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Students wearing 3D glasses take a virtual tour of ancient Egypt in Peter Der Manuelian’s “Pyramid Schemes” class.
Photos by Stephanie Mitchell/Harvard Staff Photographer
Alvin Powell
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Digital Giza Project lets scholars virtually visit sites in Egypt and beyond, and even print them in 3D
Four thousand years ago, a member of Egypt’s elite was buried on the Giza Plateau in an elaborate stone tomb, complete with several rooms and underground chambers.
Then, in 1912, a team from Harvard University and the Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) in Boston excavated the tomb, of a type called a mastaba , and brought back with them a limestone wall from its chapel.
The wall, housed at the MFA, is inscribed with images of the deceased, an official named Akh-meret-nesut, and his family in various poses — sitting, leaning on a staff, throwing a lasso.
Today, more than a century later, Harvard doctoral student Inês Torres wants to know as much as she can about Akh-meret-nesut: who he was, what he did, and why he was buried on the Giza Plateau in the shadow of the pyramids long after pharaohs’ burials there had ceased.
But Torres faces a problem familiar to many scholars studying ancient Egypt: getting access to what she’s studying. With part of the tomb in Boston and part in Egypt, she’d have to time travel to see it intact. Other scholars may face different hurdles, but the problem is the same: Documents and images are held in faraway archives, artifacts and other relics of ancient Egypt have been dispersed, stolen, or destroyed, and tombs and monuments have been dismantled, weather-worn, or locked away behind passages filled in when an excavation closes.
Hurdles can also be economic: The object of study may be intact, but the plane fare and expenses of living for weeks in the field or lodged in the cities — Cairo, London, Berlin, Paris, Boston — that are home to museums with large Egyptian collections hard to come by.
It was with scholars like these in mind that Digital Giza Project was born.
The project was created in 2000 by Peter Der Manuelian , who at the time was on the curatorial staff at the MFA. A scholar of ancient Egypt, Manuelian said his initial vision was to create a digital record of the work of Harvard’s legendary Egyptology Professor and MFA curator George Reisner and the Harvard-MFA Expedition he led. The expedition was one of the major academic archaeological efforts at Giza and other sites in Egypt during the early 1900s.
Reisner, who led the expedition for more than 40 years, dug at 23 sites, and Manuelian soon realized that just digitizing material relating to the vast finds on the Giza Plateau — which includes not only the pyramids and the Sphinx, but also associated temples, nearby cemeteries, and even a workers’ village — would be a career-long challenge. In 2010, he moved to Harvard to become the Philip J. King Professor of Egyptology and director of the Harvard Semitic Museum , and he brought the Giza Project with him.
The project staff’s ambition has since expanded to include not just Reisner’s work at Giza, but that of other archaeologists at the site as well, making it a comprehensive resource for Giza archaeology. It contains some 77,000 images, 21,000 of them Harvard University-MFA Expedition glass-plate negatives, and 10,000 of Manuelian’s own images. It has published manuscripts as well as unpublished expedition records, dig diaries, object record books, and sketches and drawings made by the archaeologists doing the digging. In January, during Harvard’s winter recess, Manuelian visited Egypt and collected another 5,000 digital images — including panoramic photos — of Giza and related objects in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
A key feature of the Giza Project is the fact that the material it holds is cross-referenced online, allowing a researcher to seamlessly move from a 3D image of an object to scholarly articles about it to diary pages by the archaeologist who discovered it.
“For people who focus on this particular period, this is the main resource for them to go to,” Manuelian said. “It’s thrown the doors wide open to this material that was previously only in the publications that Reisner lived long enough to finish.”
As the work has advanced, so has technology. Manuelian’s vision has expanded to include 3D re-creations of statues and artifacts that allow researchers to view them online, rotate them, and zoom in on specific features. Looking to the future, he said, 3D models’ source codes could be made available, which would allow distant scholars with access to 3D printers to create their own physical models.
“All of this allows us to ask new questions and to put the data together in ways not possible before and to make intelligent links,” Manuelian said. “If someone gets a grant and decides to go to the MFA and look through their records, good luck. There’s just so much, it’s overwhelming. If you go to Giza today, a tomb may have been reburied or vandalized, or is in not as good shape as it was in 1916. Objects might have gone to the basement of the Cairo museum, never to be seen again.
“With our attempt to put this all together digitally, with diaries and maps and plans and things, it allows you, first of all, convenient access to the data and then you can start to notice patterns.”
The Giza Projects’ 3D modeling extends beyond artifacts to locations. Manuelian’s team has already created video-game-like 3D versions of the entire Giza Plateau, with the Khafre pyramid, the Sphinx, and several temples and tombs posted so far and more to come. Those models can be accessed from the Digital Giza website and toured using controls on a laptop or desktop computer. Other re-creations, using high-resolution photographs of tombs’ interiors, let visitors walk through virtual burial chambers using stereo headsets. Visitors can move around inside the tombs and even walk up to a wall to examine a particular relief or other detail. About 20 tombs have been modeled in detail so far, with hundreds more to go.
“My hope is eventually to fly drones over the site, documenting everything from the air,” Manuelian said. “And complementing that with walks up and down the ‘streets’ [between rows of tombs] creating 360-degree panoramic visualizations, all linked to the more-traditional archaeological data that we have already assembled.”
For someone like Torres, studying a tomb that has one room in Boston and the rest in Egypt, a virtual model is the only way to see the intact structure, so she’s planning on creating one as part of her doctoral work.
“This tomb is divided between two countries,” she said. “3D modeling is the only way we can put it back together again.”
The overarching goal, Manuelian said, is to make scholarship in Egyptology more accessible than ever. And, while digital images may not fully replace the real thing, he said, foundational study can be conducted using the wide array of material presented by the project, allowing scholars to conserve scarce resources for when they’re essential.
The project’s 3D re-creations and data visualizations, together with the capabilities of the Harvard Visualization Center, also allow the Giza Project to give students a unique educational experience. Last fall, Manuelian gathered his students in a tomb in cyber space, using the center’s virtual reality headsets, and linked the class to students in Zhejiang University in China. Students’ avatars gathered at the virtual site — in this case, the Sphinx — with the technology, allowing Manuelian to act as a cyber tour guide.
“The project is all of these diverse approaches,” Manuelian said. “It’s a traditional database and website. It’s the intelligent linking of this photo to that tomb to this diary page. It’s the 3D modeling as we try to build more and more of the necropolis all the time. And it’s ultimately intended to enable the kind of remote teaching — what I call educational telepresence — where we can all be at Giza virtually and visiting the site and having a lecture inside a decorated tomb chapel no matter where you live.”
Torres said there is an irony to studying Giza: It is one of the world’s most famous archaeological sites, but in many ways it is still unknown. While the pyramids and Sphinx are world-famous, and have been for centuries, in their shadow new tombs are still being uncovered, while known tombs, workers’ houses, and other sites are yet to be fully explored and studied.
“Giza is such a well-known site, but in some sense, it’s understudied,” Torres said. “Because the pyramids are so amazing, the things all around them fade.”
With so much work to be done, the access to digitized documents and materials might inspire scholars curious about ancient Egypt but without access to the sites themselves or a major Egyptological library to take up the job.
“I think that’s the way to go forward, to make sure everyone has access,” Torres said. “Possibly there are geniuses who don’t have a great library and could do something wonderful with the information.”
Another graduate student, Hilo Sugita, plans to study the sarcophagi found at Giza. Using the Giza Project’s data, she can examine photographs of inscriptions, find their original locations within tombs, and even create 3D models.
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“We have photographs, journals, glass negatives, letters, artifacts, publications,” Sugita said. “I think the Digital Giza Project is amazing because we’re trying to collect all the data about Giza everywhere and make it available on the website. You don’t have to go to the MFA, you don’t have to travel to Berlin.”
Technology’s advance is not without challenges, however. The digitization of archaeology, Manuelian said, is something like “the Wild West,” with competing file formats and uncertainty about how the growing data troves will be translated into next-generation software.
In addition, standards for what goes into a 3D re-creation are loose. Should a digital model reflect the state of a tomb as it was found, for example, or is it OK to color in reliefs on the walls to match paint residue found there? How far should digital re-creations go in filling in missing details, some of which are backed by scholarship, but others of which are more speculative, driven by knowledge of common practice rather than evidence at that specific site?
Early in the spring term, Manuelian gave students in his Gen Ed “Pyramid Schemes” class, which provides an overview of ancient Egypt, a glimpse of Giza using Giza Project models. The students visited the Harvard Visualization Center’s home on the second floor of the Geological Museum building, which is equipped with a curved floor-to-ceiling screen occupying one full wall and a suite of 3D and virtual reality tools.
He gave them a tour of both the technology — which can depict sites in detail — and the archaeology, showing them three-dimensional re-creations viewed with 3D glasses and letting them walk through a tomb via a virtual-reality headset.
Manuelian also encouraged students to not only soak up the experience, but to think about the challenges inherent in such an approach, where it might further education and scholarship, and what its shortcomings might be. And, with so much work still to do, he also made a pitch.
“This is a project that is waiting for people like you,” he said.
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Home → Science → Archaeology
You can now visit the Great Pyramid in Egypt from the comfort of your home
A digitized tour lets you visit the thousands-year-old chambers from your living room.
The Great Pyramid of Giza (or the Pyramid of Kheops) in Egypt is one of the seven wonders of the world, and the only one still standing today, despite being erected over 4,500 years ago. The pyramid draws in some 14 million tourists every year, but for those who can’t visit it in person, I’ve got some good news: you can now visit it from the comfort of your home.
Mind-blowingly wonderful. Thanks to Harvard University, you can now virtually enter the Great Pyramid of Giza in 3D and 360º. pic.twitter.com/JlVhxqjicM — Michael Warburton (@MichaelWarbur17) November 12, 2022
Scientists at Harvard have been working on digitizing aspects of the pyramid for quite some time. You can explore various reconstruction videos of the pyramid , see 3D models of it , and go through a number of different resources on what the pyramid looked like and how it looks now, as well as several other nearby archaeological elements .
Many of these resources have been online for years, but the university is constantly adding new elements to it.
The Giza Project, a non-profit international initiative based at Harvard University, also assembles information about the archaeological activity at the Giza Pyramids and surrounding cemeteries and settlements. The project integrates diverse types of information and then uses digital archaeology to recreate the environment at the pyramid during its heyday.
The pyramid stands on a square base with a side of 230 m (754 feet). It was about 150 meters high (492 feet), and now it’s a bit smaller due to erosion.
But now, in addition to exploring the plateau and the outside of the pyramid, you can also step inside and see what a visit in the Pyramid of Kheops would look like by using this link .
You have multiple ways of exploring the pyramid. You can go through a guided, museum-like tour where the platform provides information about the area you’re in and its history, or simply move around at your own pace like in a computer game. You can go up and down stairs and platforms and explore the pyramid as you prefer. You can also alternate between the two.
Some of the corridors can be pretty long and you can get a little bit lost down them, so don’t hesitate to switch to the guided tour if that happens. It’s also a nice added bonus to get explanations for what you’re seeing around.
Ultimately, initiatives like this can make archaeology more accessible to the general public and can even help researchers and students get a better view of the objects they’re studying. It also makes for a fun afternoon of exploration.
If you want to get more into the pyramids and the surrounding areas, Harvard also has a course you can follow online for free (the certificate of completion is not free, though).
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Visit the Pyramids of Giza Without Even Leaving Your Couch
By ellen gutoskey | apr 15, 2021.
If going to the Giza Plateau in person is the ultimate way to experience the ancient Pyramids of Giza, Harvard University’s Digital Giza is at least the next best thing.
As Nerdist reports , Digital Giza is an offshoot of Harvard’s Giza Project , an international endeavor to catalog and consolidate archives and information about the Giza Plateau from all over the world. Researchers have used this data to create a digital platform with 3D models, virtual walking tours, and other free interactive resources to help people explore the region from afar.
You can, for example, amble around the largest of the three pyramids, commissioned by King Khufu around 2550 BCE and also known as the Great Pyramid . Not only is it the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, it’s also the only one that still exists (That said, historians aren’t sure that some of them ever existed at all—hard evidence of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and the Colossus of Rhodes, for example, has proven difficult to find.) The other two pyramids that tower over the rest of the plateau are the Pyramid of Khafre and the Pyramid of Menkaure, built by (and named for) Khufu’s son and grandson, respectively.
