats for the first time.

Below, you will find comparisons of all edition distances, average stage lengths, general, mountain, and points classification winners’ height and weight data, rider BMI, and many more interesting stats.

Abbreviations used: GC – General Classification, GT – Grand Tour, TdF – Tour de France, BMI – Body Mass Index

I used publicly available data from sites such as wikipedia.org , procyclingstats.com , and official GT websites letour.fr , giroditalia.it , and lavuelta.es for the statistics and charts below. Some data is not available (especially the rider’s weights/heights).

Please, also remember the following:

• The Tour de France did not take place between 1915-1918 and 1940-1946.
• Giro d’Italia did not take place between 1915-1918 and 1941-1945.
• Vuelta a España did not take place between 1937-1940, 1943-1944, and 1951-1954.
• Lance Armstrong was stripped of all his results and prizes from 1 August 1998. No alternative winners of TdF 1999-2005 were declared yet.
• The actual rider’s racing weight could vary.

I update this article once a year once all Grand Tours are finished.

Grand Tours Total Distance

Let’s start with the basics. The chart below shows the total distance of individual Grand Tour editions. The Tour de France was the longest Grand Tour for decades.

The average Grand Tour length of all editions is 3,747 km . It was around 3,680 km between 1960-1980, 3,720 km between 1980-2000, and “only” 3,390 km between 2000-2020. The average length of the 2023 Grand Tours is 3,297 km .

Number and Length of Grand Tours Stages

The number of stages experienced an opposite trend to the average length. While the first Tour de France editions had only six stages, this number multiplied in the following decades and oscillated around 21 for the past decades.

The average Grand Tour stage length of all editions is 200 km (time trials included).

It was a whopping 278 km between 1909-1939 and 191 km between 1949-1979 (excluding Vuelta because its first edition took place in 1935). The average stage length of the 2023 Grand Tours is 157 km .

Grand Tours Average Speed

The average Grand Tours speed of all editions is 35.42 km/h .

It increased dramatically over time, mainly thanks to technological progress, better training methods, and nutrition—it exceeded the mighty 40 km/h mark.

The average speed of the 2023 Grand Tours was 40.49 km/h .

Will we ever see a Grand Tour surpassing the average speed of 45 km/h?

TIP : Interested in cycling? Feel free to read my guide on how to choose a bike type in 5 minutes or less.

Grand Tours (Historical Extremes)

What about the longest and shortest editions ?

Unsurprisingly, the Tour de France was the longest Grand Tour ever in 1926. Riders had to cover 5,745 km (about the same distance from New York to London).

The longest Giro d’Italia took place in 1954 (4,337 km), and the longest Vuelta a España was in 1936 (4,407 km).

The shortest Grand Tour ever was also the Tour de France.

The first two editions (1903 and 1904) were the same length of 2,428 km .

The shortest Giro was 15 km longer (1912), and the Vuelta 14 km longer (1963), resulting in 2,443 and 2,443 km.

Speaking of length, here is another “best” for the Tour de France.

The longest Grand Tour stage ever ( 482 km ) was the 5th stage in the 1919 edition.

Meanwhile, the longest Giro stage (stage 3 in 1914) was 52 km shorter. Vuelta falls behind with only a 310 km stage (stage 6 in 1935).

However, Vuelta holds a record for the fastest Grand Tour edition ever. Riders covered the 58th edition of Vuelta a España (2003) with an average speed of 42.53 km/h .

The fastest TdF was in 2022 (41.84 km/h) and Giro in 2011 (41.86 km/h).

The title for the slowest Grand Tour holds Giro d’Italia. 1914 Giro was ridden at an average speed of 23.37 km/h .

My humble guess is that this record won’t be broken – 8 out of 12 stages were classified as mountain stages.

The slowest Tour de France took place in 1924 (5,425 km). The winner, Ottavio Bottecchia, reached the winning time of 226h 18′ 21″, resulting in an average speed of 23.97 km/h.

The slowest Vuelta a España (25.72 km/h) took place in 1948. It took the winner 155h 06′ 30″ to cover the 3,990 km.

IMPORTANT NOTE : Many websites (including Wikipedia) list the 1919 Tour de France as the slowest TdF ever. This figure is incorrect because the winning time of Firmin Lambot was 231h 07′ 15″. The 1919 edition was 5,560 km long. When we do some math, it is easy to calculate that the average speed was 24.0567 km/h.

Rider’s Height, Weight, and BMI (Over Time)

How do the rider’s height, weight, and BMI develop over time? How do these data differ between riders for the general classification, climbers, and sprinters?

Unfortunately, the weights and heights of riders from the past century are often missing. So, the resulting trends can be skewed.

General Classification Winners

Are GC riders getting taller and leaner?

The past decades have shown that even riders above 1.85m can win Grand Tours—to name a few: Chris Froome, Bradley Wiggins, Miguel Indurain, Fabio Aru, or Tom Dumoulin, who are all tall riders.

The GC winner’s height oscillates around 179 cm (±10 cm). Giro and Vuelta seem to be more “short riders friendly.” More riders below 175 cm won these Grand Tours in the past decades.

The trend for the lower weight also seems not to be a myth.

Although many heights and weight data are not available, the following chart shows that riders are really getting leaner on average .

An average GC winner’s weight was 67.67 kg between 1980-2000, while only 64.33 kg between 2000-2020.

The most interesting chart of the series of these 3 is probably the following BMI chart. BMI uses your height and weight to work out if your weight is healthy. ( Source )

Here is a quick guide on how to interpret the values:

• Below 18.5 – underweight,
• 18.5-24.9 – normal,
• 25.0-29.9 – overweight,
• 30.0 and above – obese.

The GC winner’s BMI has varied between 21 and 19 in recent decades, averaging around 20.11 . For example, Chris Froome’s BMI was around 19.08 when he won his Grand Tours, and Sepp Kuss’s (Vuelta 2023 winner) was even lower at 18.42.

BMI CALCULATOR

Mountain Classification Winners

The height data of the winners of mountain classification is also exciting. The average height of the GT mountain classification winner is 1.74 m .

Vuelta is, according to some people, considered the toughest GT. However, based on data, the average weight of the Giro mountain classification winner is 64.4 kg.

The average weight of the GT mountain classification winner is 64.4 kg .

The average BMI of mountain classification winners is 21.19 .

We can see a similar trend like with GC winners. Nowadays, climbers have a lower BMI on average than at the beginning of this classification. The average BMI of mountain classification winners is lower than the BMI of GC winners (21.51).

Points Classification Winners

Sprinters and all-around riders’ height rarely goes below 1.70 m or exceeds 1.85 m . The average height of a points classification winner is 1.79 m .

Not surprisingly, sprinters and all-around riders are heavier than climbers. The average weight of a GT points classification winner is 71.3 kg .

The average BMI of points classification winners is 22.3 . However, the BMI variance of individual winners has been relatively significant in recent years.

Rider’s Height, Weight, and BMI (Historical Extremes)

The following stats are focused on historical extremes. You can easily compare your own height and weight with Grand Tour GC winners.

The average height of a Grand Tour GC winner is 1.77 m .

The tallest GC winner ever is Bradley Wiggins (TdF 2012). He is 1.90 m tall.

The shortest GC winner ever was Romain Maes (Tour de France 1935 winner). He was 1.60 m tall.

The average weight of a Grand Tour GC winner is 67.4 kg .

The heaviest GC winner was Tour de France 1909 winner François Faber. He weighed 88 kg .

The lightest GC winner was Marco Pantani. He won the Tour de France and Giro in the same year (1998), weighing just 57 kg .

A GC winner has an average BMI of 21.51 .

A GC winner with the highest BMI was François Faber. He won the 1909 Tour de France with a BMI of 27.77 (1.78 m, 88 kg).

A GC winner with the lowest BMI was Sepp Kuss. He won the 2023 Vuelta with a BMI of 18.42 (1.82 m, 61 kg).

The average height of a mountain classification GT winner is 1.74 m .

The tallest mountain classification winner ever was Mauricio Soler (TdF 2007). He is 1.90 m tall.

The shortest mountain classification winner ever was Mariano Díaz (Vuelta 1967). He was 1.59 m tall.

The average weight of a mountain classification winner is 64.4 kg .

The heaviest mountain classification winner was the Giro d’Italia 1933 mountain classification winner Alfredo Binda. He weighed 77 kg .

The lightest mountain classification winner was José Rujano. He won the 2005 Giro mountain classification, weighing just 48 kg .

A mountain classification winner has an average BMI of 21.19 .

A mountain classification winner with the highest BMI was Mariano Díaz. He won the 1967 Vuelta a España mountain classification with a BMI of 24.92 (1.59 m, 63 kg).

A mountain classification winner with the lowest BMI was José Rujano. He won the 2005 Giro mountain classification with a BMI of 18.29 (1.62 m, 48 kg).

The average height of a points classification GT winner is 1.79 m .

The tallest points classification winner ever was Tom Boonen (TdF 2007). He is 1.92 m tall.

The shortest points classification winner ever was Stan Ockers (TdF 1955 and 1956). He was 1.65 m tall.

The average weight of a points classification winner is 71.3 kg .

The heaviest points classification winner was Rik Van Steenbergen. He won Vuelta a España 1956 points classification weighing 83 kg .

The lightest points classification winner was Joaquim Rodríguez. He won the 2012 Giro points classification, weighing just 57 kg .

A points classification winner has an average BMI of 22.3 .

A points classification winner with the highest BMI was Walter Godefroot. He won the 1970 Tour de France points classification with a BMI of 24.94 (1.71 m, 73 kg).

A points classification winner with the lowest BMI was Chris Froome. He won the 2017 Vuelta points classification with a BMI of 19.08 (1.86 m, 66 kg).

Overall Victories & Stage Wins

Eddy Merckx is the rider with the most Grand Tour GC wins (11). He won TdF and Giro 5 times, as well as Vuelta once.

The following table shows the three riders with the most stage wins for a given Grand Tour.

Consider these Incredible Bicycle Statistics to discover more about the sport we all love so much.

We have a song in the Czech Republic that goes like this:

“Statistics are boring, but it has valuable information…”

I have never enjoyed statistics, but spending dozens of hours putting this comparison together was fun. I was surprised to see some Grand Tour data visualized. The riders’ height, weight, and BMI data points are pretty interesting. What do you think about these cycling Grand Tours statistics?

I hope you like this comparison. If so, don’t forget to share it with your friends.

You can also check out my other articles dedicated to individual Grand Tours that go into more detail:

• Tour de France Statistics
• Giro d’Italia Statistics
• Vuelta a España Statistics

Cycling Grand Tours FAQ

Yes, several riders won all three Grand Tours at least once (TdF Wins, Giro Wins, Vuelta Wins): Eddy Merckx (5, 5, 1) Bernard Hinault (5, 3, 2) Jacques Anquetil (5, 2, 1) Chris Froome (4, 1, 2) Alberto Contador (2, 2, 3) Felice Gimondi (1, 3, 1) Vincenzo Nibali (1, 2, 1) No rider has won all three Grand Tours in the same calendar year.

The Giro d’Italia proves to be challenging, mainly due to the demanding Alp and Appennine climbs, as well as frequent inclement weather. The Tour de France stands out as the premier cycling event worldwide, drawing significant attention and placing considerable mental strain on riders. Nevertheless, there’s a consensus among some that the Vuelta a España is the toughest because it serves as the final Grand Tour of the season, with riders already exhausted. I’ll let you decide, but it’s evident that no Grand Tour can be considered easy.

Depending on how you define “the greatest.” However, the rider with the most GT wins is Eddy Merckx. He won 11 GT (5 times Tour de France, 5 times Giro d’Italia, and once Vuelta a España).

wikipedia.org procyclingstats.com letour.fr giroditalia.it lavuelta.es

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About The Author

Petr Minarik

4 thoughts on “tour, giro, and vuelta: cycling grand tours statistics compared (2023)”.

Great work! Can you add a cumulative vertical meters comparison to each GT? And create a weighted index according to Cumulative distance – Cumulative ascent – Average speed.

Thanks a lot. – Eran

Hi Eran, I thought about doing something like you describe. Unfortunately, total vertical meters are unavailable for many editions. Therefore, I decided not to include it. But you are right, that would be interesting!

You’re the guy to do it, you’re Great! I’d like to see day by day where riders have gained or lost time to the current GC leader. Does that make sense? I think it would be interesting as hell! Thanks for doing such a great job at what you do!!!

Hi Dan, Thank you for your trust and appreciation. I am afraid this is beyond my time capacity. However, this would be interesting data. 🙂 – Petr

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Cycling Calendar 2024

Please click on the links in underneath scheme for more information.

Eurosport is probably the best app for covering cycling tours races you can also watch on demand past races worth paying for I pay years subscription you can watch on tv or on phone and this site is awesome that gives details to stages to view stats while watching

What a calender for 2024.

Does anyone know where to find a comprehensive list of where fans can watch each race? What races are on Flo bikes, or NBC, or whatever.

4/6/2023 – Danny Holman

Gears, Guts and Glory: The Grand Tours of cycling

The Grand Tours of cycling - the Tour de France, Giro d'Italia, and La Vuelta - are considered the most prestigious events in cycling. They're revered by riders, fans, and media. But what makes them unique and how does La Vuelta compare against its two older rivals?

"The Grand Tours are more than just races, they are cultural events that bring people together from all over the world to witness the triumph of the human spirit." - Greg LeMond

The special appeal of the Grand Tours

The FIFA World Cup, the Olympic Games, the Superbowl, Le Mans, Wimbledon. These famous events all represent the height of achievement in their respective sports. And for cycling, it is the Grand Tours. The three separate races of the Grand Tours are considered the absolute pinnacle of the sport, attracting the very best cyclists from around the world to compete in the race, and winning brings sporting immortality.

"The Grand Tours are a reflection of life itself - they have their ups and downs, their triumphs and setbacks, but in the end, it's the journey that matters most." - Chris Froome

But despite obvious similarities, the three events are distinctly different with their own character and flavour. Their fame has grown over the decades for different reasons but why are they so important and revered by cyclists?

1. Tradition and History:

The Grand Tours all have a rich history, dating back over a century. The Tour de France, first held in 1903, is the oldest, while the Giro d'Italia and La Vuelta were first held in 1909 and 1935, respectively. Over the years, these races have become an integral part of cycling culture - both nationally and internationally, with fans and riders alike eagerly anticipating each edition of the race.

2. Difficulty and Challenge:

The Grand Tours are purposely designed as incredibly tough and demanding races. They typically last over three weeks and cover thousands of kilometres over 21 stages, with riders facing gruelling mountain stages, flats, and time trials. Winning a Grand Tour requires not only exceptional physical ability but also mental toughness, tactical astuteness, as well as teamwork.

3. Prestige and Recognition:

Winning a Grand Tour is one of the greatest achievements in professional cycling. It is an indisputable mark of excellence and places a rider among the sport's elite. But while honour is great, the financial rewards cannot be ignored either. The media attention and public recognition that come with winning a Grand Tour will help a rider secure sponsorship deals and significantly increase their earnings.