Digital Giza offers plenty of sites to explore beyond those three edifices. The Great Sphinx , thought to have been built during Khafre’s reign, is also a must-see. While it’s currently the same sandy color as the rest of the plateau, pigment residue suggests that it might’ve once been painted red, blue, yellow, and perhaps other vibrant hues. The platform also has virtual tours of several extravagant tombs, complete with details about the art and sculptures you see inside.
If you’re interested in an immersive (and educational) virtual vacation, you can explore Digital Giza here .
[h/t Nerdist ]
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Registered tour goers should arrive at the Visitor Center at least 15 minutes before your tour to check-in. Tours depart from the Smith Campus Center and end in Harvard Yard.
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Visit Harvard is a free mobile app by the Harvard Visitor Center that features a collection of self-guided tours centered around the Harvard University experience. The Visit Harvard mobile app can be downloaded by anyone with a smartphone, tablet, or desktop, to be enjoyed from wherever you might be visiting, whether it’s in-person at Harvard or from the comfort of your own home.
What tours are being offered in the mobile app? Currently on the app, visitors can take a mobile version of our popular in-person and virtual tour, the Historical Tour of Harvard.
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Can I take the mobile tour in-person or virtually? The mobile tour is designed to be accessed in-person on Harvard University’s campus, starting at the Harvard Visitor Center, located at the Smith Campus Center in Harvard Square (1350 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA). It can also be viewed from the comfort of your own home. Simply download Visit Harvard in the app store, select the Historical Tour of Harvard, and begin your journey!
Where can I download the Visit Harvard mobile app? You can download the Visit Harvard mobile app on the Apple App Store and Google Play . There is also a desktop version of the app you can access here .
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Take an 360° Interactive Tour Inside the Great Pyramid of Giza
in Architecture , History | July 31st, 2020 1 Comment
You can’t take it with you if you’ve got nothing to take with you.
Once upon a time, the now-empty Great Pyramid of Giza was sumptuously appointed inside and out, to ensure that Pharaoh Khufu, or Cheops as he was known to the Ancient Greeks, would be well received in the afterlife.
Bling was a serious thing.
Thousand of years further on, cinematic portrayals have us convinced that tomb raiders were greedy 19th- and 20th-century curators, eagerly filling their vitrines with stolen artifacts.
There’s some truth to that, but modern Egyptologists are fairly convinced that Khufu’s pyramid was looted shortly after his reign, by opportunists looking to grab some goodies for their journey to the afterlife.
At any rate, it’s been picked clean.
Perhaps one day, we 21st-century citizens can opt in to a pyramid experience akin to Rome Reborn , a digital crutch for our feeble imagination to help us past the empty sarcophagus and bare walls that have defined the world’s oldest tourist attraction’s interiors for … well, not quite ever, but certainly for Flaubert , Mark Twain , and 12th-century scholar Abd al-Latif .
Fast forwarding to 2017, the BBC’s Rajan Datar hosted “ Secrets of the Great Pyramid ,” a podcast episode featuring Egyptologist Salima Ikram , space archaeologist Dr Sarah Parcak , and archaeologist, Dr Joyce Tyldesley .
The experts were keen to clear up a major misconception that the 4600-year-old pyramid was built by aliens or enslaved laborers, rather than a permanent staff of architects and engineers, aided by Egyptian civilians eager to barter their labor for meat, fish, beer, and tax abatement.
Datar’s question about a scanning project that would bring further insight into the Pyramid of Giza’s construction and layout was met with excitement.
This attraction, old as it is, has plenty of new secrets to be discovered.
We’re happy to share with you, readers, that 3 years after that episode was taped, the future is here.
The scanning is complete.
Witness the BBC’s 360° tour inside the Great Pyramid of Giza.
Use your mouse to crane your neck, if you like.
As of this writing, you could tour the pyramid in person , should you wish—the usual touristic hoards are definitely dialed down.
But, given the contagion, perhaps better to tour the King’s Chamber, the Queen’s Chamber, and the Grand Gallery virtually, above.
(An interesting tidbit: the pyramid was more distant to the ancient Romans than the Colosseum is to us.)
Listen to the BBC’s “Secrets of the Great Pyramid” episode here .
Tour the Great Pyramid of Giza here .
Related Content:
What the Great Pyramid of Giza Would’ve Looked Like When First Built: It Was Gleaming, Reflective White
How the Egyptian Pyramids Were Built: A New Theory in 3D Animation
The Met Digitally Restores the Colors of an Ancient Egyptian Temple, Using Projection Mapping Technology
Ayun Halliday is an author, illustrator, theater maker and Chief Primatologist of the East Village Inky zine. Follow her @AyunHalliday .
by Ayun Halliday | Permalink | Comments (1) |
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Comments (1), 1 comment so far.
Absolutely love this. I hope to see a video of the Great Pyramid as it was when it was completely whole.
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Khufu Pyramid
Khufu pyramid complex.
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Excavation Diary Pages 34
Maps & plans 9, published documents 26, unpublished documents 12, full bibliography.
Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid
- Tomb Owner Khufu
- Excavator (Karl) Richard Lepsius, German, 1810–1884 Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Italian, 1778 –1823 Giovanni Battista Caviglia, Italian, 1770–1845
- Lepsius No Lepsius IV L.IV
- Other No 1 of Giza (Perring and Vyse) Great Pyramid First Pyramid
- Alternate Reisner No G I
- PorterMoss Date Dynasty 4
- Remarks Khufu pyramid includes an enclosure wall.
Architectural fragment
Architectural fragment with cut marks
Fragments of Khufu Pyramid
Mortar from the Great Pyramid
- MMA_17.6.143
Piece of Mokattam limestone
H. Lyman Story Diary, p.063
- Diary page dates 02/25/1915
Vol.08.p.038
- Diary page dates 11/08/1914; 11/09/1914; 11/10/1914
Vol.08.p.040
- Diary page dates 11/11/1914
Vol.08.p.041
- Diary page dates 11/11/1914; 11/12/1914
Vol.08.p.042
- Diary page dates 11/12/1914; 11/13/1914
Vol.08.p.043
- Diary page dates 11/13/1914; 11/14/1914
Vol.08.p.044
- Diary page dates 11/14/1914; 11/15/1914
Vol.08.p.045
- Diary page dates 11/15/1914; 11/16/1914; 11/17/1914
Vol.08.p.046
- Diary page dates 11/17/1914
Vol.09.p.013
- Diary page dates 01/24/1915 through 05/29/1915
Vol.09.p.041
- Diary page dates 11/23/1915; 11/24/1915
Vol.10.p.005
- Diary page dates 12/16/1915; 12/17/1915; 12/18/1915
Vol.11.p.020
- Diary page dates 11/13/1924; 11/14/1924
Vol.12.p.135
- Diary page dates 01/05/1925
Vol.13.p.219
- Diary page dates 02/04/1925; 02/05/1925
Vol.13.p.220
- Diary page dates 02/05/1925
Vol.13.p.236
- Diary page dates 02/12/1925
Vol.13.p.244
- Diary page dates 02/16/1925; 02/17/1925; 02/18/1925
Vol.13.p.252
- Diary page dates 02/21/1925; 02/22/1925
Vol.13.p.258
- Diary page dates 02/23/1925; 02/24/1925
Vol.13.p.262
- Diary page dates 02/26/1925; 02/27/1925
Vol.13.p.279
- Diary page dates 03/07/1925
Vol.13.p.290
- Diary page dates 03/18/1925; 03/29/1925; 03/20/1925; 03/21/1925
Vol.13.p.307
- Diary page dates 04/07/1925
Vol.13.p.308
Vol.13.p.309
Vol.13.p.311
- Diary page dates 04/07/1925 through 06/07/1925
Vol.13.p.Illustration
- Diary page dates 1925
Vol.15.p.130
- Diary page dates 01/08/1926
Vol.25.p.1181
- Diary page dates 05/05/1932 through 05/14/1932
Vol.27.p.163
- Diary page dates 11/13/1935; 11/14/1935
Vol.30.p.443
- Diary page dates 02/12/1937 through 02/25/1937
Vol.31.p.612
- Diary page dates 02/06/1938
Vol.32.p.625
- Diary page dates 02/24/1938; 02/25/1938
Enclosure Wall: rounded top
General plan of Giza
General plan of the Giza Plateau
Khufu Pyramid, Plan and section of king’s chamber
Khufu Pyramid, Sections
Partial plan of Khufu Pyramid and G 2385
Plan of Eastern Cemetery: W section, area E of Khufu Pyramid
Plan of G 7000 X, with positions of Khufu Pyramid, G I-a, G I-b, G I-c, G I-x, G 7110-7120, G 7130-7140
Plan of Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid Temple, G I-a, G I-b, G I-c, G 7000 X, G 7110-7120, G 7130-7140
View from Khafre Pyramid, looking NE (color plate)
- ID HUMFA_EG025506
View of Khufu Causeway and Eastern Cemetery, looking W
- ID HUMFA_EG025540
View of the Giza Pyramids, from the south
- ID HUMFA_EG025474
Badawy, Alexander M. "The Periodic System of Building a Pyramid." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 63 (1977), pp. 52-58.
Bauval, Robert G. "Cheops's Pyramid: A New Dating Using the Latest Astronomical Data." Discussions in Egyptology 26 (1993), pp. 5-6.
Bauval, Robert G. "The Horizon of Khufu." Discussions in Egyptology 30 (1994), pp. 17-20.
Bauval, Robert G. "The Logistics of the Shafts in Cheops' Pyramid." Discussions in Egyptology 31 (1995), pp. 5-13.
Bauval, Robert G. "The Star-Shafts of Cheops's Pyramid." Discussions in Egyptology 29 (1994), pp. 23-28.
Bauval, Robert G. "The Upuaut Project: New Findings in the Southern Shaft of the Queen's Chamber in Cheops Pyramid." Discussions in Egyptology 27 (1993), pp. 5-7.
Bauval, Robert G. & A.G. Gilbert. "The Adze of Upuaut." Discussions in Egyptology 28 (1994), pp. 5-13.
Cook, R.J. "A Note on the Geometry of the Star-shafts in the Pyramid of Khufu." Discussions in Egyptology 36 (1996), pp. 21-23.
Cook, R.J. "The Elaboration of the Giza Site-Plan." Discussions in Egyptology 31 (1995), pp. 35-45.
Cook, R.J. "The Stellar Geometry of the Great Pyramid." Discussions in Egyptology 29 (1994), pp. 29-36.
Cwiek, Andrzej. Relief Decoration in the Royal Funerary Complexes of the Old Kingdom: Studies in the Development, Scene Content and Iconography . Warsaw: Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Warsaw University, 2003.
Dorner, Josef. "Das Basisviereck der Cheopspyramide." In Peter Jánosi, ed. Structure and Significance: Thoughts on Ancient Egyptian Architecture , Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2005, pp. 275-281.
Edwards, I.E.S. "The Air-Channels of Chephren's Pyramid." In William Kelly Simpson and Whitney M. Davis, eds. Studies in Ancient Egypt, the Aegean, and the Sudan: Essays in Honor of Dows Dunham on the Occasion of his 90th Birthday, June 1, 1980. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1981, pp. 55-57.
Haase, Michael. "Brennpunkt Giza. Die Schachtsysteme der Cheops-Pyramide." Sokar 5 (2. Halbjahr 2002), pp. 3-13.
Haase, Michael. "Der Serviceschacht der Cheops-Pyramide. Bemerkungen zur Konstruktion des Verbindungsschachtes zwischen Großer Galerie und absteigendem Korridor." Sokar 9 (2. Halbjahr 2004), pp. 12-17.
Hawass, Zahi. "Khufu's National Project: The Great Pyramid of Giza in the Year 2528 B.C." In Peter Jánosi, ed. Structure and Significance: Thoughts on Ancient Egyptian Architecture , Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2005, pp. 305-334.
Hawass, Zahi. "The Discovery of the Pyramidion of the Satellite Pyramid of Khufu [GID], with an Appendix by Josef Dorner" In Charles C. Van Siclen III, ed. Iubilate Conlegae. Studies in Memory of Abdel Aziz Sadek , Part 1 . Varia Aegyptiaca 10, Nos. 2-3 (August-December 1995). San Antonio: Van Siclen Books, 1997, pp. 105-124.