4. Cultural Significance:

The Grand Tours are also important cultural events, with each race featuring stages that pass through historic cities and landmarks. Each Tour is seen as a reflection of the soul of the country. They showcase the beauty and diversity of the host countries and attract millions of spectators each year.

"The beauty of the Grand Tours is that they are not just races, but journeys. They take you on a physical and emotional rollercoaster that is both exhausting and exhilarating." - David Millar

The Tour de France

The Tour de France, or the Tour as it is affectionately known, is undoubtedly the most famous of the three races, and is considered by many to be the most prestigious. Usually held in July, the race covers a distance of around 3,500 kilometres over 21 stages (in 2023 it will be 3404 km). The original purpose of the race was to boost newspaper sales but this has evolved over the decades to boost the culture and heritage of the country. It's quite a progression. The Tour features a mix of flat stages, mountain stages, and individual time trials, but it is most famous for its mountain stages, where riders must climb steep peaks such as the Alpe d'Huez and the Mont Ventoux. The Yellow Jersey, or Maillot Jaune, is worn by the race leader and has become an iconic symbol of excellence in the sport and even beyond that. There are other jerseys to battle for: the green jersey, or maillot vert, is awarded to the rider who accumulated the most points in the intermediate sprints and stage finishes. The polka-dot jersey, or maillot à pois rouges, is awarded to the rider who accumulated the most points in the mountain stages and the white jersey, or maillot blanc, is awarded to the best-placed rider under 25 years of age. The race attracts millions of spectators every year, who line the roads of France to fervently cheer on their favourite riders. The most successful rider in the history of the Tour de France is Belgian cyclist Eddy Merckx, who won the race five times between 1969 and 1974.

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The Giro d'Italia

The Giro d'Italia, or the Tour of Italy is perhaps the second most well-known race in the world of cycling with the Pink Jersey, or Maglia Rosa worn by the race leader. The Giro is famous for its challenging mountain stages, which often take riders through the Italian Alps. The race usually takes place in May and so the weather is often unpredictable at this time of the year. Snow can be encountered at some of the higher altitudes. The Giro has become famous for its sprint finishes, where riders battle it out in a final dash to the finish line. This race attracts a large international following and has been won by some of the greatest cyclists of all time, including icons such as Eddy Merckx and Marco Pantani. The race has seen its fair share of drama over the years. In 1949, the "Fight of the Century" took place between Italian riders Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi. The two were fierce rivals, and their rivalry reached boiling point during Stage 17, where Bartali punched Coppi. Bartali went on to win the race, while Coppi finished second.

La Vuelta a España

And then there is La Vuelta a España, or the Tour of Spain. It's the youngest of the three Grand Tours, having been first held in 1935. The race covers a distance of around 3,000 kilometres over 21 stages, often with challenging mountain stages through the Pyrenees and the Sierra Nevada. The race is also famous for its gruelling time trials, where riders must push themselves to the limit against the clock. Despite a shorter history than the other two, La Vuelta has still featured some of the greatest cyclists of all time, including Miguel Indurain and Alberto Contador.

"La Vuelta is a race that captures the spirit and passion of Spain, and is one of the greatest events in professional cycling." - Eusebio Unzue

What makes La Vuelta special?

Initially overshadowed by the Tour de France and Giro d'Italia, La Vuelta struggled to establish itself as a major race in the cycling world in its early years. The race suffered from financial difficulties and an inability to really establish its own identity. However, in the 1990s, the race underwent a transformation, with new organizers and a renewed desire to define the race's unique character. The organizers introduced new routes through less obvious regions that showcased the many beautiful and varied landscapes of Spain. The new approach worked and a new generation of riders and fans were drawn to the race.

La Vuelta has ultimately found success by trying to be different from the other two Grand Tours, rather than an imitation. So how does it stand out? La Vuelta is usually the last of the Grand Tours in the calendar year, running from late August to September. That means it misses the scorching heat of the midsummer that characterizes the Tour. But the heat still plays a key role in the character of the race - it's often perfect weather for both cyclists and spectators but it can still get hot on La Vuelta and with that heat comes passion. Earlier versions of La Vuelta included lots of long, flat stages. These were the safe but uninspiring options. What audiences and spectators really love are the shorter, punchier mountain stages such as Alto de l'Angliru . The introduction of these stages has reinvigorated the race, which now attracts huge crowds of enthusiastic hardcore fans, known as "aficionados", who line the stages to cheer on their heroes.

The Tour that showcases Spain

The race often passes through ancient cities and historic landmarks, giving fans a glimpse into the rich cultural heritage of Spain. The race also has a strong emphasis on food, with each stage featuring local cuisine and delicacies. La Vuelta is a celebration of Spanish culture, and the race is seen as a symbol of national pride. The race also features traditions unique to Spain, such as the daily siesta, which often results in later start times for the stages. This is also reflected in the atmosphere of the festival. It's perceived as a little more chilled and accessible than the others. La Vuelta is now considered by many to be the most exciting of the three Grand Tours. It has developed a reputation for being unpredictable, which is a good thing for audiences. There are some murmurs that the long flat 200 km+ stages of the Tour de France are boring. La Vuelta doesn't suffer from that perception. As the youngest of the Tours, it can be more adventurous and progressive. The Spanish cyclist Alberto Contador has won all three Grand Tours in his career, but has often spoken about his love for La Vuelta. In fact, he has won the race three times (2008, 2012, 2014) and described it as the most beautiful and exciting of the Grand Tours.

"The fans in Spain are incredible, and the passion they have for La Vuelta is contagious." - Fabio Aru

How you can ride La Vuelta for yourself

Each of the Grand Tour's has its own unique character that defines it, although it has changed over the decades. Here at ROUVY our favourite of the three is La Vuelta but then we are a little biased as we are exclusive virtual partners and have a proud relationship with this amazing event. This means we are the only indoor cycling platform to give riders the chance to ride the routes of La Vuelta from their own homes. So if you want to explore some of these epic rides through Spanish towns and countryside, ROUVY can help you with the experience.

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Who Won the Most in the 2023 Pro Cycling Season, and Why It Matters

Feast and famine in the worldtour: end-of-year leagues for wins, uci points show brutal contrast between the haves and have-nots of the peloton..

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Three teams ruled pro cycling in 2023, and you probably don’t need to see stats to know who they are.

Jumbo-Visma , UAE Team Emirates , and Soudal Quick-Step obliterated the cycling year with riders like Jonas Vingegaard, Primož Roglič, Tadej Pogačar, and Remco Evenepoel.

That top trio won all three grand tours and three of the five monuments for a total of 181 wins this year. That’s more than one-third of all the victories earned by the 18 teams in the WorldTour .

Digging through the end-of-season data shows the discrepancy between pro cycling’s haves and have-nots in 2023.

Jumbo-Visma’s table-topping tally of 69 victories for 2023 is three times that of their less lustrous rivals.

Similarly, UAE Team Emirates led the WorldTour rankings at the end of the season with a points haul more than four times that of some of those that spent the last 10 months chasing their wheels.

Ag2r-Citroën heads into the off-season with the ugly infamy of the least-winning team this year. The French stalwarts won just nine times in 2023 and ended the year way off the back in the chase for WorldTour points.

Lowest scorer in the WorldTour rankings for 2023?

That’s the newly Mark Cavendish-centric Astana-Qazaqstan, which scored only 20 percent of the points awarded to Pogačar and Co. at UAE Emirates.

Here are some headline numbers that show the extent of the feast and famine in the WorldTour:

Wins in 2023:

• Jumbo-Visma: 69
• UAE Emirates: 57
• Soudal Quick-Step: 55
• [Least wins: Arkéa-Samsic: 10; Ag2r-Citroën: 9]

UCI points in 2023:

• UAE Emirates: 30,944
• Jumbo-Visma: 29,471
• Soudal Quick-Step: 18,698
• [Fewest UCI points: Ag2r-Citroën: 8,941; Astana Qazaqstan: 6,960]

Most victories in 2023:

• Jasper Philipsen (Alpecin-Deceuninck): 19
• Tadej Pogačar (UAE Emirates): 17
• Jonas Vingegaard and Primož Roglič (both Jumbo-Visma): 15 each

Most UCI points in 2023:

• Tadej Pogačar (UAE Emirates): 7,696
• Jonas Vingegaard (Jumbo-Visma): 6,304
• Remco Evenepoel (Soudal Quick-Step): 5,632

But beneath the top-level tables, there are some interesting insights to be had.

Let’s dive in …

You can check the chart at the bottom of the post to see the full breakdowns of victories, WorldTour victories, and WorldTour points. 

Jumbo-Visma dominates with depth, UAE Emirates pins hopes on Pogačar

Jumbo-Visma heavyweights Vingegaard and Roglič both won 15 times this season, and Olav Kooij added a further 13 to the supersquad’s total of 69 victories.

With 14 unique winners for 2023 and three of those cracking into double-digit victories, Jumbo-Visma was blessed with big winners.

Interestingly, all of Vingegaard, Roglič, Kooij are Jumbo-Visma long-timers. The Dutch team plucked them from obscurity and was able to wield its impressive backroom resources in the following seasons to take them to the top.

Also read: Best team ever? Jumbo-Visma closes out 2023 with 69 victories

That contrasts starkly with Jumbo-Visma’s archrivals UAE Team Emirates.

Pogačar was by far UAE’s top player in both quantity and quality –  the Slovenian’s 17 victories across monuments, stage-races, and everything in between dwarves that of next-best Marc Hirschi (7) and Adam Yates (5).

“Pogi” also crushed the UCI individual rankings with 7,696 points. That’s more than the haul of all of team Astana Qazaqstan put together.

In short, Jumbo-Visma spread its bets wide in 2023, and it brought bounty. It won the most times and won all three grand tours with three different riders.

Pogačar continues to be the center of the UAE Emirates universe, even with riders like Yates, João Almeida, and Juan Ayuso on the bus. No surprise then that Pogačar is reportedly the highest-salaried road rider in the world.

The sprinter gamble  

Soudal Quick-Step’s 55 wins for 2023 are distributed like Jumbo-Visma’s – among a handful of aces rather than piled into one trump card.

Evenepoel brought the “Wolf Pack” a dozen trips to the podium, with sprinter pair Tim Merlier and Fabio Jakobsen next-best on 11 and 7 respectively.

And speaking of sprinters – Jasper Philipsen alone towed Alpecin-Deceuninck to fifth in the overall charts as it dug an elbow into the ribs of its more monied-up rivals.

With 19 victories, the Belgian speedster won the most times in 2023, but he only ended up 9th in the WorldTour rankings. How come? Stage-race and championship results matter most in the UCI league.

Also read: Jasper Philipsen tops 2023 victory tally with 19 wins

Having a dialed-in sprinter guarantees a team time on victory podiums.

Arnaud De Lie almost singlehandedly dragged second-division Lotto-Dstny toward the middle of the league for wins  – but unfortunately for his Belgian team, those mostly lower-ranked race victories don’t count for much in the WorldTour equation.

But a team focused on fast-finishers is taking a gamble.

Astana Qazaqstan was the 15th least prolific of the 18 WorldTour teams and groveling at the bottom of the WorldTour league this season.

Cavendish won only once, while many of his rivals took the tape at least a half-dozen times. That’s a discrepancy that could change the entire tone of a whole team’s season.

Feast, famine, and the spiral of success

There’s no surprise that there’s a strong correlation between budgets and success in the 2023 tables.

Big budgets bring big riders, and big riders bring big wins. And with big wins comes bigger sponsorship opportunities and investments, and the security to invest long-term in riders, staff, and R&D.

Jumbo-Visma and UAE Emirates are among the most monied in the sport in 2023, and they command palmarès that reflect the fact.

Soudal Quick-Step isn’t the most wealthy team out there, but its canny scouting strategy and tight grip on budgets allows the “Wolf Pack” to snarl beyond its collective weight.

With a handful of teams crushing the whole calendar, the squads with less in the coffer find it even more difficult to hop onto the upward spiral of success.

And that cycle doesn’t slow down.

The huge discrepancies in wins and WorldTour points for 2023 between Jumbo-Visma and UAE Emirates, and Astana Qazaqstan and Ag2r-Citroën paint the picture.

What happens next season?

Expect to see the same names toward the top of the winsheet in 2024, but perhaps with some tweaks.

Roglič’s exit from Jumbo-Visma to Bora-Hansgrohe could put a significant dent into the Dutch team’s records for wins and WorldTour points. Sepp Kuss – the highest WorldTour points accumulator from the U.S. – could fill some of the gap if his Vuelta a España victory earns him more leader roles in 2024.

It will be interesting to see if Jumbo-Visma has to tweak its winning backroom operations next year as it braces for the exit of longtime sponsor Jumbo.

Meanwhile, Bora-Hansgrohe might just boot the door down on the hierarchy with Roglič’s arrival.

The German-based team has been just outside of the very top tier since Jai Hindley won the 2022 Giro d’Italia and could be in the frame for some big gains with the entry of its Slovenian grand tour superstar.

Lower down the tables, Lidl-Trek, EF Education-EasyPost, and Jayco AlUla are all poised to make gains after this trio scored big in the transfer market. Lidl-Trek in particular was able to make hay with several marquee signings thanks to the cash injection provided by its new supermarket sponsor.

And what of the WorldTour underachievers DSM-Firmenich, Ag2r-Citroën, and Arkéa-Samsic?

DSM will be pinning its hopes on new recruits Fabio Jakobsen and Warren Barguil to reverse the trend of 2023.

Arkéa-Samsic will center around sprinter Arnaud Démare and its newly assembled leadout unit, while its French rivals Ag2r-Citroën will be praying for Ben O’Connor to regain his grand tour mojo of the turn of this decade.

The awesome ProTeam foursome of Uno-X, Lotto-Dstny, Israel Premier-Tech, and Total Energies won’t be totally consumed in the 2024-26 relegation-promotion battle next year.

But the race for a lucrative WorldTour spot will most certainly be playing on their minds – expect to see some strange calendar selections and race strategies as a result.

Breakdown: Total victories, WorldTour victories, WorldTour points

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Sepp Kuss in red was only the start: 8 American cycling pros to watch in 2024

Was “GC Kuss” just the start of reviving the American Dream in cycling?

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When American Sepp Kuss (Team Visma-Lease a Bike) took home the red jersey at La Vuelta in 2023, he was met by parades in his hometown of Durango, Colorado and surprising praise from American actor Ben Stiller who had followed the entire La Vuelta, cheering Kuss on along the way.

Compatriot Veronica Ewers has risen to prominence in the past two years with a top 10 finish at the inaugural Tour de France Femmes avec Zwift after having spent most of her cycling career as an amateur. 

We know there is talent in the legs and hearts of American riders. With the road season now upon us, here's who to follow in 2024. And who know? These riders may just spark an American cycling revival .