Hellestam, Sigvard. "The Pyramid of Cheops as Calendar." Discussions in Egyptology 28 (1994), pp. 21-27.
Lehner, Mark. "Giza. A Contextual Approach to the Pyramids." Archiv für Orientforschung 32 (1985), pp. 136-158.
Lehner, Mark. "The Development of the Giza Necropolis. The Khufu Project." Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 41 (1985), pp. 109-143.
Love, Serena. "Stones, Ancestors, and Pyramids: Investigating the Pre-pyramid Landscape of Memphis." In Miroslav Bárta, ed. The Old Kingdom Art and Archaeology . Proceedings of the Conference held in Prague, May 31-June 4, 2004. Prague: Czech Institute of Egyptology, 2006, pp. 209-218.
Münch, Hans-Hubertus, "Categorizing Archaeological Finds: the Funerary Material of Queen Hetepheres I at Giza." Antiquity 74, No 286 (2000), pp. 898-908.
Petrie, W. M. Flinders. The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh. London: Histories & Mysteries of Man Ltd., 1990 (1st ed. London: Field and Tuer, 1883).
Porter, Bertha, and Rosalind L.B. Moss. Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings 3: Memphis (Abû Rawâsh to Dahshûr). Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1931. 2nd edition. 3: M emphis, Part 1 (Abû Rawâsh to Abûsîr), revised and augmented by Jaromír Málek. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1974.
Verner, Miroslav. "Archaeological Remarks on the 4th and 5th Dynasty Chronology." Archiv Orientální 69, No. 3 (August 2002), pp. 363-418.
- Date: August 2001
Wainwright, G.A. "Review of 'Einige zur dritten Bauperiode der grossen Pyramide bei Gise'." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 23 (1937), pp. 127-129.
A History of the Giza Necropolis II, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Appendix B: East Cemetery (Cem. 7000), Page ApxB 115
- ID: HUMFA_GN2_K11_ApxB1_p115
A History of the Giza Necropolis II, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Appendix B: East Cemetery (Cem. 7000), Page ApxB 115 (alternate version)
- ID: HUMFA_GN2_K13_ApxB2_p115
A History of the Giza Necropolis II, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 10: Burials and Burial Equipment, Page 169
- ID: HUMFA_GN2_K03_ChapX_p169
A History of the Giza Necropolis II, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 10: Burials and Burial Equipment, Page 169 (alternate version)
- ID: HUMFA_GN2_K03_ChapX2_p169
A History of the Giza Necropolis II, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 10: Burials and Burial Equipment, Page 170
- ID: HUMFA_GN2_K03_ChapX_p170
A History of the Giza Necropolis II, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 10: Burials and Burial Equipment, Page 170 (alternate version)
- ID: HUMFA_GN2_K03_ChapX2_p170
A History of the Giza Necropolis III, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 15: Chronological Order of Finished Mastabas in the Giza Necropolis, page 060
- ID: HUMFA_GN3_K14_p060
A History of the Giza Necropolis III, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 16: The Royal Family of Dynasty Four, page 115
- ID: HUMFA_GN3_L01_p115
A History of the Giza Necropolis III, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 16: The Royal Family of Dynasty Four, page 127
- ID: HUMFA_GN3_L01_p127
A History of the Giza Necropolis III, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 16: The Royal Family of Dynasty Four, page 135
- ID: HUMFA_GN3_L01_p135
A History of the Giza Necropolis III, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 16: The Royal Family of Dynasty Four, page 136
- ID: HUMFA_GN3_L01_p136
The Minor Cemetery at Giza, Unpublished Manuscript, Chapter I: The Minor Cemetery, p.001
- ID: UPM_GMC_chapterI_001
Badawy, Alexander M. "The Periodic System of Building a Pyramid." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 63 (1977), pp. 52-54, 58.
Bauval, Robert G. "The Horizon of Khufu." Discussions in Egyptology 30 (1994), pp. 17-20.
Bauval, Robert G. "The Star-Shafts of Cheops's Pyramid." Discussions in Egyptology 29 (1994), pp. 23-28.
Bauval, Robert G. & A.G. Gilbert. "The Adze of Upuaut." Discussions in Egyptology 28 (1994), pp. 5-9, 11-12, figs. 1-3.
Bauval, Robert G. "Cheops's Pyramid: A New Dating Using the Latest Astronomical Data." Discussions in Egyptology 26 (1993), pp. 5-6.
Becker, Jürgen. "Die Chephren-Pyramide. Planänderung des Baukörpers und ihre Auswirkung auf das Kammersystem." Sokar 8 (1. Halbjahr 2004), pp. 7-11, 14-17, notes 10, 19, 51.
Bothmer, Bernard V. Egypt 1950: My First Visit. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2003, p. 148.
Cook, R.J. "The Stellar Geometry of the Great Pyramid." Discussions in Egyptology 29 (1994), pp. 29-36.
Cwiek, Andrzej. Relief Decoration in the Royal Funerary Complexes of the Old Kingdom: Studies in the Development, Scene Content and Iconography. Warsaw: Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Warsaw University, 2003, pp. 93-95, 98.
Dorner, Josef. "Das Basisviereck der Cheopspyramide." In Peter Janosi, ed. Structure and Significance: Thoughts on Ancient Egyptian Architecture, Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2005, pp. 275-281.
Edwards, I.E.S. "The Air-Channels of Chephren's Pyramid." In William Kelly Simpson and Whitney M. Davis, eds. Studies in Ancient Egypt, the Aegean, and the Sudan: Essays in Honor of Dows Dunham on the Occasion of his 90th Birthday, June 1, 1980. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1981, pp. 55-57.
Flentye, Laurel. "The Mastabas of Ankh-haf (G 7510) and Akhethetep and Meretites (G 7650) in the Eastern Cemetery at Giza: A Reassessment." In Zahi Hawass and Janet Richards, eds. The Archaeology and Art of Ancient Egypt. Essays in Honor of David B. O'Connor, Vol. I. Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte, Cahier no. 36. Cairo: Supreme Council of Antiquities, 2007, pp. 293, 300, 302, 303.
Flentye, Laurel. "The Development of Art in the Fourth Dynasty: The Eastern and GIS Cemeteries at Giza." In Mamdouh Eldmaty and Mai Trad, eds. Egyptian Museum Collections Around the World: Studies for the Centennial of the Egyptian Museum, Cairo. Cairo: Supreme Council of Antiquities, 2002, pp. 385-386.
Haase, Michael. "Das 'Giza Archiv-Projekt.' Interview mit Peter Der Manuelian." Sokar 10 (2005), p. 10.
Haase, Michael. "Der Serviceschacht der Cheops-Pyramide. Bemerkungen zur Konstruktion des Verbindungsschachtes zwischen Großer Galerie und absteigendem Korridor." Sokar 9 (2. Halbjahr 2004), pp. 12-17.
Haase, Michael. "Brennpunkt Giza. Die Schachtsysteme der Cheops-Pyramide." Sokar 5 (2. Halbjahr 2002), pp. 3-13.
Hanna, Hany. "Cheops Wooden Boat and its Museum; Condition Case Study." In Hany Hanna, ed. ICOM-CC-Wood, Furniture and Lacquer. International Conference on Heritage of Naqada and Qus Region. Monastery of the Archangel Michael, Naqada, Egypt. 22-28 January 2007. Preprints 1. Egypt: International Council of Museums & Diocese of Naqada and Qus, 2007, pp. 183-186.
Hawass, Zahi. "Excavating the Old Kingdom. The Egyptian Archaeologists." In Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999, pp. 155, 157, 159.
Hawass, Zahi. "Pyramid Construction. New Evidence Discovered at Giza." In Heike Guksch and Daniel Polz, eds. Stationen. Beiträge zur Kulturgeschichte Ägyptens Rainer Stadelmann gewidmet, Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 1998, pp. 53–59, figs. 5, 6.
Hawass, Zahi. "The Discovery of the Harbors of Khufu and Khafre at Gîza." In Catherine Berger and Bernard Mathieu, eds. Études sur l'Ancien Empire et la nécropole de Saqqâra dédiées à Jean-Philippe Lauer. Orientalia Monspeliensia IX. Montpellier: Université Paul Valéry, 1997, pp. 250-251, figs. 1, 2.
Hawass, Zahi. "Zahi Hawass talks to KMT about matters on the Giza Plateau (Interview)." KMT 8, no. 2 (Summer 1997), pp. 19-21, 24.
Hawass, Zahi. "The Great Sphinx at Giza: Date and Function." In Gian Maria Zaccone and Tomaso Ricardi di Netro (eds.) Sesto Congresso Internazionale di Egittologia. Atti, Volume II. Turin, 1993, pp. 178, 181, 183, 185-188.
Hawass, Zahi. "A Burial with an Unusual Plaster Mask in the Western Cemetery of Khufu's Pyramid." In Renée Friedman and Barbara Adams, eds. The Followers of Horus. Studies dedicated to Michael Allen Hoffman 1944-1990. Egyptian Studies Association Publication No. 2. Oxbow Monograph 20. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 1992, pp. 327-328.
Hawass, Zahi. "The Khufu Statuette: Is it an Old Kingdom Sculpture?" In Paule Posener-Kriéger, ed. Mélanges Gamal Eddin Mokhtar, vol. I. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1985, pp. 383, 388-391.
Heick-Hansen, Bent. "The Sphinx temple." In Gian Maria Zaccone and Tomaso Ricardi di Netro (eds.) Sesto Congresso Internazionale di Egittologia. Atti, Volume I. Turin, 1993, pp. 243-245, figs. 9, 10.
Hellestam, Sigvard. "The Pyramid of Cheops as Calendar." Discussions in Egyptology 28 (1994), pp. 21, 23-25.
Hery, François-Xavier. "L'"inachevé" à la salle souterraine de la pyramide de Kheops." Sesto Congresso Internazionale di Egittologia. Atti, Volume I. Turin, 1993, pp. 259, 261-263, figs. 1-3.
Jánosi, Peter. "Bemerkungen zur Entstehung, Lage und Datierung der Nekropolenfelder von Giza unter Cheops." Sokar 4 (1. Halbjahr 2002), pp. 4-9.
Lehner, Mark. "Giza. A Contextual Approach to the Pyramids." Archiv für Orientforschung 32 (1985), pp. 141-143, 145, 147-153, 155-156, 158, figs. 6a-b, 7.
Lehner, Mark. "The Development of the Giza Necropolis. The Khufu Project." Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 41 (1985), pp. 109-143.
Manuelian, Peter Der. "Excavating the Old Kingdom. The Giza Necropolis and Other Mastaba Fields." In Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999, pp. 138-140, 142, 144, 146-148, 150, 152, note 5, figs. 79, 80, 87, 88, 90, unnumbered fig.
Münch, Hans-Hubertus, "Categorizing Archaeological Finds: the Funerary Material of Queen Hetepheres I at Giza." Antiquity 74, No 286 (2000), pp. 898-899, 906.
el-Naggar, Salah. "Les couvrements de granit dans les pyramides de Giza." In Peter Janosi, ed. Structure and Significance: Thoughts on Ancient Egyptian Architecture, Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2005, pp. 429-432, 434, fig. 1.
Porter, Bertha, and Rosalind L.B. Moss. Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings 3: Memphis (Abû Rawâsh to Dahshûr). Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1931. 2nd edition. 3: Memphis, Part 1 (Abû Rawâsh to Abûsîr), revised and augmented by Jaromír Málek. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1974, pp. 11-16.
Quibell, A.A. The Pyramids of Giza. Cairo: C.M.S. Bookshop, undated, pp. 8, 10, 12, 15-18, 24, unnumbered figs.
Rowe, Alan. "Studies in the Archaeology of the Near East II: Some Facts Concerning the Gread Pyramids of el-Gîza and Their Royal Constructors." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 44, No. 1 (September 1961), pp. 103, 105, 107, 109-110, 114-115.
Sakovich, Anthony P. "Explaining the Shafts in Khufu's Pyramid at Giza." Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 42 (2005-6), pp. 1-12, figs. 2-4.