Despite his team’s seeming unwillingness to let a domestique claim a grand classification victory, Sepp Kuss (Team Visma-Lease a Bike) ended up winning La Vuelta a Espana in 2023, much to the happiness of his hometown in Durango, Colorado and American cycling enthusiasts nationwide. Kuss’ win made him the first American in a decade to win a Grand Tour . As such, thousands came out to celebrate Kuss when he returned to the Mountain West to celebrate his La Vuelta victory.

Kuss also finsihed 12th overall in the 2023 Tour de France, where his strength on key climbing stages helped secure teammate Jonas Vingegaard’s win. After being in the top 10 overall for much of the Tour, a nasty crash in stage 20 bumped Kuss down to 12th, where he remained for the rest of the Tour. 

Kuss is undoubtedly a talented rider with more grand classification wins in the realm of possibility. But knowing that Team Visma-Lease a Bike's focus is on Vingegaard, will he ever get another opportunity to go for the win like at La Vuelta? Time will tell. 

Neilson Powless

Neilson Powless (EF Education-Easypost) is now in his fifth year with EF Education-Easypost and arguably had his best year yet in 2023.

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He started 2023 with a win at Grand Prix Cycliste de Marseille as well as the overall at Étoile de Bèsseges. He continued to impress at Dwars door Vlaanderen where he finished third and then rounded things out with a fifth place finish at the Tour of Flanders . 

At the 2023 Tour de France, Powless wore the polka dot jersey for a whopping 13 days, becoming the first American to do so since 2017. Powless’ climbing prowess makes him sure to be a key player in this year’s Tour de France, whose route is notably hilly with five summit finishes.

Matteo Jorgenson

Another American known for his climbing skills, Idaho native Matteo Jorgenson (Team Visma-Lease a Bike) made his Tour de France debut in 2022 with Team Movistar, where he came dangerously close to winning stage 16. 

In 2023, Jorgenson was poised to win the stage at Puy de Dôme , but ran out of gas with about 1km to go, ultimately finishing in fourth. Still, though, Jorgenson noted he was pleased with his effort and felt there was more effort to be given on another day.

This year will be Jorgenson’s first on Team Visma-Lease a Bike and he’s wasted no time getting acquainted with teammates like Wout van Aert, cruising around the Tour of Flanders route with van Aert in November.

Brandon McNulty

Brandon McNulty (UAE Team Emirates) is the current U.S. National time trial champion after finding the top step at the USA Cycling Pro Road National Championships in 2023. And McNulty won by a good chunk of time, too - silver was nearly 90 seconds back. Also in 2023, McNulty won Stage 15 at the Giro d’Italia .

McNulty has started 2024 off with a bang, winning the Grand Classification at Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana in Spain. He has also been given the go-ahead by his team to go for more wins this season.

Veronica Ewers

Another Idaho native, Veronica Ewers (Team EF Education-Cannondale) has had a meteoric -and unorthodox- rise to prominence in professional cycling.

She attended her first-ever group road ride in 2018 on a used Kona Jake the Snake cyclocross bike in tennis shoes. Despite her unassuming appearance, Ewers’ talent for cycling was undeniable, and by mid-2021, she stood atop the U.S. Pro Nationals podium with a bonze medal.

In 2022, Ewers finished ninth overall at the inaugural Tour de France Femmes avec Zwift , and many eyed her for another top 10 finish - if not higher - in 2023. Unfortunately, Ewers was unable to show her prowess fully at the 2023 Tour de France Femmes avec Zwift when a race-ending crash in Stage 6 sidelined her. 

This year, there will certainly be a focus on Ewers to see if she can find redemption at the Tour de France Femmes avec Zwift after the physical and emotional rollercoaster of dropping out last year. 

Chloe Dygert

After two years of career-threatening injuries and illnesses, American cycling star  Choé Dygert  made one hell of a comeback in 2023. 

The multi-discipline star won the  U.S. national time trial and road race  in dominant fashion before taking home two additional World Titles in Glasgow later that summer in the Individual Pursuit event on the track and in the time trial race on the road. 

Heading into an Olympic year, Dygert is favored to win gold in the women’s time trial and individual pursuit, bringing back shades of when fellow and her former coach American Kristin Armstrong won three Olympic golds in the individual time trial in the early and mid-2000s.

Kristen Faulkner

Kristen Faulkner (Team EF Education-Cannondale) is no stranger to stage wins, having racked them up at the Tour Féminin de l’Ardèche, the Ladies Tour of Norway, the Tour de Suisse and the Giro Donne. 

A string contender in the race against the clock, Faulkner finished sixth in the individual time trial at the World Championships in 2022, and in 2023 became the Pan American TT champion, after covering the 20.1km course in 25:45. 

Faulkner had a rollercoaster year in 2023, which saw her struggle with injury and make headlines with a disqualification at the March 2023 Strade Bianche after being caught wearing a continuous glucose monitor, whose use is banned in-competition by the UCI. As a result, Faulkner lost a podium spot in the race.

Faulkner is likely hungry to avenge her disqualification in 2024 for her new team, EF Education-Cannondale and will probably be just as hungry to not forget to remove her continuous glucose monitor before a race, too.

Coryn Labecki (née Rivera)

Coryn Labecki is the most veteran of the American women listed here, having spent nearly 20 years as a professional cyclist and earning the title of Olympian at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. 

In 2023, Labecki won the U.S. National Criterium Championships (her 73rd national title, we might add), so you’ll find her sporting a stars-and-stripes edition of the EF Pro Cycling kit in any criterium until she’s unseated. 

Always dangerous in a sprint, the five-foot-nothing "Pocket Rocket" is perhaps best known for winning the  Tour of Flanders in 2017 ,and remains the only American, male or female, to have done so. 

After riding in service of Marianne Vos for the Jumbo-Visma team, Labecki signed on to join the newest American team, Jonathan Vaughters' EF Education-Cannondale .

Labecki knows the ins and outs of most races on the circuit - and that, along with her decades of experience makes her an incredibly valuable rider and teammate. Don’t sleep on Labecki for any sprint finish. 

Pro cyclists from the U.S. are poised to make a splash in 2024 with the right team, tactics and, of course, a little bit of luck. We'll be rooting for our U.S.A compatriots as they bring the stars, stripes, polka dots and whatever else this year has in store.

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Kristin Jenny is an elite triathlete based near Boulder, Colorado. Although most of her time is spent in aerobars somewhere in the mountains, she finds time to enjoy eating decadent desserts, hiking with her husband and dog, and a good true crime podcast. 

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Pro cycling by numbers: conclusions from the last decade

Stats and graphs from pro cycling 2010-2019

In recent times there has been plenty of talk about the demise of road racing, with even former WorldTour riders like Peter Stetina , Laurens ten Dam and Lars Boom shifting their focus to gravel , and the EF Education First team adding an 'alternative racing' calendar to the mix.

But the traditional sector of professional cycling is still going strong, hardly losing a single day of racing between 2010 and 2019.

What has changed is where the races are, who they are for and who is racing them. Cyclingnews takes a deep dive into the UCI calendar, rankings and other stats to show that road is still kicking.

Race speeds

An analysis of overall distances and times* for the UCI WorldTour shows the burden of the calendar's expansion and shows that the peloton is human after all. While the overall WorldTour average speed was approximately 40.5kph, the annual average was a full 41.44kph over almost a quarter million kilometres in 2013.

The relationship between overall distance and race speeds is not linear – despite a huge jump in racing kilometres in the WorldTour with the expansion in 2017, the speeds were fairly flat through 2019.

* This data was limited to UCI WorldTour for brevity.