Scharff, Alexander. "On the Statuary of the Old Kingdom." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 26 (1941), p. 43.
Thomas, Elizabeth. "Air Channels in the Great Pyramid." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 39 (1953), p. 113.
Wainwright, G.A. "Review of 'Einige zur dritten Bauperiode der grossen Pyramide bei Gise'." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 23 (1937), pp. 127-129.
View all 478 Photos
3D Models 1
Khufu Pyramid (primary model)
Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Causeway
Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid Complex
Khufu Pyramid Complex and Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c
Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c
General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Western Cemetery
General View: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid
Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid
General View: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum
Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2000, Khufu Pyramid
Ancient People
- Type Tomb Owner
- Remarks Second king of Dynasty 4, son of Snefru. Builder of the Great Pyramid at Giza, the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still standing. Known two thousand years later by the Greeks as King Cheops. Horus name: [mDdw] Medjedu. Full birth-name: Khnum-Khufu.
Modern People
(Karl) Richard Lepsius
- Type Excavator
- Nationality & Dates German, 1810–1884
- Remarks Egyptologist. Nationality and life dates from Who was Who in Egyptology.
Giovanni Battista Belzoni
- Nationality & Dates Italian, 1778 –1823
- Remarks Belzoni was a circus strongman, Italian adventurer, and self-taught archaeologist.
Giovanni Battista Caviglia
- Nationality & Dates Italian, 1770–1845
- Remarks Caviglia was an early explorer of the Great Pyramid and the Sphinx.
ID: HUMFA_EG010037
Subjects: Maps and plans: General plan of Giza
ID: HUMFA_A12_NS
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid
Description: General view, including Khufu pyramid, Pyramids Road (Sharia el-Haram), and inundation, looking E from E of Harvard Camp house
ID: HUMFA_A24_NS
Subjects: Menkaure Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Menkaure pyramid temple
Description: Menkaure pyramid temple and cemetery, looking NNE to Khafre and Khufu pyramids from point 7
ID: HUMFA_A25A_NS
Subjects: Menkaure Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Menkaure Pyramid, Menkaure pyramid temple
ID: HUMFA_A26_NS
Description: Menkaure pyramid temple and cemetery, looking NNE to Khafre and Khufu pyramids from point 8
ID: HUMFA_A10932P_OS
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid
Description: Khufu pyramid and Pyramids Road (Sharia el-Haram), looking NE from E of Harvard Camp house
ID: HUMFA_A2296P_NS
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Menkaure Pyramid
Description: Three pyramids (Khufu, Khafre, Menkaure) seen from desert about one mile to SW
ID: HUMFA_A7858BP_NS
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: G III-a, G III-b, G III-c, Menkaure pyramid, Khafre pyramid, Khufu pyramid
Description: General view of pyramids, subsidiary pyramids (G III-a, G III-b, G III-c) S of Menkaure pyramid, Menkaure pyramid (foreground), Khafre and Khufu pyramids (background), looking NNE from S of Menkaure pyramid (rephotograph of A448/5883)
ID: HUMFA_C13155-01_OS
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking SE
ID: HUMFA_C13142-01_OS
Subjects: Menkaure Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: G III-a, G III-b, G III-c, Menkaure pyramid, Khafre pyramid, Khufu pyramid
Description: General view, subsidiary pyramids (G III-a, G III-b, G III-c) S of Menkaure pyramid, Menkaure pyramid (foreground), Khafre and Khufu pyramids (background), looking NNE from S of Menkaure pyramid (rephotograph of A448/5883)
ID: HUMFA_D1161-01_NS
Description: Men at work at base of S face of Khufu pyramid
ID: HUMFA_A2186P_NS
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Giza, Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid
Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking SSE from gravel hill N of wadi
ID: HUMFA_A2297P_NS
Description: General view of pyramids, Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure pyramids, looking NE from desert about one mile to SW
ID: HUMFA_A25B_NS
Description: Menkaure pyramid temple and cemetery, looking NNE to Khafre and Khufu pyramids (slightly different vantage point than A25A)
ID: HUMFA_A7858B_NS
ID: HUMFA_B13064-01_OS
Description: Harvard Camp buildings(?), looking E to Khufu pyramid and Pyramids Road (Sharia el-Haram)
ID: HUMFA_C10076_OS
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking E from G 2000 (= Lepsius 23)
ID: HUMFA_C10077_OS
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Giza, Khafre pyramid, Khufu pyramid
Description: Khafre and Khufu pyramids, looking N
ID: HUMFA_C10079_OS
Description: Cemetery W of Khufu pyramid, looking E
ID: HUMFA_A11638_OS
Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking E to inundation
ID: HUMFA_A11641_OS
Description: View between Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking E to inundation
ID: HUMFA_A10931_OS
Description: Khufu pyramid etc, looking E from E of Harvard Camp house
ID: HUMFA_A10932_OS
ID: HUMFA_B8575_NS
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2342 = G 5520, Khufu pyramid
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking SE (area around G 2342 (= G 5520 = Lepsius 28, foreground)
ID: HUMFA_C13186_NS
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid
Description: Graf Zeppelin over Khufu pyramid (photograph by Noel F. Wheeler)
ID: HUMFA_B6586_NS
Subjects: Sphinx Complex: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx, Khufu pyramid
Description: Sphinx, looking NW to Khufu pyramid
ID: HUMFA_A442_NS
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking NE from Khafre pyramid. [Image also known as: A5877_NS]
ID: HUMFA_A443_NS
Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking SW from cultivation. [Image also known as: A5878_NS]
ID: HUMFA_A444_NS
Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking SW from cultivation. [Image also known as: A5927_NS]
ID: HUMFA_A445_NS
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: G III-a, G III-b, G III-c, Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid, Menkaure pyramid
Description: General view of pyramids, subsidiary pyramids (G III-a, G III-b, G III-c) S of Menkaure pyramid, Menkaure pyramid (foreground), Khafre and Khufu pyramids (background), looking NNE from S of Menkaure pyramid. [Image also known as: A5879_NS]
ID: HUMFA_A446_NS
Description: General view of pyramids, subsidiary pyramids (G III-a, G III-b, G III-c) S of Menkaure pyramid, Menkaure pyramid (foreground), Khafre and Khufu pyramids (background), looking NNE from S of Menkaure pyramid. [Image also known as: A5880_NS]
ID: HUMFA_A447_NS
Description: Khafre and Khufu pyramids, looking N (Menkaure causeway) from S. [Image also known as: A5881_NS]
ID: HUMFA_A448_NS
Description: General view of pyramids, subsidiary pyramids (G III-a, G III-b, G III-c) S of Menkaure pyramid, Menkaure pyramid (foreground), Khafre and Khufu pyramids (background), looking NNE from S of Menkaure pyramid (rephotographed as A7858 and C13142.01). [Image also known as: A5883_NS]
ID: HUMFA_A450_NS
Description: Khufu pyramid and ancient dump on N before our excavation, looking SE from across wadi to NW. [Image also known as: A5882_NS]
ID: HUMFA_A2186_NS
ID: HUMFA_A2296_NS
Subjects: Menkaure Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Menkaure Pyramid
ID: HUMFA_A2297_NS
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Giza, Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid, Menkaure pyramid
ID: HUMFA_A5877_NS
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking NE from Khafre pyramid. [Image also known as: A442_NS]
ID: HUMFA_A5878_NS
Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking SW from cultivation. [Image also known as: A443_NS]
ID: HUMFA_A5879_NS
Description: General view of pyramids, subsidiary pyramids (G III-a, G III-b, G III-c) S of Menkaure pyramid, Menkaure pyramid (foreground), Khafre and Khufu pyramids (background), looking NNE from S of Menkaure pyramid. [Image also known as: A445_NS]
ID: HUMFA_A5880_NS
Description: General view of pyramids, subsidiary pyramids (G III-a, G III-b, G III-c) S of Menkaure pyramid, Menkaure pyramid (foreground), Khafre and Khufu pyramids (background), looking NNE from S of Menkaure pyramid. [Image also known as: A446_NS]
ID: HUMFA_A5881_NS
Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking N (Menkaure causeway) from S. [Image also known as: A447_NS]
ID: HUMFA_A5882_NS
Description: Khufu pyramid and ancient dump on N before our excavation, looking SE from across wadi to NW. [Image also known as: A450_NS]
ID: HUMFA_A5883_NS
Description: General view of pyramids, subsidiary pyramids (G III-a, G III-b, G III-c) S of Menkaure pyramid, Menkaure pyramid (foreground), Khafre and Khufu pyramids (background), looking NNE from S of Menkaure pyramid (rephotographed as A7858 and C13142.01). [Image also known as: A448_NS]
ID: HUMFA_A5927_NS
Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking SW from cultivation. [Image also known as: A444_NS]
ID: HUMFA_A6978_NS
Description: General view, looking NE to Khufu pyramid and beyond from three-quarters up NE corner Khafre pyramid
ID: HUMFA_B251_NS
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Giza, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Inundation, looking ENE past Khufu pyramid to Pyramids Road (Sharia el-Haram)
ID: HUMFA_B252_NS
Description: Inundation, looking E past S side of Khufu pyramid
ID: HUMFA_B654_NS
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking NE from Khafre pyramid. [Image also known as: B7198_NS]
ID: HUMFA_B675_NS
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking SW from cultivation to NE. [Image also known as: B7194_NS]
ID: HUMFA_B678_NS
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking SE from across wadi at NW. [Image also known as: B7209_NS]
ID: HUMFA_B681_NS
Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking NE from desert to SW. [Image also known as: B7190_NS]
ID: HUMFA_B682_NS
Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking SW from cultivation. [Image also known as: B7191_NS]
ID: HUMFA_B683_NS
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking SSW from cultivation. [Image also known as: B7192_NS]
ID: HUMFA_B692_NS
Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking SW from cultivation. [Image also known as: B7193_NS]
ID: HUMFA_B761_NS
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Menkaure pyramid, Khafre pyramid, Khufu pyramid
Description: General view of pyramids, subsidiary pyramids S of Menkaure, Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu pyramids, looking NNE. [Image also known as: B7200_NS]
ID: HUMFA_B1477_NS
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khafre pyramid, Khufu pyramid, Menkaure pyramid
Description: General view of pyramids, Khafre (center), Khufu (left), and Menkaure (right), looking NW. [Image also known as: B7760_NS]
ID: HUMFA_C6953_NS
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Giza, G 4800, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Space S of G 4800, N side of great wall, looking E to Khufu pyramid
ID: HUMFA_C6475_NS
Description: Trench along E face of pyramid enclosure wall, looking N from SW corner
ID: PDM_1993.063.21
Description: Khufu pyramid emerging from morning fog, looking SE from G 2150 (10:00 am)
ID: PDM_1993.069.08
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu causeway
Description: Khufu causeway, looking W to Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_1993.071.23
Subjects: People & places: Site: Giza; View: Farouk rest-house, Khufu pyramid
Description: Khufu Pyramid from Farouk rest-house courtyard (serving as cafeteria and police station) at NE corner of Khufu pyramid, looking SW
ID: PDM_1993.077.24
Description: Khufu pyramid and western cemetery, looking SE
ID: PDM_1993.074.01
Subjects: People & places: Site: Giza
Description: Pink truck convoy, looking E from western cemetery (NW corner of Khufu pyramid, background right)
ID: PDM_1993.074.02
Description: Pink truck convoy, looking E from western cemetery (Khufu pyramid, background)
ID: PDM_1993.074.24
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2100, G 2100-I, Khufu pyramid
Description: Cemetery G 2100: G 2100 and G 2100-I, W faces, looking E toward Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_1993.079.01
Subjects: People & places: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid
Description: Top of Khufu pyramid: Peter Der Manuelian at SW corner, looking SW toward Khafre pyramid
ID: PDM_1993.091.12
Subjects: People & places: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid
Description: Inspector Mohammed Sadek with Khufu pyramid in background
ID: PDM_1993.088.22
Description: Khufu pyramid, W face, looking E from top of G 2100-I
ID: PDM_1993.088.23
ID: PDM_1993.100.01
Subjects: General view/misc.: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid
Description: Peter Janosi and Khufu Pyramid, from top of G 2000, looking SE
ID: PDM_1993.100.02
Subjects: People & places: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid
Description: PR shot: Peter Der Manuelian and Khufu Pyramid, looking SE from top of G 2000
ID: PDM_1993.102.23
Description: Khufu Pyramid, Egyptian visitors at entrance on Friday, looking E
ID: PDM_1993.117.34
Description: Khufu pyramid, N side, Friday crowds, looking E
ID: PDM_1993.122.06
Description: View of Khufu pyramid, S side, looking N from inside inspectorate/rest-house SE of Khafre pyramid
ID: PDM_1993.123.09
Description: General view of pyramids, Khufu pyramid, looking N from S of Giza
ID: PDM_1993.123.10
Description: General view of Khufu pyramid, looking N from S of Giza
ID: PDM_1993.123.24
Description: General view of Khufu pyramid, looking W from Nazlet el-Samman, balcony of Ahmed el-Ghabry (evening)
ID: PDM_1993.051.25
Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Sphinx
Description: Central Field (Hassan) cemetery, general view, looking NW to Sphinx and Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_1993.079.08
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking down SW corner (inspector Mohamed Sadek)
ID: PDM_1993.124.01
Description: Inspector Mohamed Sadek and Peter Janosi with NE corner of Khufu pyramid in background
ID: PDM_1993.124.02
Description: Khufu pyramid, SW corner, looking NE
ID: PDM_1993.124.03
ID: PDM_1993.124.04
Description: Khufu pyramid, with Khufu Boat Museum, looking E along S face
ID: PDM_1993.124.05
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking down SW corner
ID: PDM_1993.124.09
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza
Description: Western Cemetery, looking NW from halfway up Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_1993.124.12
ID: PDM_1993.124.13
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking N along W face
ID: PDM_1993.124.19
ID: PDM_1993.124.20
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking down SW corner (inspector Mohamed Sadek and Peter Janosi)
ID: PDM_1993.124.22
ID: PDM_1993.125.05
ID: PDM_1993.125.06
Description: Khufu pyramid, top, looking NE (inspector Mohamed Sadek)
ID: PDM_1993.125.07
ID: PDM_1993.125.08
ID: PDM_1993.125.17
Description: Khufu pyramid, top, looking W (Peter Janosi and inspector Mohamed Sadek)
ID: PDM_1993.126.08
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking E along S face
ID: PDM_1993.126.09
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking up to NE
ID: PDM_1993.126.10
ID: PDM_1993.126.14
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking N along W face (inspector Mohamed Sadek)
ID: PDM_1993.126.15
ID: PDM_1993.127.35
Description: Peter Janosi at NW corner (top) of Khufu pyramid, looking N
ID: PDM_1993.129.08
ID: PDM_1993.130.03
Description: Khufu pyramid, top, looking E to Eastern Cemetery (inspector Mohamed Sadek and Peter Janosi)
ID: PDM_1993.130.12
Description: Khufu pyramid, top, looking E (Peter Janosi and inspector Mohamed Sadek)
ID: PDM_1993.130.18
ID: PDM_1993.130.19
Description: Khufu pyramid, top, looking E (inspector Mohamed Sadek and Peter Janosi)
ID: PDM_1999.001.20
Description: Brian Snyder and inspector Aiman climbing E face of Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_1999.001.21
ID: PDM_1999.001.22
ID: PDM_1999.001.23
ID: PDM_1999.001.24
ID: PDM_1999.001.25
ID: PDM_1999.001.26
ID: PDM_1999.001.27
ID: PDM_1999.001.28
ID: PDM_1999.001.29
Description: Brian Snyder and inspector Aiman climbing E face of Khufu pyramid, looking SW to Khafre pyramid
ID: PDM_1999.006.06
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking E from cemetery 4000
ID: PDM_1999.008.06
Description: Khufu pyramid, from rest house, looking E
ID: PDM_1999.008.16
Description: Khufu pyramid, top, looking NE
ID: PDM_1999.016.29
Description: “Giza Day” celebrations, looking S across Sharia el-Haram (Pyramids Road) toward Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_1999.016.30
ID: PDM_1999.016.33
ID: PDM_1999.016.35
Description: “Giza Day” celebrations, looking S across Sharia el-Haram (Pyramids Road) toward Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid
ID: PDM_1999.016.37
ID: PDM_1999.016.38
ID: PDM_1999.017.01
Description: “Giza Day” celebrations, with large balloon, looking S toward north face of Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_1999.017.02
ID: PDM_1999.018.02
Description: General view across Cemetery G 2000 toward west face of G 2100-I, Merib, looking E toward Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_1999.018.05
Subjects: People & places: Site: Giza; View: G 2000, Khufu pyramid
Description: Brian Snyder photographing on top of mastaba G 2000 (= Lepsius 23), looking E toward Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_1999.018.06
ID: PDM_1999.018.11
Description: Brian Snyder and inspector Aiman climbing E face of Khufu pyramid, looking NW
ID: PDM_1999.018.12
Description: Brian Snyder climbing E face of Khufu pyramid, looking W
ID: PDM_1999.018.13
Description: Khufu pyramid, SE corner, looking WSW to Khafre pyramid (Brian Snyder climbing E face)
ID: PDM_1999.018.14
Description: Brian Snyder and inspector Aiman climbing E face of Khufu pyramid, looking W
ID: PDM_1999.026.12
Subjects: People & places: Site: Giza; View: Harvard Camp, Khufu pyramid
Description: Harvard Camp, lower house (terrace of Sadat rest-house), looking E toward Khufu pyramid (photographer Brian Snyder)
ID: PDM_1999.033.17
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking S from Mena House hotel garden
ID: PDM_1999.033.19
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid
Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking S from Mena House hotel garden
ID: PDM_1999.033.24
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking S from Mena House hotel pool area
ID: PDM_1999.033.28
ID: PDM_1999.200.14
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2100-I, Khufu pyramid
Description: Western Cemetery, general view, cemetery G 4000, looking SE from top of mastaba G 2000 toward Khufu pyramid (image 6 of 11 sequential images, panning counterclockwise from S to N, PDM_1999.200.09 through PDM_1999.200.19)
ID: PDM_1999.200.15
Description: Western Cemetery, general view, cemetery G 2100, including G 2100 and G 2100-I, looking E from top of mastaba G 2000 toward Khufu pyramid (photographer Brian Snyder) (image 7 of 11 sequential images, panning counterclockwise from S to N, PDM_1999.200.09 through PDM_1999.200.19)
ID: PDM_1999.200.16
Description: Western Cemetery, general view, cemetery G 2100, including G 2100 and G 2100-I, looking E from top of mastaba G 2000 toward Khufu pyramid (photographer Brian Snyder) (image 8 of 11 sequential images, panning counterclockwise from S to N, PDM_1999.200.09 through PDM_1999.200.19)
ID: PDM_1999.200.20
ID: PDM_1999.200.21
ID: PDM_1999.200.22
ID: PDM_1999.200.23
ID: PDM_1999.200.24
ID: PDM_1999.200.28
Description: Brian Snyder and inspector Aiman climbing E face of Khufu pyramid, looking SW
ID: PDM_1999.200.29
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khufu boat pit
Description: Khufu pyramid, SW corner, and Khufu boat pit, looking SW
ID: PDM_1999.200.31
Description: Khufu pyramid temple, from top of pyramid G I-a, looking NW
ID: PDM_1999.200.32
Subjects: Eastern Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, G 7000 X
Description: Khufu causeway, G 7000 X, Hetepheres I, from top of pyramid G I-a, looking NE
ID: PDM_1999.200.33
Description: Khufu pyramid, SW corner, looking SW from of subsidiary pyramid G I-a
ID: PDM_1999.201.02
Description: Cemetery G 4000, looking E toward Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_1999.201.10
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking E over Western Cemetery enclosure wall
ID: PDM_1999.201.18
Description: General view in front of former Harvard Camp area, looking E toward Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_1999.201.19
Subjects: General view/misc.: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid
Description: General view in front of former Harvard Camp area, looking E toward Khufu and Khafre pyramids
ID: PDM_00158
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (evening)
ID: PDM_00160
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454, looking SE, early morning
ID: PDM_00161
ID: PDM_00162
ID: PDM_00163
ID: PDM_00164
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454, looking SE, morning
ID: PDM_00215
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid, Harvard Camp
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking E from Harvard Camp
ID: PDM_00231
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Harvard Camp, Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid
Description: Road from Harvard Camp, looking E to Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid
ID: PDM_00233
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid
Description: View between Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking E from Harvard Camp area toward Nazlet es-Saman
ID: PDM_00316
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454, looking SE, evening
ID: PDM_00317
ID: PDM_00318
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (night)
ID: PDM_00319
ID: PDM_00320
ID: PDM_00321
ID: PDM_00322
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454, looking SE, morning fog
ID: PDM_00323
ID: PDM_00324
ID: PDM_00528
Subjects: Eastern Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid
Description: area E of Khufu pyramid temple, looking E
ID: PDM_00685
Description: Passage tunnel underneath Khufu causeway, looking N
ID: PDM_00963
Description: Western Cemetery, general view, looking E from G 2001 toward mastabas G 2100 and G 2100-I and Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_01049
Description: View along S face of Khufu pyramid, looking E to Khufu Boat Museum
ID: PDM_01335
Description: From top of “big dump” north of G 2000s tombs, looking E to Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_01351
Description: General view of area of Wadi Cemetery, looking SE over storage magazine toward Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_01352
Description: General view of area of Wadi Cemetery, looking SE toward Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_01353
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454, looking SE
ID: PDM_01369
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 1 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)
ID: PDM_01370
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 2 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)
ID: PDM_01372
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 3 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)
ID: PDM_01373
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 4 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)
ID: PDM_01374
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 5 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)
ID: PDM_01375
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 6 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)
ID: PDM_01376
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 7 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)
ID: PDM_01377
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 8 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)
ID: PDM_01378
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 9 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)
ID: PDM_01379
Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 10 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)
ID: PDM_01380
ID: PDM_02299
Description: Alexandria Road, looking SE toward Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_02300
ID: PDM_02304
Description: Excavation cutting trench on north side of Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_02483
Description: Khufu pyramid, north face, looking SE
ID: PDM_02555
Description: Khufu pyramid and Boat Museum, looking NW from top of Southern Mount across Central Field
ID: PDM_02565
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx, Khufu pyramid
Description: General view, Central Field, Sphinx, and Khufu pyramid, looking NW from top of Southern Mount (Muslim cemetery in foreground)
ID: PDM_02566
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx, Khafre valley temple, Khufu pyramid
Description: General view, Central Field, Sphinx, Khafre valley temple, and Khufu pyramid, looking NW from top of Southern Mount (Muslim cemetery in foreground)
ID: PDM_02572
Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Central Field, Khufu pyramid
Description: Central Field and Khufu pyramid, looking NW from top of Southern Mount
ID: PDM_02573
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: G 8400, Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid
Description: General view, Central Field, G 8400 = Khentkaus pyramid, Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking NW from top of Southern Mount
ID: PDM_02584
Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid
Description: Central Field, and Khufu pyramid, looking NW from top of Southern Mount
ID: PDM_02592
Description: Khufu pyramid, Central Field, and modern Muslim Cemetery, looking NW from top of Southern Mount
ID: PDM_02594
Subjects: General view/misc.: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx, Khufu pyramid
Description: Sphinx (profile, proper right), Central Field, and Khufu pyramid, looking N from top of Southern Mount
ID: PDM_02603
ID: PDM_02604
ID: PDM_02618
Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking NW from base of Southern Mount
ID: PDM_02619
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: G 8400, Khufu pyramid
Description: General view, G 8400 = Khentkaus pyramid, high security wall, and Khufu pyramid, looking N from base of Southern Mount
ID: PDM_02620
Description: General view, G 8400 = Khentkaus pyramid, high security wall, and Khufu pyramid, looking N from S of Southern Mount
ID: PDM_03399
Description: Khufu pyramid, south side, hole blasted by Howard Vyse
ID: PDM_03401
ID: PDM_03402
ID: PDM_05656
Description: Khufu pyramid, northwest corner, looking S
ID: PDM_05657
Description: Khufu pyramid, northwest corner, looking E
ID: PDM_05658
Description: Khufu pyramid, southwest corner, looking E
ID: PDM_05659
Description: Khufu pyramid, southwest corner, looking N
ID: PDM_05669
Description: Khufu pyramid, northeast corner, looking S
ID: PDM_05670
Description: Khufu pyramid, northeast corner, looking W
ID: PDM_05809
Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid
Description: Central Field: general view of Janosi zone 3, looking N to Khufu and Khafre pyramids
ID: PDM_05852
Description: Khufu pyramid, southeast corner, looking N
ID: PDM_05853
Description: Khufu pyramid, southeast corner, looking W
ID: PDM_05861
ID: PDM_05862
ID: PDM_05876
Subjects: General view/misc.: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, SCA antiquities admission buildings
Description: New SCA antiquities admission buildings (formerly Rowad trench area), looking S to Khufu and Khafre pyramids
ID: PDM_06111
Description: Harvard Camp, asphalt helipad for former Anwar Sadat rest-house, with Beverly Waters, looking E toward Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_06117
Description: Far Western Cemetery: Decauville railroad car, looking E toward Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_06118
ID: PDM_06120
Description: Far Western Cemetery: Decauville railroad tracks, looking E toward Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_06121
Description: Far Western Cemetery: Decauville railroad tracks, looking E toward Khufu and Khafre pyramids
ID: PDM_06156
Description: Western Cemetery: general view toward Cemetery 1200 from Abu Bakr Cemetery, Brown University/Cairo University excavations, with Decauville railroad cars, looking E
ID: PDM_06157
Description: Western Cemetery: general view toward Cemetery 1200 from Abu Bakr Cemetery, Brown University/Cairo University excavations, with Decauville railroad car, looking E
ID: PDM_06182
Description: Cemetery en Echelon and Khufu pyramid, from Junker 1912 debris ramp, looking SE
ID: PDM_06247
Description: General view of pyramids, Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking E from Harvard Camp
ID: PDM_06251
Description: Far Western Cemetery, Decauville railroad tracks from Zahi Hawass recent excavations, looking E toward Khufu and Khafre pyramids
ID: PDM_06252
Description: Far Western Cemetery, Decauville railroad tracks from Zahi Hawass recent excavations, looking E toward Khufu pyramid
ID: PDM_06253
ID: PDM_06254
ID: PDM_1993.003.04
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2220, Khufu pyramid
Description: Cemetery G 2100: from northeast corner of G 2220, looking SE toward Khufu pyramid
ID: MFAB_AAW1035
Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Central Field, Khufu Pyramid, Sphinx
Description: Central Field, Sphinx, and Khufu pyramid, looking N from Southern Mount over Muslim cemetery
ID: MFAB_AAW1038
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking E across N face
ID: MFAB_AAW1039
Description: Top of Khufu pyramid, looking SW to Khafre pyramid
ID: MFAB_AAW1040
Description: Top of Khufu pyramid, looking S at Lynn Holden and Carter Wentworth sitting on SE corner
ID: MFAB_AAW1052
Subjects: General view/misc.: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid
Description: Mena House golf course and Pyramids Road (Sharia el-Haram), looking N from top of Khufu pyramid
ID: MFAB_AAW1053
Description: Khufu pyramid and expedition land rover, looking E from Western Cemetery
ID: MFAB_AAW1054
Description: Khufu pyramid, Lepsius Expedition modern hieroglyphic inscription to Prussian Kaiser Friedrich Wilhelm IV (January 1843), above entrance on N side, looking SE
ID: MFAB_AAW1055
Description: Khufu pyramid, southwest corner, looking NE from top of Khafre pyramid
ID: MFAB_AAW1063
Description: Khufu pyramid and sun, looking SE(?)