In an attempt to measure the difficulty of the Grand Tours and Giro Rosa , we looked at the gap between the leader and each rider in the top 10 (in seconds) to measure the spread of the GC.

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In the above graph, the closer the dots are to the bottom, the closer they are to the leader (smallest gap). The line on the box represents the 50th percentile while the ends of the box are the 25th and 75th percentiles. In layman terms, the taller the box, the more spread out the top 10 were, and vice versa.

For instance, Vincenzo Nibali won the 2013 Giro d'Italia by 4:43 over Rigoberto Uran, with the rest of the top 10 fairly closely packed within six minutes of Uran, but the 2016 Giro d'Italia also won by Nibali was very different, with the Italian only sneaking into the lead on stage 20, profiting off the misfortune of Steven Kruijswijk's crash on stage 18 and Esteban Chaves' jour sans on stage 20.

Similarly, the 2016 Tour de France might have been a blow-out by Chris Froome with four minutes on Romain Bardet , but 10th place Roman Kreuziger was only three minutes off the podium.

Play with the visualization by using the drop down list to select one of the Grand Tours, and hover to see which rider each dot represents.

Racing days

If you look at the total number of UCI race days* around the world and across all five categories: elite men, elite women, U23 men, and junior men and women, there were nearly the same number of race days in 2010 as there were in 2019. But that doesn't tell the whole story.

There were almost 1,500 days of UCI racing worldwide in both years but in 2010, the elite men's races took up 80.3% per cent of the entire calendar. By 2019, that was down to just under 73.2%. Meanwhile, women's elite racing was 8.2% of the total UCI race days at the start of the decade and grew to 15% by last year.

* Racing days for an event were calculated by subtracting end date from start date and adding 1. Grand Tours were adjusted to 21 days to remove rest days. Although the UCI changed its race classifications over the decade, earlier races were mapped from their class to their 2019 x.UWT, x.HC, x.1 or x.2 equivalents.

There is still a long way to go to equality but the growth in the elite women mainly offset declines in men's stage racing, adding 102 race days to their pro calendar. Women's pro racing days increased in every continent except Africa (which has no UCI races for women in either year), with the most gains in Europe with 46 days.

While the introduction of the UCI Women's WorldTour in 2016 might have increased the quality of racing, women were already making gains in 2012, with the number of races fluctuating ahead of the Olympic years but making steady gains over the three Olympic cycles in the last decade.

The elite men's category showed a decline or little growth in race days everywhere except Asia. Between one-day and stage races, the world lost 107 days of UCI elite men's race days.

One-day racing remained strong, gaining five days of racing worldwide: While Europe lost eight one-day racing days, there were modest increases in the other continents. However, stage racing took the hit across the globe, with 112 days of racing lost overall.

The biggest shift came in the 2.2-ranked stage races, which declined by a whopping 229 days of racing around the globe, while modest gains were made in the 2.HC and WorldTour categories, which added 32 and 25 days respectively.

The WorldTour expansion resulted in a 61.5% increase in one-day races and 18.5% increase in stage racing days at that level, while the 1.HC class gained almost half again as many with seven more days.

The 1.1 classification saw a decline of 20 days (23.5%) while there were eight more 1.2 races in 2019 than in 2010.

Stage racing declines

Lower level stage races are important for the development of young riders, providing them a taste of the kinds of efforts riders put in for the Tour de France. However, multi-day events are increasingly expensive to hold and take a lot more time and effort to produce.

Between 2010 and 2019, the total number of stage racing days went from 1,003 to 891 - an 11.2% decline, this could be due to knock on effects from the 2008 global economic crisis, but the slide has continued at the lowest levels in the elite men's category. Upgrades to higher UCI classifications only accounted for some of the decline and the vast majority of the days were lost altogether.

Europe saw the biggest decline in 2.2 race days, losing 85. Only 20 of the 2.2 elite men's stage races held in 2010 still existed in 2019. The majority of the survivors are in France (9 events). Four of the 2010 races shifted to the U23 or Junior men categories, three upgraded to UCI 2.1 status and one changed to a one-day 1.2-ranked race.

There were 16 new 2.2-ranked events introduced - most of them in Turkey (6) and France (4). 

Spain lost all four of its 2.2 stage races, the Cinturó de l'Empordà, Cinturón Ciclista Internacional a Mallorca, Circuito Montañés and Vuelta Ciclista a León, while France lost three races: Mi-Août en Bretagne, Tour des Pyrénées and Tour du Gévaudan Languedoc-Roussillon.

The next biggest drop in this category came in the Americas, where 75 days of racing were lost - most in South America where all of the 2.2-ranked races in Bolivia and Brazil vanished along with the Vuelta Pilsen a Colombia and the Rutas de America in Uruguay.

Of the 2010 races in South and Central America, only seven survived to 2019: the Tour de Beauce was the only surviving North American event in this category. There were some bright points: six new races appeared on the continent somewhat mitigating the decline.

North America lost the two-day Univest Grand Prix but gained Joe Martin and Tour of the Gila to have a net gain of seven days.

The picture was different in Asia, where 54 days of 2.2-ranked racing went away but were offset by an increase of 56 days of UCI 2.1 stage races, and in Africa, where nine days shifted from 2.2 to 2.1.

The overall result is a reduction of 2.2-ranked stage race days from 211 in 2010 to only 146 days in 2019. In 2010, 19 different countries had a stage race of this category but by 2019 there were only 15 countries with 2.2-ranked events.

The decline in stage racing days has two factors: number of races held and length of races. The number of UCI 2.2 races for elite men went from 97 down to 75 and got 1.25 days shorter on average.

The number of UCI 2.1 races for men went up from 41 to 51 and gained 0.7 days. There are five more 2.HC races in 2019 than in 2010 but are a quarter day shorter now.

Women on the rise

The elite women's race calendar, by contrast, became much stronger over the course of the decade, making big gains in one-day races, going from just 34 UCI-sanctioned events to 90 over ten years. Stage races were equally robust for women, with 89 racing days in 2010 rising to 143 in 2019 – a 60.67% increase.

The most gains were made in Europe, with 46 additional race days over the decade – an increase of 42.6% - but strong growth also came in the Americas, where UCI race days went from a paltry three days to 38. Asia more than doubled its days of UCI racing for women cycling, adding 15 days and Oceania three to bring their tally to eight.

The only down side is races are getting shorter overall for women, with the average length of a WorldTour race going from 5.5 days in 2016 when the series started to 4.75 in 2019. Women gained three each 2.2 and 2.1-ranked events, but lost 0.77 and 1.58 days in length.

The new UCI junior women's category took off over the span. There were but two days of racing in Europe in 2010, and by 2019 junior women had 12 UCI-sanctioned race days.

Other men's categories

In contrast to the junior women, junior men lost ground in Europe, giving up 25 days of racing on the continent and seven in Asia.

U23 men gained 20 days in Europe and six in Africa, but lost four days in the Americas.

Internationalization of the peloton

Cyclingnews looked at the complete year-end individual rankings to see how many countries were represented across road cycling in each of the years across the last ten years.

The UCI's inclusion of Pro Continental and Continental teams in the World Ranking, introduced for elite men in 2015, vastly increased the number of countries in the rankings. From 2010 to 2014 the number was flat at 34 or 35, but exploded to 115 different nations by 2019.

Women's elite racing had already made gains from 58 countries to 75 by 2015, and rose to 91 by 2019.

Internalization of races

While the riders competing at the world level have become more diverse, the road racing calendar itself has seen little change over the decade: the elite men's field remains the most diverse, starting with 68 in 2010 and ending with 66 differently countries holding races in 2019.