ID: MFAB_AAW1067
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, G I-b, G I-c
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking NW from between subsidiary pyramids G I-b (to N) and G I-c (to S)
ID: MFAB_AAW1076
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking W along N face toward Senedjemib Complex
ID: MFAB_AAW1077
Description: Khufu pyramid, queen’s chamber, Rudolf Gantenbrink air channel photography (video) project, left to right: Mohamed Shiha, Rainer Stadelmann, Mohamed Sadek
ID: MFAB_AAW1078
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking E along N face toward Farouk rest-house
ID: MFAB_AAW1079
Description: Khufu pyramid, N face, looking SE
ID: MFAB_AAW1080
Description: Khufu pyramid, NW corner, looking S
ID: MFAB_AAW1081
Description: Khufu pyramid, looking SE along N face toward Farouk rest-house
ID: MFAB_AAW1082
ID: MFAB_AAW1083
Description: Passage tunnel underneath Khufu causeway, looking S
ID: MFAB_AAW1084
ID: MFAB_AAW1085
ID: MFAB_AAW1086
ID: MFAB_AAW1087
ID: MFAB_AAW1089
ID: MFAB_AAW1090
ID: MFAB_AAW1162
Subjects: Sphinx Complex: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Sphinx complex, NW corner of cavity, looking NW toward Khufu pyramid
ID: MFAB_AAW1584
Description: Khufu pyramid, NE corner, looking SW
ID: MFAB_AAW1585
Description: Khufu pyramid, NW corner, climbing the pyramid, looking NW
ID: MFAB_AAW1603
ID: MFAB_AAW1627
Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Khafre pyramid, Peter Der Manuelian by casing preserved at top, looking NE toward Khufu pyramid
ID: MFAB_AAW1663
Description: Khufu pyramid, N side, entrance, looking SE
ID: MFAB_AAW1679
Description: Khufu pyramid, queen’s chamber, Rudolf Gantenbrink air channel photography (video) project, Mohamed Shiha, Rainer Stadelmann, and Mohamed Sadek
ID: MFAB_AAW1835
Description: Khufu pyramid, S face with Khufu Boat Museum, looking NE
ID: MFAB_AAW2081
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum
Description: Aerial view of Khufu pyramid, Western Cemetery, Eastern Cemetery, Cemetery G I-S and Khufu Boat Museum, looking N
ID: MFAB_AAW2085
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, G I-a, G I-b, G I-c
Description: Aerial view of Giza, including Khufu pyramid and subsidiary pyramids G I-a, G I-b, and G I-c, looking W
ID: MFAB_AAW2086
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid, Menkaure pyramid, Sphinx
Description: Aerial view of Giza, including Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure pyramids, Central Field, and Sphinx complex, looking W
ID: MFAB_AAW2090
Description: Aerial view of Khufu pyramid, Cemetery G I-S and Khufu Boat Museum, looking SE
ID: MFAB_AAW2133
Description: Aerial view of Giza, Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking NE
ID: KHM_AEOS_II_5274
Description: Area of cultivation, looking NW toward Khufu and Khafre pyramids
ID: KHM_AEOS_II_5275
ID: KHM_AEOS_I_5786
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza
Description: Khufu pyramid enclosure wall, W side of pyramid, looking NE
ID: KHM_AEOS_I_5906
Description: Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure pyramids, general view, looking NW
ID: KHM_o_neg_nr_0493
Description: Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu pyramids, general view, looking N
ID: KHM_o_neg_nr_0501
Description: Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu pyramids, general view, looking NNE
ID: MMA_17.6.143_001
Subjects: Object(s) photograph: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid
Description: Specimen of mortar from the Great Pyramid (MMA_17.6.143)
ID: MMA_17.6.143_002
ID: MMA_23.187_001
Description: Specimen of mortar from the Great Pyramid (MMA_23.187)
ID: MMA_23.187_002
ID: MMA_23.187_003
ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5553
Description: Photograph of the pyramid of Khufu taken during the annual Nile flood by Félix Bonfils.
ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5555
Subjects: Eastern Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 7391; Khufu Pyramid
Description: Excavations in the area of G 7391 (mastaba of Iteti) southeast of the pyramid of Khufu.
ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5562
Description: Photograph of the pyramid of Khufu taken by Félix Bonfils.
ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5563
Description: Photograph of the eastern face of the pyramid of Khufu, taken by Antonio Beato.
ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5564
ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5571
ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5572
Subjects: Sphinx/Sphinx temple: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx; Khufu Pyramid
Description: The Sphinx, buried in sand, looking NW toward the pyramid of Khufu.
ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5573
ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5575
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx; Khufu Pyramid
Description: Photograph of the Sphinx buried in sand, looking NW toward the pyramid of Khufu, taken by Antonio Beato.
ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5576
Description: Photograph of visitors climbing the pyramid of Khufu taken by Félix Bonfils.
ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5578
Description: Photograph of visitors climbing the NW corner of the pyramid of Khufu taken by Félix Bonfils.
ID: UPM_33742
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; view: Khufu Pyramid
Description: Khufu Pyramid, from lower house of Harvard Camp, looking E.
ID: UPM_33743
ID: UPM_33744
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; view: Harvard Camp, Khafre Pyramid, Menkaure Pyramid
Description: Harvard Camp, general view, looking SE towards Khafre Pyramid, with Menkaure Pyramid in the distance.
ID: ASU_A11_001
Subjects: Sphinx Complex: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx
Description: Sphinx, from S side looking N, with Khufu Pyramid in background
ID: ASU_A11_003
Description: Sphinx, head, from S side looking N, with Khufu Pyramid in background
ID: ASU_A11_004
Description: Sphinx, from S side looking slightly W of N, with Khufu Pyramid in background
ID: ASU_A11_009
Description: Sphinx, from Khafre Causeway, looking NW, with Khufu Pyramid in background
ID: ASU_A3_019
Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Causeway, Sphinx
Description: Khafre Causeway, looking NW across to Sphinx, with Khufu Pyramid in the background
ID: ASU_A11_021
Description: Sphinx, from Khafre Causeway, looking slightly W of N, with Khufu Pyramid in background
ID: ASU_panorama_008
Description: Panorama: Sphinx, with Temple of Amenhetep II, Khufu Pyramid, and Khafre Pyramid in background
ID: ASU_panorama_011
Description: Panorama: Sphinx, with Temple of Amenhetep II and Khufu Pyramid in background
ID: ASU_A4_005
Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Causeway
Description: Area along S side of Khafre Causeway, looking W, with Menkaure Pyramid (left) and Khafre Pyramid (center) in background
ID: ASU_A10_001
Subjects: Sphinx Complex: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx Temple
Description: Sphinx Temple, E face, looking NW, with Khufu Pyramid at left
ID: ASU_A10_002
Description: Sphinx Temple, E face, looking NW, with Khufu Pyramid in background
ID: ASU_A11_024
Description: Khafre Causeway, from E end, looking W toward Khafre Pyramid
ID: ASU_A11_036
Description: Sphinx, rear portion, from Khafre Causeway, looking roughly NW, with Khufu Pyramid in background
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_011
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex, Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Western Cemetery, G 5411, G 5210, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Western Cemetery, from near SW corner of Khufu Pyramid, looking N with Khufu Pyramid at right, and G 5411 and G 5210 in background (left)
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_012
Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid
Description: Khufu Pyramid, from SW corner, looking NE
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_013
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex, Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Western Cemetery, G 5411, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Western Cemetery, with S face of G 5411, and Khufu Pyramid, from near SW corner of Khufu Pyramid, looking NE
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_014
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex, Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Western Cemetery, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Western Cemetery, from near SW corner of Khufu Pyramid, closeup of ground near G 5411, looking roughly E
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_017
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex, Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 5411, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Western Cemetery,G 5411, closeup of wall, with Khufu Pyramid in background, looking roughly NE
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_018
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum
Description: Khufu Pyramid and Khufu Boat Museum, from SW corner of Khufu Pyramid, looking ENE
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_245
Description: Base of Khufu Pyramid, from N side looking S
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_246
Description: Base of Khufu Pyramid, closeup of ground, from N side looking S
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_247
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_248
Description: Base of Khufu Pyramid, from N side looking SSE
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_257
Description: Khufu Pyramid, from NW corner, looking SSE
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_025
Description: Khufu Pyramid and Khufu Boat Museum, from SW corner of Khufu Pyramid, looking E
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_026
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex, Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 5210, G 5220, Khufu Pyramid
Description: G 5210, E face and chapel, with G 5220 in background and Khufu Pyramid at right, looking N
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_002
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza
Description: General view from Mena House Hotel, with Khufu Pyramid in the backgound
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_223
Subjects: Eastern Cemetery and Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Causeway, Khufu Pyramid, G I-a, G 7810
Description: Khufu Causeway area, from NE of G 7810(?) (visible at left), looking WSW towards Khufu Pyramid and G I-a, with Khafre Pyramid in background
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_224
Subjects: Eastern Cemetery and Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Causeway, Khufu Pyramid, G I-a, G I-b, G 7810
Description: Khufu Causeway area, from N of G 7810(?) (visible at far left), looking WSW towards Khufu Pyramid and G I-a and G I-b, with Khafre Pyramid in background
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_228
Subjects: Eastern Cemetery and Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: G 7413, G 7410-7420, Khufu Pyramid, G I-a, G I-b, G I-c
Description: Eastern Cemetery: G 7413, W half (midground left, with horses), G 7410-7420 (far left), Khufu Pyramid and subsidiary pyramids G I-c, G I-b, and G I-a, looking SW towards Khafre Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_261
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza
Description: Giza Plateau visitor center, with Khufu and Khafre Pyramids in background
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_266
Description: Giza Plateau entrance road, with Khufu Pyramid in background
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_267
Description: Modern security wall along N edge of plateau, from entrance road, looking SE, with Khufu Pyramid in background (right)
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_271
Description: Khufu Pyramid, from road to Mena House, looking S across modern security wall
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_272
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_273
Description: General view from area of Mena House Hotel, with Khufu Pyramid in the backgound
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_274
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_103
Description: Area to E of Khafre Valley Temple and Sphinx Temple, Egyptian excavations (2011), looking NNW, with Sphinx Temple and Khufu Pyramid in background
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_107
Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Valley Temple
Description: Khafre Valley Temple harbor area, S ramp, closeup of blocks on N side, looking NW, with Khafre Valley Temple and Khufu Pyramid in background
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_182
Subjects: Sphinx Complex: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx Complex
Description: Cliff face to N of Sphinx, from E end, with modern wall (left) and Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid in background, looking W
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_233
Subjects: Eastern Cemetery and Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: G 7110-7120: G 7110, G 7210-7220: G 7120, G I-a, G I-b, G I-c, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Eastern Cemetery and Khufu Pyramid Complex: N faces of G 7210-7220 (far left) and G 7110-7120 (left), subsidiary pyramids G I-c, G I-b, and G I-a, and base of Khufu Pyramid (far right)
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_235
Description: Khufu Pyramid, N half of E face, from E of Farouk rest-house
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_237
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid Temple
Description: Khufu Pyramid Temple area, looking SW towards G I-a (left) and Khufu Pyramid (right)
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_238
Description: Khufu Pyramid Temple, closeup of basalt paving, looking SW, with base of Khufu Pyramid in background
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_239
Description: Khufu Pyramid Temple, closeup of ground, looking SW, with base of Khufu Pyramid in background
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_275
Description: General view from area of Mena House Hotel, with Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid in the backgound
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_276
Description: Khufu Pyramid, from area of Mena House Hotel, looking SSE
ID: PDM_2011.01.17_281
ID: PDM_2011.01.16_001
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.16_002
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid
Description: Panorama: General view from Mena House Hotel, with Khufu Pyramid (far left) and modern security wall
ID: PDM_2011.01.16_003
Description: Khufu Pyramid, from Mena House Hotel
ID: PDM_2011.01.16_005
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_183
Description: Khafre Pyramid, NW corner, looking NE towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_184
Description: Khafre Pyramid, NW corner and enclosure area, looking NE towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_185
Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Quarry, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Khafre Quarry, N wall, looking NNE, with edge of Khufu Pyramid (right)
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_189
Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Quarry, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Area to N of Khafre Pyramid, including Khafre Quarry, from NW corner looking E along N face, with Khufu Pyramid at left
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_215
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid
Description: View from tourist road in far Western Cemetery, looking roughly E towards Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_219
Description: Helipad for former Anwar Sadat rest-house, looking E towards Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_221
Description: Helipad for former Anwar Sadat rest-house, looking ENE towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_253
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2000, Cemetery G 1200, Cemetery G 1700, Cemetery G 1800, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Panorama: View of Cemetery G 1700 and Cemetery G 1800 (?), looking NE towards Cemetery G 1200 and G 2000, with Khufu Pyramid in the background (right)
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_312
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2220, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Cemetery G 2100: G 2220, chapel, E wall, relief (unfinished raised relief, figures of standing couple), looking SE, with Khufu Pyramid in the background
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_314
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Cemetery en Echelon, Khufu Pyramid
Description: View from NE corner of G 2220, looking SE across Cemetery en Echelon towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_402
Description: Base of Khufu Pyramid, N face, looking SE
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_052
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Menkaure Causeway
Description: Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid, looking N across Menkaure Causeway
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_190
Description: Khafre pyramid, N side, quarry enclosure wall, Ramesside graffito of May, looking NNE, with Khufu Pyramid (right)
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_193
Description: Khafre Quarry, NW corner, looking ENE towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_195
Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Quarry, Khufu Pyramid, G I-South Cemetery, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c
Description: Khafre Quarry, NW corner, looking E, with Khufu Pyramid (background left), Khufu Boat Museum, part of G I-South Cemetery, and G I-c (background center)
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_197
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Western Cemetery, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Panorama: area to N of Khafre Pyramid, red dirt for new road road (2011), looking NNE towards Western Cemetery and Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_198
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, G I-South Cemetery, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c
Description: Khufu Pyramid, from near NW corner of Khafre Pyramid enclosure, looking ENE across red dirt for new road (2011), with Khufu Boat Museum, part of G I-South Cemetery, and G I-c
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_199
Description: Khufu Pyramid, from W side, looking ENE across red dirt for new road (2011), with Khufu Boat Museum, part of G I-South Cemetery, and G I-c (midground right)
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_224
Description: View from far Western Cemetery, area of helipad for former Anwar Sadat rest-house, looking E twards Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_226
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, G I-South Cemetery, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, G 6050, G 6010
Description: View from helipad for former Anwar Sadat rest-house, looking ENE towards Khufu Pyramid, with G 6050 and G 6010 (foreground left), and Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, and G I-South Cemetery (midground right)
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_227
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Western Cemetery
Description: View from helipad for former Anwar Sadat rest-house, looking NE towards Khufu Pyramid and Western Cemetery
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_257
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Cemetery G 1700, Cemetery G 1800, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Far Western Cemetery, area of Cemetery G 1700 and Cemetery G 1800, looking E towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_258
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Cemetery G 1700, Cemetery G 1800, Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid
Description: Far Western Cemetery, area of Cemetery G 1700 and Cemetery G 1800, looking ESE towards Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_259
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 1201, S 2539/2541, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Street between G 1201 and S 2539/2541, looking E towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_262
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 4000, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Dismantled Junker dig house and N wall of G 4000, looking E towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_294
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2151, G 2150, G 2170, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Cemetery G 2100: G 2151 (abutting N end of G 2150), looking SE at N faces of G 2150 and G 2170, with Khufu Pyramid in the background
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_316
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Cemetery en Echelon, Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid
Description: Panorama: view from near NE corner of G 2220, looking SE across Cemetery en Echelon towards Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_317
Description: View from near NE corner of G 2220, looking E across modern buildings and N part of Cemetery en Echelon towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_318
Description: View from near NE corner of G 2220, looking SE across modern buildings and Cemetery en Echelon towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_319
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Cemetery en Echelon, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid
Description: View from NE of G 2220, looking SSE across Cemetery en Echelon towards Khafre Pyramid, with Khufu Pyramid at left
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_403
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_404
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_405
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_406
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_407
Description: Khufu Pyramid, N face, looking SSE
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_413
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Cemetery en Echelon, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Panorama: general view from N edge of Giza Plateau, looking S across Cemetery en Echelon towards Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_414
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Cemetery en Echelon, Khufu Pyramid
Description: General view from N edge of Giza Plateau, looking SE across Cemetery en Echelon towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_415
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_417
Description: View of Khufu and Khafre Pyramids through windows of Mena House Hotel
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_200
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex and G I-South Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, G I-South Cemetery, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-b, G I-c
Description: Khufu Pyramid (left), Khufu Boat Museum, G I-b, G I-c, and G I-South Cemetery, from W side looking E
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_032
Subjects: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: MQ 121, MQ 130, MQ 101(?), MQ 132, MQ 133, MQ 102, MQ 500, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery, including (from left to right) entrances to MQ 121 and MQ 130, MQ 101(?) (in terrace above MQ 130), MQ 132, MQ 133 (under sand heap), MQ 102, and MQ 500, looking N towards Khafre and Khufu Pyramids
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_033
Subjects: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: MQ 123, MQ 124, MQ 105, MQ 120, MQ 134, MQ 121, MQ 130, MQ 101(?), MQ 131, MQ 132, MQ 133, MQ 102, MQ 500, MQ 502, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery, including (from left to right) edge of MQ 123, entrance to MQ 124, MQ 105, MQ 120, MQ 134, entrances to MQ 121 and MQ 130, MQ 101(?) (in terrace above MQ 130), MQ 131 (shafts only, in front of MQ 121 and MQ 130), MQ 132, MQ 133 (under sand heap), MQ 102, MQ 500, and MQ 502, looking N towards Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_100
Subjects: Menkaure Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Menkaure Pyramid Temple, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Menkaure Pyramid Temple, courtyard, looking NE towards Khafre Pyramid, with Khufu Pyramid in the background
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_201
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c
Description: Khufu Pyramid, from on new red dirt road (2011), looking E, with Khufu Boat Museum and G I-c (midground center)
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_202
Description: New red dirt road (2011), looking E towards Khufu Pyramid (left), G I-b, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, and G I-South Cemetery (midground, center to right)
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_205
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, G 80, G 6027, G 6028, G 6050, G 6020, G 6010, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-South Cemetery, G I-c
Description: Khufu Pyramid, W face, with southern edge of the Western Cemetery, including G 80(?) G 6027, G 6028, G 6050, G 6020, and G 6010 (midground left) and Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, and G I-S Cemetery (midground right)
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_206
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, G 80, G 6027, G 6028, G 6050, G 6040, G 6020, G 6010, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-South Cemetery, G I-c
Description: Khufu Pyramid, W face, with southern edge of the Western Cemetery, including G 80(?) G 6027, G 6028, G 6050, G 6040, G 6020, and G 6010 (midground left) and Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, and G I-S Cemetery (midground right)
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_234
Description: View from W of helipad for former Anwar Sadat rest-house, looking E towards Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_239
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Western Cemetery, G 2000, Khufu Pyramid
Description: View from far western edge of Western Cemetery, including G 2000 (large mastaba, midground center), looking E towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_240
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Western Cemetery, G 2000, G 30, Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid
Description: View from far western edge of Western Cemetery, including G 2000 (large mastaba, midground left) and unexcavated mastaba G 30 (midground, right of center) looking E towards Khufu Pyramid, with Khafre Pyramid at right
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_241
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Western Cemetery, G 30, Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid
Description: View from far western edge of Western Cemetery, including unexcavated mastaba G 30 (midground, center) looking ESE towards Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_270
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 4150, G 4160, Cemetery G 4000, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Cemetery G 4000: View from between G G 4150 and G 4160, looking E towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_298
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2152, G 2153, G 2138, G 2156', Khufu Pyramid
Description: Cemetery G 2100 (area between G 2220 and G 2150): area of G 2152 and G 2153, with S walls of G 2138 and G 2156' (left) and corner of G 2151 (foreground, far right), looking E towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_372
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2353, G 2360, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Cemetery G 2300: G 2353, Herunefer, chapel entrance, with relif on E door jamb (Herunefer, his wife Nedjetpet, and his eldest son Khufuhetep depicted), looking SE at NW corner of G 2360, with Khufu Pyramid in the background
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_026
Subjects: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: MQ 136, MQ 106, MQ 123, MQ 105, MQ 120, MQ 134, MQ 121, MQ 130, MQ 101(?), MQ 131, MQ 132, Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery, including edge of MQ 136 (far left), MQ 106 and MQ 123 (from left to center), MQ 105, MQ 120, and MQ 134 (from center to foreground right), entrances to MQ 121 and MQ 130 (midground right), MQ 101(?) (in terrace above entrance to MQ 130), MQ 131 (shafts only, in front of MQ 121 and MQ 130), and rear wall of MQ 132 (far right), looking N, with Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu Pyramids in the background
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_027
Subjects: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: MQ 123, MQ 105, MQ 120, MQ 134, MQ 121, MQ 130, MQ 101, MQ 131, MQ 132, MQ 133, MQ 102, MQ 500, MQ 502, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery, including MQ 123 (left), MQ 105, MQ 120, and MQ 134 ( from left to center), entrances to MQ 121 and MQ 130 (center), MQ 101(?) (in terrace above MQ 130), MQ 131 (shafts only, in front of MQ 121 and MQ 130), rear wall of MQ 132 (adjacent to entrance to MQ 130), MQ 133 (under sand heap), MQ 102 (right), MQ 500 and MQ 502 (far right), looking N towards Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.18_029
Subjects: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: MQ 136, MQ 106, MQ 105, MQ 120, MQ 121, MQ 130, MQ 101(?), MQ 131, MQ 132, MQ 133, MQ 102, MQ 500, MQ 502, Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Panorama: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery, including (from left to right) MQ 136, MQ 106, MQ 105, MQ 120, entrances to MQ 121 and MQ 130, MQ 101(?) (in terrace above entrance to MQ 130), MQ 131 (shafts only, in front of MQ 121 and MQ 130), MQ 132, MQ 133 (under sand heap), MQ 102, MQ 500, and MQ 502, looking N, with Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu Pyramids in the background
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_001
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Central Field, Sphinx, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid
Description: General view of Giza Plateau from near NE corner of modern Muslim Cemetery, looking NW across Central Field and Sphinx towards Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_037
Subjects: Menkaure Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Menkaure Valley Temple, G 8400, Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Muslim Cemetery
Description: S of Menkaure Valley Temple Ante-town area, ongoing excavations (2011), looking N along security wall for Muslim cemetery towards G 8400 and Central Field, with Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid in the background
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_107
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Muslim Cemetery
Description: View from just W of Southern Mount, looking NW across security wall for Muslim cemetery towards Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_110
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Muslim Cemetery
Description: View from just W of Southern Mount, looking NW across security wall for Muslim cemetery towards Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, and Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_113
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Muslim Cemetery
Description: View from just W of Southern Mount, looking W across security wall for Muslim cemetery towards Menkaure Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_179
Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Central Field, Khufu Pyramid
Description: General view of Central Field, looking NNW towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_180
Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Central Field, Khufu Pyramid, G I-c
Description: General view of Central Field, looking N towards Khufu Pyramid and G I-c
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_182
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, Central Field
Description: Panorama: view from on top of Southern Mount, looking NW across Muslim Cemetery towards Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, and Central Field
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_383
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-South Cemetery
Description: Khufu Pyramid, S face, with G I-South Cemetery and Khufu Boat Museum, looking N
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_384
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_385
Description: Khufu Pyramid, S face, with part of G I-South Cemetery and Khufu Boat Museum, looking NNE
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_388
Description: SW of Khufu Pyramid, looking NNE at red dirt for tourist road and W face of Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_487
Description: Near NE corner of Khufu Pyramid, closeup of ground, looking ?