The number of countries holding UCI-sanctioned elite women's races nearly doubled over the period, starting with 15 and ending with 28 nations.

France was still the centre of professional road cycling in 2019, with the most UCI race days in the world (all categories) at 236. Italy was second with 134 race days, while Belgium is third with 116.

Looking at just elite men, France still had the most UCI race days at 177, while Spain moved into second with 75 men elite race days and Italy third with 74. China was fourth with 73.

Most successful nations

Strongest men's countries

Looking at the top 10 riders of the last decade in each of the Grand Tours, Spain has been the most successful with 71 top-10s (caveat, riders disqualified for doping are still included, so Alberto Contador, Ezequiel Mosquera, Juan José Cobo, etc., are still included). Colombia's recent success is obvious from this map, while Richard Carapaz puts Ecuador on the map thanks to his Giro win.

We can also look at how many riders each nation had in the top 100 of the UCI Rankings per year and see which countries were the 'hottest' over the decade.

Spain started at the top before being surpassed by Italy after Alberto Contador was banned for doping in the 2010 Tour de France. Italy climbed to the top in 2011 and remained there until France took over in 2014 – not because they had the best overall riders but their depth began to show with Jean-Christophe Peraud, Romain Bardet, Thibaut Pinot, and Tony Gallopin all in the top 100.

That didn't last, as Belgium surged in 2015 and 2016 and while Italy nudged them for most riders in 2017, the country climbed back to the top. Colombia bounced into the top 10 in 2013 and rose as high as fourth most in 2016.

Strongest nations for women's racing

The cycling world looks very different for the women's peloton, with most of the racing concentrated in Europe and a larger portion of the calendar in the US. France still had the most race days in 2019 with 24

The Netherlands and Italy dominated the UCI women's rankings throughout the decade, taking turns with the most riders in the top 100. Australia started and ended the decade in third, but dropped behind the United States during the midpoint.

It's easy to see how the Dutch riders have won so many world championships, Giros and topped the rankings, with stars like Marianne Vos , Anna van der Breggen and Annemiek van Vleuten , but hard to see the depth of their programme until you look at 2018 when there were 20 riders from the tiny country in the top 100!

Would you like to play with the data yourself? Download the github repository . Data vis was done mostly with Flourish , and some data munging was done in Excel and is not in the repository.

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Laura Weislo has been with Cyclingnews since 2006 after making a switch from a career in science. As Managing Editor, she coordinates coverage for North American events and global news. As former elite-level road racer who dabbled in cyclo-cross and track, Laura has a passion for all three disciplines. When not working she likes to go camping and explore lesser traveled roads, paths and gravel tracks. Laura specialises in covering doping, anti-doping, UCI governance and performing data analysis.

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World  /  Europe  /  Russia  / Grand tour of Moscow, Russia

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Grand tour of Moscow, Russia

We present to you the virtual tour, which have been shooting over the most famous sights of Moscow. Also we created a brief summary "Moscow, the best" , which contains 22 panoramas of the most interesting places of the city. For today "Grand tour of Moscow, Russia" is our largest project, it includes 107 panoramas.

As surprising as it may be, but Moscow, one of the most famous cities in the world, attracts only 5 million tourists a year.

Here are some numbers for comparison: Paris sees 29 million tourists a year, Berlin — 10 million tourists a year.

However, the reasons for such low interest in Moscow lies only in technical complexities of organizing the trip to Russia: there are numerous difficulties in getting visa and mysterious Russian weather often frightens sun-loving and demanding travelers. But those who do make it to the capital of Russia don't get disappointed. Moscow is Europe's largest metropolis with unforgettable atmosphere and unique historical monuments that reflect the history of Russia.

According to the legend Moscow is situated on seven hills. The Kremlin, a settlement around which the modern capital of Russia grew, is situated on one of those hills — the Borovitsky Hill. The first mention of Moscow dates back to year 1147, and since then, for almost nine centuries, the city experienced a myriad of events, and it has been destroyed and rebuilt over and over again.

The main attraction of Moscow, the famous Moscow Kremlin, was originally built from wood, but in the 14th century, after being destroyed again, it was rebuilt from a local white stone. It was from that moment on that Moscow was referred to as "Moscow of white stone" ("Moskva belokamennaya"). The walls of the Kremlin were whitewashed long after white stone was replaced with burnt bricks: it was done in the memory of "Moscow of white stone", referring to the glorious part of the city's past.

At the beginning of the 16th century "the seven hills settlement" became the capital of the united Russian state, which gave stimulus to its economic and cultural growth. But while all towers and temples in Moscow were built of stone, the city fire destroyed almost all other old houses in 1812, and Moscow had to be rebuilt all over again.

Burned buildings were replaced with new ones, mostly in classical style: it's those buildings, as well as the modern style ones that were built in the end of the 19th century, that are now comprise what is called "the old Moscow".

Architecture of the Soviet period has also left a great impact on the face of the city. The Shukhov Tower became one of the first notable sights of Moscow: a hyperboloid structure made from steel mesh shell was very innovative and bold for 1920s. Another notable landmark of the last century is the All-Russian Exhibition Center, one of the 50 largest exhibition centers in the world.

And the most famous buildings are the "Stalinist skyscrapers" — seven high-rise buildings built from the late 1940s to early 1950s. Despite the fact that the idea was taken from American skyscrapers, architects were able to create original architectural solutions, which were later called "Stalin's empire style" or "Soviet monumental classicism". Nowadays these high-rise buildings are considered to be the pinnacle of the post-war Soviet Art Deco style and the most important landmarks that end up on every photo of Moscow.

Three of the seven high-rise buildings are located near the famous Garden Ring. It's a circular avenue with circumference of 15.6 kilometers and a width of 70 meters built (paved with asphalt) on top of ancient earth mounds that were used to defend Moscow in the 16th century.

There were more than 130 rivers in Moscow, but now most of them are backfilled. However, the city can offer you very beautiful views of the water: the famous Moskva River, and the smaller Yauza River, Setun River, Shodnya River, Gorodnia River, and many others.

Bridges, just like Moscow's buildings, are unique monuments of Moscow. For example, the Crimean Bridge built in 1938 was the first of the six European bridges that is 168 meters in length. There is also the famous Borodinsky Bridge built to commemorate the Battle of Borodino. Among the most interesting modern bridges is Zhivopisny Bridge in Serebryany Bor, which has no analogues in the world. Its pylon has a form of a huge arch structure spanning from one river bank to the other at acute angle.

In 1990s the Victory Park was opened on Poklonnaya Hill to commemorate the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). The park consists of several churches of different denominations, museums, monuments, a huge collection of military equipment, and 1418 fountains (1418 refers to number of days the war continued), which turn dark crimson during the night.

Even the shortest list of all historical landmarks and sights in Moscow will take more than one page. Moscow is a huge metropolitan city spread over an area of 2,500 square kilometers. It has numerous river and parks, narrow streets and big highways, cozy homes in classical style and cold skyscrapers. Each period gave Moscow something new: in 1940s the city was surrounded by a ring road (MKAD), in 1950s the capital saw the opening of the Olympic complex Luzhniki, in 1960s Ostankino TV tower was built in Moscow, in 1990s the largest business center called Moscow-City was built.

Moscow is the case where you just can't describe everything, and as they say, "A picture is worth a thousand words". AirPano team proudly presents panorama of Moscow, the city whose history is inextricably linked with the history of our country, and whose monuments refer to all areas of Russian culture and architecture.