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_488
Description: Khufu Pyramid, N side, looking W
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_489
Description: Khufu Pyramid, N side, closeup of ground, looking W
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_490
Description: Khufu Pyramid, N side, closeup of ground, looking ?
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_491
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Cemetery en Echelon
Description: N of Khufu Pyramid, looking WNW, with edge of Cemetery en Echelon
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_005
Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Sphinx, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, G I-b
Description: Khufu Pyramid, SE corner, looking NW, with Sphinx, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, and G I-b
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_006
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, Sphinx, Khafre Valley Temple, G I-c
Description: General view from near NE corner of modern Muslim Cemetery, looking N, with Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, Sphinx, Khafre Valley Temple, and G I-c
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_011
Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: G 8960, Khufu Pyramid, Sphinx, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, G I-b
Description: Central Field, including G 8960 (midground center), looking NW towards Sphinx, Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, and G I-b
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_119
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_120
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Southern Mount, from SW corner looking N towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_228
Subjects: South Giza administrative area (Lehner): Site: Giza; View: South Giza, Muslim Cemetery, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid
Description: View from N side of Heit el-Ghorab (Wall of the Crow), looking NW across Muslim Cemetery towards Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_389
Description: SW of Khufu Pyramid, looking NE at red dirt for tourist road, G I-South Cemetery, Khufu Boat Museum, and S face of Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_329
Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: G 8064, G 8070, G 8066, G 8080, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Central Field, tombs along W cliff face, including G 8064 (foreground), entrance to G 8070 (not clearly visible in cliff face to N of G 8064), G 8066 (midground, with modern security door), and G 8080, looking N towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_344
Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: G 8130, Khufu Pyramid
Description: G 8130, columns on E side, looking N towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_201
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Muslim Cemetery, Central Field, Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c
Description: View from E of Southern Mount, looking NW across Muslim Cemetery and Central Field towards Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, and G I-c
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_345
Description: G 8130, columns on E side and inscribed block in sand, looking N towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_479
Description: General view from NE of G 2220, looking SE across Cemetery en Echelon towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_481
Description: Khufu Pyramid, NE corner, looking SW
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_018
Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Khentkaus Town, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Khentkaus Town area, ongoing excavations (2011), looking NW across Central Field tombs towards Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_138
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Khafre Pyramid, Central Field, Khufu Pyramid, Muslim Cemetery
Description: View from on top of Southern Mount, looking NW across Muslim Cemetery towards Khafre Pyramid, Central Field, and Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_140
Description: On top of Southern Mount, looking N towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_260
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum
Description: General view from southern edge of Giza Plateau, looking N at Khufu Pyramid and Khufu Boat Museum
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_261
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_145
Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Central Field, G 8400, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Central Field, area to N and E of G 8400 (midground, far left), looking NNW towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_031
Subjects: Menkaure Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Menkaure Valley Temple, G 8400, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Panorama: Menkaure Valley Temple Ante-town area, ongoing excavations (2011), looking NW towards G 8400, Khafre Pyramid, and Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_069
Description: Menkaure Valley Temple Ante-town, area W of Vestibule 2 (= room 202 on Hassan plan, 1943), looking NW towards G 8400, Khafre Pyramid, and Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_149
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_154
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Khafre Pyramid, Central Field, Khufu Pyramid, Muslim Cemetery, Eastern Cemetery
Description: General view from on top of Southern Mount, looking roughly NNW towards Muslim Cemetery and Central Field, with Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, and Eastern Cemetery in the background
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_156
Description: View from on top of Southern Mount, looking NW towards Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, and Central Field
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_271
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_175
Description: Khufu Pyramid, S face, looking NNW across Central Field
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_482
Description: Base of Khufu Pyramid, NE corner, looking SW
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_158
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, Central Field, Muslim Cemetery
Description: View from on top of Southern Mount, looking NW towards Muslim Cemetery, Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, and Central Field (with Andreas Laake)
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_483
Description: Base of Khufu Pyramid, NE corner, closeup, looking SW
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_484
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_485
Description: Base of Khufu Pyramid, NE corner, closeup of ground, looking ?
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_159
Description: View from on top of Southern Mount, looking NW towards Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, and Central Field (with Andreas Laake)
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_160
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_161
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_162
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_163
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, Central Field, Muslim Cemetery
Description: View from on top of Southern Mount, looking NNW towards Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, Central Field, and Muslim Cemetery (with Peter Der Manuelian)
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_164
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Khufu Pyramid, Central Field, Muslim Cemetery
Description: View from on top of Southern Mount, looking N towards Muslim Cemetery, Central Field, and Khufu Pyramid (with Peter Der Manuelian)
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_165
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_300
Subjects: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: MQ 102, MQ 500, MQ 502, Khufu Pyramid, G I-c
Description: Eastern end of Menkaure Quarry Cemetery, including MQ 102, MQ 500, and MQ 502, looking NE towards Khufu Pyramid and G I-c
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_302
Description: Menkaure Pyramid Temple, from S side looking N towards Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_454
Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2110, G 2100, Khufu Pyramid
Description: On top of G 2000, looking ESE at G 2110, G 2100, and Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_036
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_092
Description: General view of Central Field, including G 8400, from S side looking N towards Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_171
Description: View from on top of Southern Mount, looking NW across Muslim Cemetery towards Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, and Central Field
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_172
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_096
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, G 8400, Khufu Pyramid
Description: View from SW corner of Muslim Cemetery, looking NW towards Khafre Pyramid, G 8400, and Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_097
Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, G 8400, Khufu Pyramid
Description: Panorama: view from SW corner of Muslim Cemetery, looking NW towards Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, G 8400, and Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_098
Description: View from SW corner of Muslim Cemetery, looking NW towards Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, G 8400, and Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_100
Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, G 8400, Khufu Pyramid
Description: View from SW corner of Muslim Cemetery, looking NNW towards Khafre Pyramid, G 8400, and Khufu Pyramid
ID: PDM_2011.01.19_101
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- Heather ONeill [email protected] ×
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- Cole Test Collection - Tomb Chapels and Shafts
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- Tombs & Monuments
- Sphinx Complex
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COMMENTS
Giza 3D Explore the models and tours; you will find links to other models throughout. Or choose from individual tours below. You may also use the arrow keys and WASD to navigate. Giza Guided Tours Click to select tour, then click "Start Tour". A Walking Tour of the Giza Plateau Khafre Pyramid Khafre Pyramid Temple Khafre Valley Temple Khufu Pyramid
Alvin Powell Harvard Staff Writer May 15, 2019 long read Digital Giza Project lets scholars virtually visit sites in Egypt and beyond, and even print them in 3D Four thousand years ago, a member of Egypt's elite was buried on the Giza Plateau in an elaborate stone tomb, complete with several rooms and underground chambers.
Thanks to Harvard University, you can now virtually see the Great Pyramid of Giza from the inside in 3D and 360º.Tour: https://giza.mused.org/en/guided/266/i...
14K Share Save 322K views 10 months ago #AncientArchitects #GreatPyramid #AncientEgypt Thanks to Harvard University you can now explore the Great Pyramid from the comfort of your own home...
Animated video production that provides a guided tour of the main components of the Khufu Pyramid Complex at Giza, in including the Great Pyramid. The Giza P...
Take a tour though Ancient Egypt and the Great Pyramids of Giza with Havard University's Giza Project, which features 3D tours.
A digitized tour lets you visit the thousands-year-old chambers from your living room. ... The Great Pyramid of Giza (or the Pyramid of Kheops) in Egypt is one of the seven wonders of the world ...
If going to the Giza Plateau in person is the ultimate way to experience the ancient Pyramids of Giza, Harvard University's Digital Giza is at least the next best thing.
Watch in-depth documentaries of archaeological digs, explore 360-degree tours of the Great Pyramids and the Temple of Philae, join a free online course on the history of Ancient Egypt, and more. Let the journey begin! ... The Giza Project at Harvard University gives you access to the largest collection of information, media, and research ...
Take a walking tour of the Giza Pyramids with Harvard Professor Peter Der Manuelian.From our online course, "Pyramids of Giza: Ancient Egyptian Art and Archa...
On campus Official Historical Tour of Harvard The free, student-led public walking tour through Harvard Yard provides a history of the University, general information, and a unique view on the students' individual experience. Register for the in-person tour Visit Harvard mobile app
The scanning is complete. Witness the BBC's 360° tour inside the Great Pyramid of Giza. Use your mouse to crane your neck, if you like. As of this writing, you could tour the pyramid in person, should you wish—the usual touristic hoards are definitely dialed down. But, given the contagion, perhaps better ...
Animated video production that provides a guided tour of the main components of the Khafre Pyramid Complex at Giza. The Giza Project at Harvard University ht...
Harvard University Unveils Groundbreaking 3D and 360º Virtual Tour of the Great Pyramid of Giza #harvard #pyramid #pyramidofgiza #egypt
Thanks to a new tool, you can tour the Great Pyramid of Giza from the comfort of your own home for the first time ever, cost-free. In case you're not familiar with it, the Great Pyramid of Giza is Egypt's biggest pyramid, standing at just over 481 feet tall. First constructed around 4,500 years ago during Egypt's Old Kingdom era, houses ...
Hawass, Zahi. "Khufu's National Project: The Great Pyramid of Giza in the Year 2528 B.C." In Peter Jánosi, ed. Structure and Significance: Thoughts on Ancient Egyptian Architecture, Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2005, pp. 305-334.
Subscribe and 🔔 to the BBC 👉 https://bit.ly/BBCYouTubeSubWatch the BBC first on iPlayer 👉 https://bbc.in/iPlayer-Home Travel to the heart of the Great Pyr...