Photo by Dmitry Moiseenko , Ivan Roslyakov , Stanislav Sedov , Sergey Semenov , Dmitry Chistoprudov

16 December 2013

Open Gallery

Virtual Travels in 360°

Great job guys, pls keep your work rolling. You have shot many locations, but there are so many places to admire. Thumbs up!

Wert Amaki, USA

HI .其实我昨天认识了一位来自俄罗斯的男生，来我所在的这个城市演出。他和我说了很多俄罗斯的景色，所以我就想过来看看俄罗斯，很高兴能了解这么多，能看到这么多美丽的景色，谢谢。

余 炆亭, China

Great. I hope you can take photo in sochi,crimea,kazan,vladivostok. thanks

Maju Jaya, Indonesia

Dear Maju Jaya, we have a lot of panoramas of Crimea: http://www.airpano.com/360Degree-VirtualTour.php?3D=Crimea and some panoramas of Kazan: http://www.airpano.com/360Degree-VirtualTour.php?3D=Kazan-Russia and Sochi: http://www.airpano.com/360Degree-VirtualTour.php?3D=Sochi-2014 Hope you enjoy watching them!

Varvara, AirPano

Moscow is Europe's largest metropolis Since when was Moscow in Europe?? First I have heard, I was led to believe it was London! Nonetheless Great Pictures.

gino bragoli, United Kingdom

Hi, I'm from Iran .shhrtvn Too Free Web Counter I want to live there, but I can not [email protected]

ebrahim gh, Iran

Magnificent .. Extraordinary work Guys...Gr8 Team work ...No words to express my feelings... Can't stop watching it again n again.... Wish you all d best :) Love from India Cheers!!!!! Girish

Girish Wankhede, India

★★★☆☆

pich lich, Iran

un singur comentariu pentru voi "kpacata"

teodor solomon, Romania

it is highly informative and wonderful job....i could make a journey to rusia without going there..thanks..

john kayathinkal, India

Espetacular! Amazing! çàõâàòûâàþùèé(Google tradutor)! O melhor site que entrei nos últimos 10 anos! Parabéns!

Bruno Dias, Brazil

i live you sait من سایت شما را خیلی دوست دارم ازطرف دوستانم در ابران شما را دوست دارم

hadi khoobani, Iran

Dank U - spectaculair !!!

Romain Van Mele, Belgium

Magnifique !!!! Pourriez-vous afficher la musique de fond. Merci

rené dupuy, France

âåëèêîëåïèå ïðîåêòà ,,ñóïåð Áîëüøîå ñïàñèáî, ðåáÿòà

mohamed eid al shabshiry, Egypt

O vosso trabalho é magnifico! Uma informação com alta qualidade, acessível a todos, sem paralelo em todo o mundo. Além de nos dar a conhecer os grandes centros Urbanos e outras variantes, tem a componente cultural que faz parte da Geografia Universal. Obrigado à Equipe AirPano.

carlos miguel, Portugal

ÍNCREIBLE DESCUBRIMIENTO DE SU PAGINA. ¡FELICIDADES! TIENEN UN AMIGO EN MÁLAGA ESPAÑA

J CARLOS A GORROCHATEGUI GONZALEZ, Spain

Muawanah Tajri, Indonesia

Moscow really is a spectacular, cultured city with charming, hospitable people who are justifiably very proud of their city. My husband and I had the great pleasure of visiting Russia and the Baltic States a couple of years ago. It was an unforgettable experience - we travelled throughout Petersburg, Moscow and around the gorgeous historical cities along The Golden Ring in a private car. Loved every minute of it! By the way, I absolutely LOVE the music you have chosen as a background to this beautiful panorama - it is a lovely piece (even though it has a rather Italian flavour to it).

Kathryn Byrne, Australia

bellisimas imagenes y muy completo el comentario, auq por supuesto tomare en cuenta al visitar rusia, un viaje postergado desde hace años, gracias nuevamente

mirta garrido, Argentina

Very nice an Thank you ! Good Year 2014 !

IOAN PASCU, Romania

ΠΟΛΥ ΩΡΑΙΟ ΚΑΙ ΠΡΩΤΟΤΥΠΟ. ΕΤΣΙ ΚΑΠΟΙΟΣ ΠΟΥ ΔΕΝ ΕΧΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΕΥΧΕΡΕΙΑ -ΕΙΔΙΚΑ ΑΥΤΑ ΤΑ ΧΡΟΝΙΑ- ΚΑΝΕΙ ΕΝΑ ΝΟΕΡΩ ΤΑΞΙΔΙ ΣΤΗΝ ΩΡΑΙΑ ΣΑΣ ΧΩΡΑ.ΑΥΤΑ ΓΙΑ ΦΘΕΙΝΟΠΩΡΟ & ΑΝΟΙΞΗ. ΓΙΑ ΚΑΛΟΚΑΙΡΙ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΜΟΝΟΝ Η ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΜΑΣ.

ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝ&#92 ΧΟΥΛΙΑΡΑΣ, Greece

I like very much the views about Moscou. When I went to Russian I visit only Sant Perhof. It is very, very beautiful. Thanks very much.

vinie maria, Brazil

un reportage eccezionale bellissibe foto, bello conoscere il mondo e vedere cose e luoghi che forse non si avrà mai occasione di vedere di persona..

Giovanni John Epifano, Italy

I enjoy them all thankyou

Audrey Alesio, USA

YOU ARE SO FABULOUS!, SON FABULOSOS, FELIZ NAVIDAD Y AÑOS FUTUROS DE EXITOS Y SATISFACCIONES. THANKS FOR THESE VIDEOS.

German Porras, USA

Very Good! Awesome! Waiting for Next.

Ali Asgar N B, United Arab Emirates

dhanakoti rao, India

Impresionante belleza de ciudad,estuve el pasado mes de Mayo en un Congreso Internacional de Notarios Publicos, en San Petersburgo y desde luego visite Mosc?, gracias por publicar estas vistas a?reas en verdad extraordinarias!

Marco Hernández, Mexico

Unique example of how to look great tour of the beautiful city, thank you for your nice presentation

Karel Hofmann, Czech Republic

Simply AWESOME !!!! A most marvelous set of views of a marvelous and historic city !!!

Bob DeMan, USA

Alweer een fantastische fotoreportage!

Joris Kesteloot, Belgium

Hi guys, you are excellent team and you make an extraordinary job. CONGRATULATIONS!

Emilian Savescu, Romania

straordinario|||||

GIOVANNI PELLACCHIA, Italy

thank you for the great information

salah Kharboutli, Syrian Arab Republic

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The sprawling, mind-boggling metropolis of Russian Moscow has long been one of the theatrical stages on which the great dramas of Europe and Asia have been played out in grand style. Burned by Napoleon in 1812, immortalised by Tolstoy, utilised by the Bolsheviks and championed as a bastion of heroic defiance by the post-war communists, it’s almost hard to believe just how defining the historical events that found their home on Moscow’s streets have been. Moscow tour guides will easily be able to mark the major must-see landmarks on the map, from the onion-domed orthodox Saint Basil's Cathedral, to the political powerhouse of Red Square just next door, while others will be quick to recommend a ride on Moscow’s famous subterranean metro system, or a visit to the UNESCO-attested Novodevichy Convent on the city’s southern side. But Moscow is a city also in the throes of a cultural wrangling between the old and the new. Creative energies abound here: Boho bars and pumping super clubs now occupy the iconic mega structures of the old USSR; high-fashion outlets, trendy shopping malls and luxurious residential districts stand as testimony to a city that’s now the undisputed playground of the world’s super-rich, while sprawling modern art museums dominate the cultural offering of the downtown districts north of the Moskva River.  

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